如jQuery般易用的api风格代码分享
回到正题,如jQuery般易用的api风格?那到底是什么样的风格呢?个人觉得比较重要的有两点,一是对dom操作的链式调用,并且都呈队列状态,不仅仅使代码的可读语义变得通俗易懂,而且省去了对同一dom元素的多个链式操作时的回调中嵌回调的方式,这是很重要的一点。
二是对元素的批量操作,这是建立在它强大的选择器上的。jq选择器很强大,这是人所众知的,就不多说了。而且肯定也不是一两天就能实现的了的,所以下面就对我所说的这两点谈谈我的看法。
基于它强大的选择器,jquery所有的dom操作都依赖于根据它选择器取到的一个数组,很多人喜欢把这叫做jq对象。那咱们暂时也先这样叫吧。然后所有的dom操作都是依赖于这个jq对象中每一个元素并发批量执行的。具体到每一个dom操作,大部分的都是呈链式回调的状态,也就是说在这个方法链里面,直接根据方法调用在链中的先后顺序就能知道他们执行的顺序。这种方法链并且串行的形式是它的一大特色。
以至于很多人喜欢用jquery,基本就看中它两点,选择器确实很强大,链式调用确实很方便很易用,代码逻辑瞬间变得简单。正因为他把很多的代码逻辑都放到自己内部去处理了,留给编码者考虑的问题就少了很多,所以一方面你觉得好用的同时,也就失去了一次锻炼编码逻辑的机会。因此我不建议初学者直接学习使用jquery或者其他的框架,因为他们会让你对js的理解越来越少。我的观点是所有的框架或者库都是拿来使用的,拿来提高开发效率和管理便利度的,而不是拿来学习的。(当然,研究源码的除外)。
那么,既然觉得jquery的api风格好用,那我们何尝不尝试一下构建这种类似的api风格呢?(声明:以下尝试都仅仅是提供一种思路,代码并不完善...)
代码如下:
var get = function (ids) {
var d = document, a = -1;
this.elements = [];
if (typeof ids != 'string' && !!ids.length) {
for (var i=0; i<ids.length; i++) {
var id = ids[i], o;
o = typeof id == 'string' ? d.getElementById(id) : id;
this.elements.push(o);
}
} else {
while (typeof arguments[++a] == 'string') {
this.elements.push(d.getElementById(arguments[a]));
}
}
}
get.prototype = {
each : function () {},
animate : function () {}
}
当然,这种方式和jQuery看起来不太一样,但能理解就行,jquery可能是这个样子:
代码如下:
jQuery = window.jQuery = window.$ = function( selector, context ) {
return new jQuery.fn.init( selector, context );
}
jQuery.fn = jQuery.prototype = {
init: function( selector, context ) {}
}
接下来对获取的队列进行批量操作,不可避免的就需要一个each的遍历方法。
代码如下:
each : function (fn) {
for (var i=0; i<this.elements.length; i++) {
fn.call(this, this.elements[i])
}
return this;
},
each为get.prototype扩展出的方法,提供一个参数function,并且遍历dom列表,把function绑定到每一个元素上。然后让它返回get.prototype,因为prototype本身具有类似于“超类”的性质,所以凡是返回给prototype对象的方法都能继续调用prototype扩展出来到方法。
为了使这个尝试更有意义一点,接下来来做一个animate的函数吧。这个函数是jquery对dom操作很常用的一个方法,有了它,大部分的动画都变得那么简单和容易了。下面会是一个简单的实现:
代码如下:
animate: function (config) {
if (!this.animQueue) this.animQueue = HR._animQueue = [];
var a = 0, time, tween, ease, callback;
while (arguments[++a]) {
if (typeof arguments[a] == 'number') time = arguments[a];
if (typeof arguments[a] == 'string') {
if (/^ease*/.test(arguments[a])) ease = arguments[a];
else tween = arguments[a];
}
if (HR.isFunction(arguments[a])) callback = arguments[a];
}
this.animQueue.push({
config: config,
time: time,
tween: tween,
ease: ease,
callback: callback
});
if (this.animQueue.length == 1) this.execute(this.animQueue);
return this;
},
光看这一段可能看不出什么端倪,是的,因为要像jquery一样做成串行的方法链,就需要一个临时队列来操作,要不然即使方法链形成了,但这些方法都是并行的,达不到我们想要的效果。所以上面一段代码主要是处理animate推入队列的一个逻辑,然后对参数arguments做了一些判断,以便在写参数的时候能更加随意,除了第一个参数和最后一个callback外,其余参数不用考虑位置和是否必填,以增强易用性。
核心的变换函数在execute上,
代码如下:
execute : function (queue) {
var _this = this, m = 0, n = 0,
_anim = function (el, key, from, to, at, tw, ease, cb) {
var isOP = (key == 'opacity' && !HR.support.opacity), _key = key;
if (isOP) {to = to*100; _key = 'filter'}
var s = +new Date,
d = at,
b = parseFloat(from) || 0,
c = to-b;
(function () {
var t = +new Date - s;
if (t >= d) {
n ++;
t = d;
el.style[_key] = (isOP ? 'alpha(opacity=' : '') + Tween.Linear(t, b, c, d) + (key != 'opacity' ? 'px' : '') + (isOP ? ')' : '');
!!cb && cb.apply(el);
if (m == n && _this.animQueue.length > 1) {
_this.animQueue.shift();
_this.execute(_this.animQueue);
}
return;
}
el.style[_key] = (isOP ? 'alpha(opacity=' : '') + Tween[tw][ease](t, b, c, d) + (key != 'opacity' ? 'px' : '') + (isOP ? ')' : '');
if (!HR.timers[el.id]) HR.timers[el.id] = [];
HR.timers[el.id].push(setTimeout(arguments.callee, 16));
})();
},
_q = this.animQueue[0];
return this.each(function (el) {
for (var k in _q.config) {
m ++;
_anim(el,
k,
k == 'opacity' && !HR.support.opacity ? HR.getStyle('filter', el) == '' ? 100 : parseInt(HR.getStyle('filter', el).match(/\d{1,3}/g)[0]) : HR.getStyle(k, el),
_q.config[k],
typeof _q.time == 'number' ? _q.time : 1000,
typeof _q.tween == 'string' && !/^ease*/.test(_q.tween) ? _q.tween : 'Quart',
typeof _q.ease == 'string' && /^ease*/.test(_q.ease) ? _q.ease : 'easeOut',
_q.callback)
}
});
}
这一段看起来就要复杂一些了,最基本的变化还是在_anim这个私有函数上。其余的代码基本在做一些批量的操作,和透明度变化兼容性,以及当前变换是否执行完毕的功能。结合这两段,基本就实现了jquery的animate的效果了。属于一个简化版本。
当然,还不能忘了很重要的一点,就是既然可以变换,那就必须有个stop的方法让这个变换可控,要不然这个代码的可用性会大打折扣,参考以下代码:
代码如下:
stop : function (clearQueue) {
if (clearQueue) HR._animQueue.length = 0;
this.each(function (el) {
if (!!HR.timers[el.id])
for (var i=0; i<HR.timers[el.id].length; i++) clearTimeout(HR.timers[el.id][i])
});
return this;
},
针对不同的dom元素id设置专门的临时计时器存贮,HR.timers[el.id],然后遍历当前dom列表,把对应的计时器clear掉。参数clearQueue作为可选参数,用来控制是否清掉后续等待执行的animate。
为了让这个方法更加好玩一点,我加了几种额外的缓动方式,jquery只有一种swing,然后所有的缓动算法放置在Tween对象中以供使用。下面是我做测试的源码,(如有纰漏,各位见谅)
代码如下:
/* =========== animate js ============ */
/* @author:hongru.chen */
/* =================================== */
if (typeof HR == 'undefined' || !HR)
HR = {
extend : function (destination, source, override) {
if (override === #ff0000) override = true;
for (var property in source) {
if (override || !(property in destination)) {
destination[property] = source[property];
}
}
return destination;
}
};
(function () {
var Tween = { // 以下算子的参数分别表示: t:运行时间,b:开始量,c:总变化量,d:总时间
Linear: function(t,b,c,d){ return c*t/d + b; },
Quad: {
easeIn: function(t,b,c,d){
return c*(t/=d)*t + b;
},
easeOut: function(t,b,c,d){
return -c *(t/=d)*(t-2) + b;
},
easeInOut: function(t,b,c,d){
if ((t/=d/2) < 1) return c/2*t*t + b;
return -c/2 * ((--t)*(t-2) - 1) + b;
}
},
Cubic: {
easeIn: function(t,b,c,d){
return c*(t/=d)*t*t + b;
},
easeOut: function(t,b,c,d){
return c*((t=t/d-1)*t*t + 1) + b;
},
easeInOut: function(t,b,c,d){
if ((t/=d/2) < 1) return c/2*t*t*t + b;
return c/2*((t-=2)*t*t + 2) + b;
}
},
Quart: {
easeIn: function(t,b,c,d){
return c*(t/=d)*t*t*t + b;
},
easeOut: function(t,b,c,d){
return -c * ((t=t/d-1)*t*t*t - 1) + b;
},
easeInOut: function(t,b,c,d){
if ((t/=d/2) < 1) return c/2*t*t*t*t + b;
return -c/2 * ((t-=2)*t*t*t - 2) + b;
}
},
Quint: {
easeIn: function(t,b,c,d){
return c*(t/=d)*t*t*t*t + b;
},
easeOut: function(t,b,c,d){
return c*((t=t/d-1)*t*t*t*t + 1) + b;
},
easeInOut: function(t,b,c,d){
if ((t/=d/2) < 1) return c/2*t*t*t*t*t + b;
return c/2*((t-=2)*t*t*t*t + 2) + b;
}
},
Sine: {
easeIn: function(t,b,c,d){
return -c * Math.cos(t/d * (Math.PI/2)) + c + b;
},
easeOut: function(t,b,c,d){
return c * Math.sin(t/d * (Math.PI/2)) + b;
},
easeInOut: function(t,b,c,d){
return -c/2 * (Math.cos(Math.PI*t/d) - 1) + b;
}
},
Expo: {
easeIn: function(t,b,c,d){
return (t==0) ? b : c * Math.pow(2, 10 * (t/d - 1)) + b;
},
easeOut: function(t,b,c,d){
return (t==d) ? b+c : c * (-Math.pow(2, -10 * t/d) + 1) + b;
},
easeInOut: function(t,b,c,d){
if (t==0) return b;
if (t==d) return b+c;
if ((t/=d/2) < 1) return c/2 * Math.pow(2, 10 * (t - 1)) + b;
return c/2 * (-Math.pow(2, -10 * --t) + 2) + b;
}
},
Circ: {
easeIn: function(t,b,c,d){
return -c * (Math.sqrt(1 - (t/=d)*t) - 1) + b;
},
easeOut: function(t,b,c,d){
return c * Math.sqrt(1 - (t=t/d-1)*t) + b;
},
easeInOut: function(t,b,c,d){
if ((t/=d/2) < 1) return -c/2 * (Math.sqrt(1 - t*t) - 1) + b;
return c/2 * (Math.sqrt(1 - (t-=2)*t) + 1) + b;
}
},
Elastic: {
easeIn: function(t,b,c,d,a,p){
if (t==0) return b; if ((t/=d)==1) return b+c; if (!p) p=d*.3;
if (!a || a < Math.abs(c)) { a=c; var s=p/4; }
else var s = p/(2*Math.PI) * Math.asin (c/a);
return -(a*Math.pow(2,10*(t-=1)) * Math.sin( (t*d-s)*(2*Math.PI)/p )) + b;
},
easeOut: function(t,b,c,d,a,p){
if (t==0) return b; if ((t/=d)==1) return b+c; if (!p) p=d*.3;
if (!a || a < Math.abs(c)) { a=c; var s=p/4; }
else var s = p/(2*Math.PI) * Math.asin (c/a);
return (a*Math.pow(2,-10*t) * Math.sin( (t*d-s)*(2*Math.PI)/p ) + c + b);
},
easeInOut: function(t,b,c,d,a,p){
if (t==0) return b; if ((t/=d/2)==2) return b+c; if (!p) p=d*(.3*1.5);
if (!a || a < Math.abs(c)) { a=c; var s=p/4; }
else var s = p/(2*Math.PI) * Math.asin (c/a);
if (t < 1) return -.5*(a*Math.pow(2,10*(t-=1)) * Math.sin( (t*d-s)*(2*Math.PI)/p )) + b;
return a*Math.pow(2,-10*(t-=1)) * Math.sin( (t*d-s)*(2*Math.PI)/p )*.5 + c + b;
}
},
Back: {
easeIn: function(t,b,c,d,s){
if (s == undefined) s = 1.70158;
return c*(t/=d)*t*((s+1)*t - s) + b;
},
easeOut: function(t,b,c,d,s){
if (s == undefined) s = 1.70158;
return c*((t=t/d-1)*t*((s+1)*t + s) + 1) + b;
},
easeInOut: function(t,b,c,d,s){
if (s == undefined) s = 1.70158;
if ((t/=d/2) < 1) return c/2*(t*t*(((s*=(1.525))+1)*t - s)) + b;
return c/2*((t-=2)*t*(((s*=(1.525))+1)*t + s) + 2) + b;
}
},
Bounce: {
easeIn: function(t,b,c,d){
return c - Tween.Bounce.easeOut(d-t, 0, c, d) + b;
},
easeOut: function(t,b,c,d){
if ((t/=d) < (1/2.75)) {
return c*(7.5625*t*t) + b;
} else if (t < (2/2.75)) {
return c*(7.5625*(t-=(1.5/2.75))*t + .75) + b;
} else if (t < (2.5/2.75)) {
return c*(7.5625*(t-=(2.25/2.75))*t + .9375) + b;
} else {
return c*(7.5625*(t-=(2.625/2.75))*t + .984375) + b;
}
},
easeInOut: function(t,b,c,d){
if (t < d/2) return Tween.Bounce.easeIn(t*2, 0, c, d) * .5 + b;
else return Tween.Bounce.easeOut(t*2-d, 0, c, d) * .5 + c*.5 + b;
}
}
}
var get = function (ids) {
var d = document, a = -1;
this.elements = [];
if (typeof ids != 'string' && !!ids.length) {
for (var i=0; i<ids.length; i++) {
var id = ids[i], o;
o = typeof id == 'string' ? d.getElementById(id) : id;
this.elements.push(o);
}
} else {
while (typeof arguments[++a] == 'string') {
this.elements.push(d.getElementById(arguments[a]));
}
}
}
get.prototype = {
each : function (fn) {
for (var i=0; i<this.elements.length; i++) {
fn.call(this, this.elements[i])
}
return this;
},
setStyle : function (p, v) {
this.each(function (el) {
el.style[p] = v;
});
return this;
},
show : function () {
var _this = this;
this.each(function (el) {
_this.setStyle('display', 'block');
})
return this;
},
hide : function () {
var _this = this;
this.each(function (el) {
_this.setStyle('display', 'none');
})
return this;
},
animate: function (config) {
if (!this.animQueue) this.animQueue = HR._animQueue = [];
var a = 0, time, tween, ease, callback;
while (arguments[++a]) {
if (typeof arguments[a] == 'number') time = arguments[a];
if (typeof arguments[a] == 'string') {
if (/^ease*/.test(arguments[a])) ease = arguments[a];
else tween = arguments[a];
}
if (HR.isFunction(arguments[a])) callback = arguments[a];
}
this.animQueue.push({
config: config,
time: time,
tween: tween,
ease: ease,
callback: callback
});
if (this.animQueue.length == 1) this.execute(this.animQueue);
return this;
},
stop : function (clearQueue) {
if (clearQueue) HR._animQueue.length = 0;
this.each(function (el) {
if (!!HR.timers[el.id])
for (var i=0; i<HR.timers[el.id].length; i++) clearTimeout(HR.timers[el.id][i])
});
return this;
},
execute : function (queue) {
var _this = this, m = 0, n = 0,
_anim = function (el, key, from, to, at, tw, ease, cb) {
var isOP = (key == 'opacity' && !HR.support.opacity), _key = key;
if (isOP) {to = to*100; _key = 'filter'}
var s = +new Date,
d = at,
b = parseFloat(from) || 0,
c = to-b;
(function () {
var t = +new Date - s;
if (t >= d) {
n ++;
t = d;
el.style[_key] = (isOP ? 'alpha(opacity=' : '') + Tween.Linear(t, b, c, d) + (key != 'opacity' ? 'px' : '') + (isOP ? ')' : '');
!!cb && cb.apply(el);
if (m == n && _this.animQueue.length > 1) {
_this.animQueue.shift();
_this.execute(_this.animQueue);
}
return;
}
el.style[_key] = (isOP ? 'alpha(opacity=' : '') + Tween[tw][ease](t, b, c, d) + (key != 'opacity' ? 'px' : '') + (isOP ? ')' : '');
if (!HR.timers[el.id]) HR.timers[el.id] = [];
HR.timers[el.id].push(setTimeout(arguments.callee, 16));
})();
},
_q = this.animQueue[0];
return this.each(function (el) {
for (var k in _q.config) {
m ++;
_anim(el,
k,
k == 'opacity' && !HR.support.opacity ? HR.getStyle('filter', el) == '' ? 100 : parseInt(HR.getStyle('filter', el).match(/\d{1,3}/g)[0]) : HR.getStyle(k, el),
_q.config[k],
typeof _q.time == 'number' ? _q.time : 1000,
typeof _q.tween == 'string' && !/^ease*/.test(_q.tween) ? _q.tween : 'Quart',
typeof _q.ease == 'string' && /^ease*/.test(_q.ease) ? _q.ease : 'easeOut',
_q.callback)
}
});
}
}
HR.extend(HR, {
get : function () {
return new get(arguments);
},
isFunction : function(o) {
return typeof(o) == 'function' && (!Function.prototype.call || typeof(o.call) == 'function');
},
getStyle : function (p, el) {
return el.currentStyle ? el.currentStyle[p] : document.defaultView.getComputedStyle(el, null).getPropertyValue(p);
},
support : (function () {
try {
var d = document.createElement('div');
d.style['display'] = 'none';
d.innerHTML = '<a style="float:left; opacity:.5;"></a>';
var a = d.getElementsByTagName('a')[0];
return {
opacity: a.style.opacity === '0.5'
}
} finally {
d = null;
}
})(),
timers : {}
});
})();
然后为了让大家看的直观一点,小做了两个demo
【demo1】
#me, #you {
border: 2px solid #333;
margin-bottom: 10px;
position: absolute;
overflow: hidden;
}
#me {left:0; top: 0}
#you {left:0; top: 300px}
fasdf
fasdf
fasdf
fasdf
fasdf
fasdf
fasdf
fasdf
onload = function(){
HR.get('me', 'you').animate({width: 500, height:100},2000, function () {this.style.backgroundColor='#333'}).animate({top:200},'easeIn').animate({left:100,opacity:0.2},function(){this.style.borderColor='red'}).animate({width:200, height: 200, left:300, top:200},function(){
HR.get('me').animate({width:400, height:100, top:10, left:10, opacity:0.8},2000);
HR.get('you').animate({height:400},'Bounce','easeIn', 2000)
})
}
[Ctrl+A 全选 注:如需引入外部Js需刷新才能执行]
【demo2】
self.moveTo(0,0)
self.resizeTo(screen.availWidth,screen.availHeight)
onresize = function () {return false;}
Super Animate
html, body {overflow:hidden}
body, h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, p, ul, dl, ol {margin:0; padding:0}
li {list-style:none}
body {height:100%; color: #fff; font: 14px/1.5 'ChunkFive Regular', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;}
.mask {position: absolute; background:#000; width: 100%; height:100%; left:0; top: 0; z-index:999}
#start {position: absolute; color:#000; font-size:50px; top: 45%; opacity:0; filter:alpha(opacity=0)}
.bg {position:absolute; background:url(http://images.cnblogs.com/cnblogs_com/hongru/280894/o_bg-1.jpg) 50% 50%; left:0; height:100%; width: 100%}
#menu dl {padding: 14px 8px 2px 8px}
#menu {position: absolute; background: #000; font-size: 30px; left: 100px;top:120px; overflow:hidden;height:0; width:176px; z-index:1000}
#menu dd {font-weight: bold; cursor:pointer; height: 44px;overflow:hidden; position:relative}
#menu dd ul {position: absolute;left:0;top:0}
.color-1 {color:#d61565}
.color-2 {color:#555;}
.info {position: absolute; width: 300px; left:300px; top: 120px;padding:14px 10px;background: #000;overflow:hidden;width:0;height:30px;display:none;z-index:1000}
.fs-12 {font-size:12px}
#waiting {left: 46%; top:46%;font-size:40px; color:#999;position:absolute}
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This is Hongru's space -- info
@me: hongru.chenhr@gmail.com
Welcome !
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Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.
This is Hongru's space -- gallery
@me: hongru.chenhr@gmail.com
Welcome !
At vero eos et accusamus et iusto odio dignissimos ducimus qui blanditiis praesentium voluptatum deleniti atque cor rupti quos dolores et quas molestias excepturi sint occaecati cupiditate non provident.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.
This is Hongru's space -- blog
@me: hongru.chenhr@gmail.com
Welcome !
At vero eos et accusamus et iusto odio dignissimos ducimus qui blanditiis praesentium voluptatum deleniti atque cor rupti quos dolores et quas molestias excepturi sint occaecati cupiditate non provident.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.
This is Hongru's space -- contact
@me: hongru.chenhr@gmail.com
Welcome !
At vero eos et accusamus et iusto odio dignissimos ducimus qui blanditiis praesentium voluptatum deleniti atque cor rupti quos dolores et quas molestias excepturi sint occaecati cupiditate non provident.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.
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Start!
onload = function () {
HR.extend(HR, {
addEvent: function (o, e, f) {
o.addEventListener ? o.addEventListener(e, f, false) : o.attachEvent('on'+e, function(){f.call(o)})
},
$ : function (id) {return document.getElementById(id)},
$$ : function (c, p) {return p.getElementsByTagName(c)},
superAnim: {},
loadImg: function (urls, cb) {
var n = urls.length, img = [], f = 0;
for (var i=0; i
[Ctrl+A 全选 注:如需引入外部Js需刷新才能执行]