详解JS与APP原生控件交互
“热更新”、“热部署”相信对于混合式开发的童鞋一定不陌生,那么APP怎么避免每次升级都要在APP应用商店发布呢?这里就用到了混合式开发的概念,对于电商网站尤其显得重要,不可能每次发布一个活动,都要发布一个现版本,当然这样对于Android还算可以,但是对于Ios呢?苹果应用商店每次审核的时间基本都在1~2周,这对于一个促销活动来说审核时间实在太长。而混合式开发正好可以解决这个问题,基本的原理时,通过原生控件实现APP的主体结构,借助H5开发对应的页面,这样每次发布活动,只需要在服务器端,将活动发布,便可以达到所有安装用户不升级便可查阅最新活动的效果。今天就为大家分享一下,如何实现JavaScript与APP原生控件交互。
一、首先为大家介绍的是JS与Android交互,首先让大家看一下Android工程的目录结构:
JSObject.java文件封装了JS调用Android原生控件的方法;MainActivity.java是调用WebView控件实现网页页面加载,以及进行控件调用JS方法的封装;test.html是我们加载的HTML页面。接下来我们具体看一下实现:
MainActivity.java
package com.chinaonenet.mywebview; import android.annotation.SuppressLint; import android.app.Activity; import android.os.Bundle; import android.os.Handler; import android.view.View; import android.view.View.OnClickListener; import android.webkit.WebSettings; import android.webkit.WebView; import android.widget.Button; /** * SuppressLint一定要加上去!!! * 低版本可能没问题,高版本JS铁定调不了Android里面的方法 */ @SuppressLint("SetJavaScriptEnabled") public class MainActivity extends Activity { private Button button1,button2; private WebView mWebView; private MyWebViewClient WVClient; private WebSettings webSettings; private MyWebChromeClient chromeClient; //封装接收js调用Android的方法类 private JSObject jsobject; //异步请求 private Handler mHandler = new Handler(); @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); init(); initView(); setButton(); } private void setButton() { //无参调用 button1.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) { mHandler.post(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { mWebView.loadUrl("javascript:showNoMessage()"); } }); } }); //有参调用 button2.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) { mHandler.post(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { mWebView.loadUrl("javascript:showMessage('顺带给JS传个参数')"); } }); } }); } private void init() { mWebView = (WebView) findViewById(R.id.webview); button1 = (Button)findViewById(R.id.button1); button2 = (Button)findViewById(R.id.button2); WVClient = new MyWebViewClient(); chromeClient = new MyWebChromeClient(); jsobject = new JSObject(MainActivity.this); } private void initView() { webSettings = mWebView.getSettings(); webSettings.setJavaScriptEnabled(true); webSettings.setBuiltInZoomControls(true); webSettings.setSavePassword(false); //支持多种分辨率,需要js网页支持 webSettings.setUserAgentString("mac os"); webSettings.setDefaultTextEncodingName("utf-8"); //显示本地js网页 mWebView.loadUrl("file:///android_asset/test.html"); mWebView.setWebViewClient(WVClient); mWebView.setWebChromeClient(chromeClient); //注意第二个参数android,这个是JS网页调用Android方法的一个类似ID的东西 mWebView.addJavascriptInterface(jsobject, "android"); } }
页面的配置文件(activity_main.xml)
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:orientation="vertical" tools:context="com.chinaonenet.mywebview.MainActivity" > <Button android:id="@+id/button1" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_alignParentLeft="true" android:text="无参" /> <Button android:id="@+id/button2" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_alignParentRight="true" android:text="有参" /> <WebView android:id="@+id/webview" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:layout_alignParentLeft="true" android:layout_alignParentRight="true" android:layout_below="@+id/button2" /> <TextView android:id="@+id/textView1" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_alignBaseline="@+id/button1" android:layout_alignBottom="@+id/button1" android:layout_centerHorizontal="true" android:text="js与android交互" /> </RelativeLayout>
JSObject.java
package com.chinaonenet.mywebview; import org.json.JSONArray; import org.json.JSONException; import android.content.Context; import android.content.Intent; import android.net.Uri; import android.webkit.JavascriptInterface; import android.widget.Toast; /** * JS调用android的方法 * @JavascriptInterface仍然必不可少 */ public class JSObject { private Context context; public JSObject(Context context){ this.context = context; } //js调用无参方法 @JavascriptInterface public void callNull(){ Toast.makeText(context, "JsCallAndroid", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } //js调用有参方法 @JavascriptInterface public void callMessage(String data){ Toast.makeText(context, data, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } //js调用有参方法,参数类型:JSON @JavascriptInterface public void callJson(String data) throws JSONException{ JSONArray jsonArray = new JSONArray(data); Toast.makeText(context, jsonArray.toString(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } //js调用有参方法,参数类型:JSON,获取电话号码拨打 @JavascriptInterface public void callPhone(String data){ context.startActivity(new Intent(Intent.ACTION_CALL, Uri.parse("tel:" + data))); } }
加载的HTML页面:
<style> .main-wrap ul { width: 100%; display: inline-block; padding-top: 20px; } .main-wrap ul li { float: left; width: 100%; height: 40px; line-height: 40px; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 20px; background-color: #00D000; color: #fff; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; } .main-wrap ul li:active { opacity: 0.8; } </style> <div class="main-wrap"> <ul class="postAndroid"> <li onclick="jsCallAndroid('1')">不传参数调用原生控件</li> <li onclick="jsCallAndroid('2')">传参数调用原生控件</li> <li onclick="jsCallAndroid('3')">以JSON格式传参数调用原生控件</li> <li onclick="jsCallAndroid('4')">调用打电话服务</li> </ul> </div> <script> function jsCallAndroid(rel) { switch(rel){ case "1": android.callNull(); break; case "2": android.callMessage("javaScript操作Android原生"); break; case "3": var json = "[{\"name\":\"满艺网\", \"phone\":\"4008366069\"}]"; android.callJson(json); break; case "4": android.callPhone("4008366069"); break; } } function showNoMessage() { alert("Android无参调用"); } function showMessage(data) { alert("Android有参调用-data:" + data); } </script>
这里因为需要实现一个拨打电话的功能,所以需要在AndroidManifest.xml文件中添加拨打电话的权限:
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CALL_PHONE" />
当然这里加载的页面是本地页面,当加载网络页面时需要添加请求网络权限:
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
好了关于JS与Android原生的控件进行相互调用的知识就介绍完了,最后附上DEML下载地址:http://pan.baidu.com/s/1eSza8Pc
二、JS与IOS原生交互,这里的开发语言选用的是Swift语言,版本是2.2。首先上工程目录结构:
ViewController.swift
import UIKit import JavaScriptCore class ViewController: UIViewController { var context = JSContext() var jsContext: JSContext? @IBOutlet weak var webView: UIWebView! override func viewDidLoad() { super.viewDidLoad() webView.delegate = self//初始化webView loadJS() } /** *加载html页面 */ func loadJS() { let str = NSBundle.mainBundle().pathForResource("test", ofType: "html") let request = NSURLRequest(URL: NSURL(string: str!)!) webView.loadRequest(request) } //Swift 调用JS 方法 (无参数) @IBAction func swift_js_pargram(sender: AnyObject) { self.context.evaluateScript("Swift_JS1()") //self.webView.stringByEvaluatingJavaScriptFromString("Swift_JS1()") //此方法也可行 } //Swift 调用JS 方法 (有参数) @IBAction func swift_js_nopargam(sender: AnyObject) { self.context.evaluateScript("Swift_JS2('Ios' ,'Swift')") //self.webView.stringByEvaluatingJavaScriptFromString("Swift_JS2('oc','swift')") //此方法也可行 } //js调用Swift方法(无参) func menthod1() { print("JS调用了无参数swift方法") let title = "操作提示"; let msg = "JS调用了无参数swift方法"; //创建提示信息 let alert = UIAlertController(title: title, message: msg, preferredStyle: .Alert) //确定按钮 alert.addAction(UIAlertAction(title: "ok", style: .Default, handler: nil)) //显示提示框 self.presentViewController(alert, animated: true, completion: nil) } //js调用Swift方法(有参数) func menthod2(str1: String, str2: String) { print("JS调用了有参数swift方法:参数为\(str1),\(str2)") //创建提示信息 let alert = UIAlertController(title: str1, message: str2, preferredStyle: .Alert) //确定按钮 alert.addAction(UIAlertAction(title: "ok", style: .Default, handler: nil)) //显示提示框 self.presentViewController(alert, animated: true, completion: nil) } func webView(webView: UIWebView, didFailLoadWithError error: NSError) { print(error) } } //js调用Swift方法注入 extension ViewController: UIWebViewDelegate { func webView(webView: UIWebView, shouldStartLoadWithRequest request: NSURLRequest, navigationType: UIWebViewNavigationType) -> Bool { let str = NSBundle.mainBundle().pathForResource("test", ofType: "html") let request = NSURLRequest(URL: NSURL(string: str!)!) let connecntion = NSURLConnection(request: request, delegate: self) connecntion?.start() return true } func webViewDidStartLoad(webView: UIWebView) { print("webViewDidStartLoad----") } func webViewDidFinishLoad(webView: UIWebView) { self.context = webView.valueForKeyPath("documentView.webView.mainFrame.javaScriptContext") as! JSContext //JS调用了无参数swift方法---menthod1 let temp1: @convention(block) () ->() = { self.menthod1() } //forKeyedSubscript:参数为JS调用方法名 self.context.setObject(unsafeBitCast(temp1, AnyObject.self), forKeyedSubscript: "test1") //JS调用了有参数swift方法---menthod2 let temp2: @convention(block) () ->() = { let array = JSContext.currentArguments()//这里接到的array中的内容是JSValue类型 for object in array { print("参数:" + object.toString()) } self.menthod2(array[0].toString(), str2: array[1].toString()) } //forKeyedSubscript:参数为JS调用方法名 self.context.setObject(unsafeBitCast(temp2, AnyObject.self), forKeyedSubscript: "test2") //模型注入的方法 let model = JSObjCModel() model.controller = self model.jsContext = context self.jsContext = context //这一步是将OCModel这个模型注入到JS中,JS就可以通过OCModel调用我们公暴露的方法了。 self.jsContext?.setObject(model, forKeyedSubscript: "OCModel") let url = NSBundle.mainBundle().URLForResource("test", withExtension: "html") self.jsContext?.evaluateScript(try? String(contentsOfURL: url!, encoding: NSUTF8StringEncoding)); self.jsContext?.exceptionHandler = { (context, exception) in print("exception @", exception) } } } @objc protocol JavaScriptSwiftDelegate: JSExport { func callSystemCamera() func showAlert(title: String, msg: String) func callWithDict(dict: [String: AnyObject]) func jsCallObjcAndObjcCallJsWithDict(dict: [String: AnyObject]) } //js调用Swift模型方法 @objc class JSObjCModel: NSObject, JavaScriptSwiftDelegate { weak var controller: UIViewController? weak var jsContext: JSContext? //JS无参调用Swift方法并返回处理结果 func callSystemCamera() { print("js call objc method: callSystemCamera"); let jsFunc = self.jsContext?.objectForKeyedSubscript("jsFunc"); jsFunc?.callWithArguments([]); } //JS有参调用Swift方法 func showAlert(title: String, msg: String) { print("js call objc method: showAlert, title: %@", title, " msg: %@", msg) dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue()) { () -> Void in let alert = UIAlertController(title: title, message: msg, preferredStyle: .Alert) alert.addAction(UIAlertAction(title: "ok", style: .Default, handler: nil)) self.controller?.presentViewController(alert, animated: true, completion: nil) } } //JS有参调用Swift方法 func callWithDict(dict: [String : AnyObject]) { print("js call objc method: callWithDict, args: %@", dict) let alert = UIAlertController(title: "消息提示", message: "查看控制台打印信息", preferredStyle: .Alert) alert.addAction(UIAlertAction(title: "ok", style: .Default, handler: nil)) self.controller?.presentViewController(alert, animated: true, completion: nil) } //JS有参调用Swift方法并返回处理结果 func jsCallObjcAndObjcCallJsWithDict(dict: [String : AnyObject]) { print("js call objc method: jsCallObjcAndObjcCallJsWithDict, args: %@", dict) let jsParamFunc = self.jsContext?.objectForKeyedSubscript("jsParamFunc"); let dict = NSDictionary(dictionary: ["age": 2, "height": 178, "name": "满艺网"]) jsParamFunc?.callWithArguments([dict]) } } extension ViewController: NSURLConnectionDelegate,NSURLConnectionDataDelegate { func connection(connection: NSURLConnection, didReceiveData data: NSData) { print("didReceiveData\(data)") } func connection(connection: NSURLConnection, willSendRequest request: NSURLRequest, redirectResponse response: NSURLResponse?) -> NSURLRequest? { print("request:\(request)response:\(response)") return request } func connection(connection: NSURLConnection, didFailWithError error: NSError) { } } //MARK: - allowsAnyHTTPSCertificateForHost extension NSURLRequest { static func allowsAnyHTTPSCertificateForHost(host: String) -> Bool { return true } }
test.html
<html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> <title>JSAndIos</title> </head> <style> .main-wrap ul { width: 100%; display: inline-block; padding-top: 20px; } .main-wrap ul li { float: left; width: 100%; height: 40px; line-height: 40px; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 20px; background-color: #00D000; color: #fff; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; } .main-wrap ul li:active { opacity: 0.8; } </style> <body bgcolor="#dddd"> <div class="main-wrap"> <ul class="postAndroid"> <li onclick="JS_Swift1()">不传参数调用原生控件(常规方式)</li> <li onclick="JS_Swift2()">传参数调用原生控件(常规方式)</li> <li onclick="JS_Swift3()">不传参数调用原生控件,带返回结果处理(模型注入)</li> <li onclick="JS_Swift4()">传参数调用原生控件(模型注入)</li> <li onclick="JS_Swift5()">传对象格式参数调用原生控件(模型注入)</li> <li onclick="JS_Swift6()">传对象格式参数调用原生控件,带返回结果处理(模型注入)</li> </ul> </div> <script> function Swift_JS1() { alert("Swift调用Js无参方法"); } function Swift_JS2(name,msg) { alert("Swift调用Js有参方法,name:"+name+";mes:"+msg); } function JS_Swift1() { test1(); } function JS_Swift2() { test2('JsCallSwift', 'Js调用Swift方法'); } function JS_Swift3() { OCModel.callSystemCamera(); } //js调用Swift方法,处理返回结果 function jsFunc() { alert('JS调用Swift方法,无返回值结果处理'); } function JS_Swift4() { OCModel.showAlertMsg('js send title', 'js send message'); } function JS_Swift5() { OCModel.callWithDict({ 'name': 'testname', 'age': 10, 'height': 170 }); } function JS_Swift6() { OCModel.jsCallObjcAndObjcCallJsWithDict({ 'name': 'testname', 'age': 10, 'height': 170 }); } //注意哦,如果JS写错,可能在OC调用JS方法时,都会出错哦。 function jsParamFunc (argument) { alert("JS调用Swift方法,有返回值处理结果---name:"+argument['name'] + " age:" + argument['age']); } </script> </body> </html>
好了,对于JS与Ios原生控件之间进行相互调用的主要内容就分享完毕了,DEML下载地址:https://pan.baidu.com/s/1gfJXr83
到这里关于JS与Android、IOS原生控件相互之间进行调用的知识就为大家分享完毕,欢迎留言讨论,相互学习。
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