SpringBoot配置嵌入式Servlet容器和使用外置Servlet容器的教程图解
配置嵌入式Servlet容器
SpringBoot默认使用Tomcat作为嵌入式的Servlet容器;
问题?
1)、如何定制和修改Servlet容器的相关配置;
1、修改和server有关的配置(ServerProperties【也是EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer】);
server.port=8081 server.context-path=/crud server.tomcat.uri-encoding=UTF-8 //通用的Servlet容器设置 server.xxx //Tomcat的设置 server.tomcat.xxx
2、编写一个EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer:嵌入式的Servlet容器的定制器;来修改Servlet容器的配置(1.x)
在Spring Boot2.0以上配置嵌入式Servlet容器时EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer类不存在,被WebServerFactoryCustomizer替代。
1.x
@Bean //一定要将这个定制器加入到容器中 public EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer embeddedServletContainerCustomizer(){ return new WebServerFactoryCustomizer<ConfigurableWebServerFactory> { //定制嵌入式的Servlet容器相关的规则 @Override public void customize(ConfigurableWebServerFactory factory) { container.setPort(8083); } }; }
2.x
@Bean //一定要将这个定制器加入到容器中 public EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer embeddedServletContainerCustomizer(){ return new EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer() { //定制嵌入式的Servlet容器相关的规则 @Override public void customize(ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer container) { container.setPort(8083); } }; }
2)、注册Servlet三大组件【Servlet、Filter、Listener】
由于SpringBoot默认是以jar包的方式启动嵌入式的Servlet容器来启动SpringBoot的web应用,没有web.xml文件。
注册三大组件用以下方式
ServletRegistrationBean
//注册三大组件 @Bean public ServletRegistrationBean myServlet(){ ServletRegistrationBean registrationBean = new ServletRegistrationBean(new MyServlet(),"/myServlet"); return registrationBean; }
FilterRegistrationBean
@Bean public FilterRegistrationBean myFilter(){ FilterRegistrationBean registrationBean = new FilterRegistrationBean(); registrationBean.setFilter(new MyFilter()); registrationBean.setUrlPatterns(Arrays.asList("/hello","/myServlet")); return registrationBean; }
ServletListenerRegistrationBean
@Bean public ServletListenerRegistrationBean myListener(){ ServletListenerRegistrationBean<MyListener> registrationBean = new ServletListenerRegistrationBean<>(new MyListener()); return registrationBean; }
SpringBoot帮我们自动SpringMVC的时候,自动的注册SpringMVC的前端控制器;DIspatcherServlet;
DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration中:
@Bean(name = DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_REGISTRATION_BEAN_NAME) @ConditionalOnBean(value = DispatcherServlet.class, name = DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME) public ServletRegistrationBean dispatcherServletRegistration( DispatcherServlet dispatcherServlet) { ServletRegistrationBean registration = new ServletRegistrationBean( dispatcherServlet, this.serverProperties.getServletMapping()); //默认拦截: / 所有请求;包静态资源,但是不拦截jsp请求; /*会拦截jsp //可以通过server.servletPath来修改SpringMVC前端控制器默认拦截的请求路径 registration.setName(DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME); registration.setLoadOnStartup( this.webMvcProperties.getServlet().getLoadOnStartup()); if (this.multipartConfig != null) { registration.setMultipartConfig(this.multipartConfig); } return registration; }
2)、SpringBoot能不能支持其他的Servlet容器;
3)、替换为其他嵌入式Servlet容器
默认支持:
Tomcat(默认使用)
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> 引入web模块默认就是使用嵌入式的Tomcat作为Servlet容器; </dependency>
Jetty
<!-- 引入web模块 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> <exclusions> <exclusion> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> </exclusion> </exclusions> </dependency> <!--引入其他的Servlet容器--> <dependency> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jetty</artifactId> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> </dependency>
Undertow
<!-- 引入web模块 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> <exclusions> <exclusion> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> </exclusion> </exclusions> </dependency> <!--引入其他的Servlet容器--> <dependency> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-undertow</artifactId> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> </dependency>
4)、嵌入式Servlet容器自动配置原理;
SpringBoot2.X原理略有不同
由EmbeddedWebServerFactoryCustomizerAutoConfiguration(嵌入式web服务工厂定制器自动配置类)而不是EmbeddedServletContainerAutoConfiguration(嵌入式的Servlet容器自动配置),根据导入的依赖信息,该配置类会自动创建相应类型的容器工厂定制器(目前Spring Boot 2.x 版本支持tomcat、jetty、undertow、netty),以tomcat为例,这里会创建TomcatWebServerFactoryCustomizer组件:
@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false) @ConditionalOnWebApplication //指定类ServerProperties(Servlet容器相关的配置类)中的ConfigurationProperties功能,将配置文件中对应的属性值与配置类中的属性值进行映射,并将该配置类添加到IOC容器中 @EnableConfigurationProperties(ServerProperties.class) public class EmbeddedWebServerFactoryCustomizerAutoConfiguration { /** * Nested configuration if Tomcat is being used. */ @Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false) //导入的Servlet依赖为Tomcat,则创建Tomcat web服务工厂定制器 @ConditionalOnClass({ Tomcat.class, UpgradeProtocol.class }) public static class TomcatWebServerFactoryCustomizerConfiguration { @Bean public TomcatWebServerFactoryCustomizer tomcatWebServerFactoryCustomizer(Environment environment,ServerProperties serverProperties) { return new TomcatWebServerFactoryCustomizer(environment, serverProperties); } } ... }
1.X中通过EmbeddedServletContainerAutoConfiguration:嵌入式的Servlet容器自动配置类创建组件
@AutoConfigureOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE) @Configuration @ConditionalOnWebApplication @Import(BeanPostProcessorsRegistrar.class) //导入BeanPostProcessorsRegistrar:Spring注解版;给容器中导入一些组件 //导入了EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizerBeanPostProcessor: //后置处理器:bean初始化前后(创建完对象,还没赋值赋值)执行初始化工作 public class EmbeddedServletContainerAutoConfiguration { @Configuration @ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, Tomcat.class })//判断当前是否引入了Tomcat依赖; @ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = EmbeddedServletContainerFactory.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT)//判断当前容器没有用户自己定义EmbeddedServletContainerFactory:嵌入式的Servlet容器工厂;作用:创建嵌入式的Servlet容器 public static class EmbeddedTomcat { @Bean public TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory tomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory() { return new TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory(); } } /** * Nested configuration if Jetty is being used. */ @Configuration @ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, Server.class, Loader.class, WebAppContext.class }) @ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = EmbeddedServletContainerFactory.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT) public static class EmbeddedJetty { @Bean public JettyEmbeddedServletContainerFactory jettyEmbeddedServletContainerFactory() { return new JettyEmbeddedServletContainerFactory(); } } /** * Nested configuration if Undertow is being used. */ @Configuration @ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, Undertow.class, SslClientAuthMode.class }) @ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = EmbeddedServletContainerFactory.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT) public static class EmbeddedUndertow { @Bean public UndertowEmbeddedServletContainerFactory undertowEmbeddedServletContainerFactory() { return new UndertowEmbeddedServletContainerFactory(); } }
1)、EmbeddedServletContainerFactory(嵌入式Servlet容器工厂)
public interface EmbeddedServletContainerFactory { //获取嵌入式的Servlet容器 EmbeddedServletContainer getEmbeddedServletContainer( ServletContextInitializer... initializers); }
2)、EmbeddedServletContainer:(嵌入式的Servlet容器)
3)、以TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory为例
@Override public EmbeddedServletContainer getEmbeddedServletContainer( ServletContextInitializer... initializers) { //创建一个Tomcat Tomcat tomcat = new Tomcat(); //配置Tomcat的基本环节 File baseDir = (this.baseDirectory != null ? this.baseDirectory : createTempDir("tomcat")); tomcat.setBaseDir(baseDir.getAbsolutePath()); Connector connector = new Connector(this.protocol); tomcat.getService().addConnector(connector); customizeConnector(connector); tomcat.setConnector(connector); tomcat.getHost().setAutoDeploy(false); configureEngine(tomcat.getEngine()); for (Connector additionalConnector : this.additionalTomcatConnectors) { tomcat.getService().addConnector(additionalConnector); } prepareContext(tomcat.getHost(), initializers); //将配置好的Tomcat传入进去,返回一个EmbeddedServletContainer;并且启动Tomcat服务器 return getTomcatEmbeddedServletContainer(tomcat); }
4)、我们对嵌入式容器的配置修改是怎么生效?
ServerProperties、EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer
EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer:定制器帮我们修改了Servlet容器的配置?
怎么修改的原理?
5)、容器中导入了EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizerBeanPostProcessor
//初始化之前 @Override public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException { //如果当前初始化的是一个ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer类型的组件 if (bean instanceof ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer) { // postProcessBeforeInitialization((ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer) bean); } return bean; } private void postProcessBeforeInitialization( ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer bean) { //获取所有的定制器,调用每一个定制器的customize方法来给Servlet容器进行属性赋值; for (EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer customizer : getCustomizers()) { customizer.customize(bean); } } private Collection<EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer> getCustomizers() { if (this.customizers == null) { // Look up does not include the parent context this.customizers = new ArrayList<EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer>( this.beanFactory //从容器中获取所有这葛类型的组件:EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer //定制Servlet容器,给容器中可以添加一个EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer类型的组件 .getBeansOfType(EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer.class, false, false) .values()); Collections.sort(this.customizers, AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.INSTANCE); this.customizers = Collections.unmodifiableList(this.customizers); } return this.customizers; } ServerProperties也是定制器
步骤:
1)、SpringBoot根据导入的依赖情况,给容器中添加相应的EmbeddedServletContainerFactory【TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory】
2)、容器中某个组件要创建对象就会惊动后置处理器;EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizerBeanPostProcessor;
只要是嵌入式的Servlet容器工厂,后置处理器就工作;
3)、后置处理器,从容器中获取所有的EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer,调用定制器的定制方法
5)、嵌入式Servlet容器启动原理;
什么时候创建嵌入式的Servlet容器工厂?什么时候获取嵌入式的Servlet容器并启动Tomcat;
获取嵌入式的Servlet容器工厂:
1)、SpringBoot应用启动运行run方法
2)、refreshContext(context);SpringBoot刷新IOC容器【创建IOC容器对象,并初始化容器,创建容器中的每一个组件】;如果是web应用创建AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext,否则:AnnotationConfigApplicationContext
3)、refresh(context);刷新刚才创建好的ioc容器;
public void refresh() throws BeansException, IllegalStateException { synchronized (this.startupShutdownMonitor) { // Prepare this context for refreshing. prepareRefresh(); // Tell the subclass to refresh the internal bean factory. ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = obtainFreshBeanFactory(); // Prepare the bean factory for use in this context. prepareBeanFactory(beanFactory); try { // Allows post-processing of the bean factory in context subclasses. postProcessBeanFactory(beanFactory); // Invoke factory processors registered as beans in the context. invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(beanFactory); // Register bean processors that intercept bean creation. registerBeanPostProcessors(beanFactory); // Initialize message source for this context. initMessageSource(); // Initialize event multicaster for this context. initApplicationEventMulticaster(); // Initialize other special beans in specific context subclasses. onRefresh(); // Check for listener beans and register them. registerListeners(); // Instantiate all remaining (non-lazy-init) singletons. finishBeanFactoryInitialization(beanFactory); // Last step: publish corresponding event. finishRefresh(); } catch (BeansException ex) { if (logger.isWarnEnabled()) { logger.warn("Exception encountered during context initialization - " + "cancelling refresh attempt: " + ex); } // Destroy already created singletons to avoid dangling resources. destroyBeans(); // Reset 'active' flag. cancelRefresh(ex); // Propagate exception to caller. throw ex; } finally { // Reset common introspection caches in Spring's core, since we // might not ever need metadata for singleton beans anymore... resetCommonCaches(); } } }
4)、 onRefresh(); web的ioc容器重写了onRefresh方法
5)、webioc容器会创建嵌入式的Servlet容器;createEmbeddedServletContainer();
6)、获取嵌入式的Servlet容器工厂:
EmbeddedServletContainerFactory containerFactory = getEmbeddedServletContainerFactory();
从ioc容器中获取EmbeddedServletContainerFactory 组件;TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory创建对象,后置处理器一看是这个对象,就获取所有的定制器来先定制Servlet容器的相关配置;
7)、使用容器工厂获取嵌入式的Servlet容器:this.embeddedServletContainer = containerFactory .getEmbeddedServletContainer(getSelfInitializer());
8)、嵌入式的Servlet容器创建对象并启动Servlet容器;
先启动嵌入式的Servlet容器,再将ioc容器中剩下没有创建出的对象获取出来;
IOC容器启动创建嵌入式的Servlet容器
使用外置的Servlet容器
嵌入式Servlet容器:应用打成可执行的jar
优点:简单、便携;
缺点:默认不支持JSP、优化定制比较复杂(使用定制器【ServerProperties、自定义EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer】,自己编写嵌入式Servlet容器的创建工厂【EmbeddedServletContainerFactory】);
外置的Servlet容器:外面安装Tomcat---应用war包的方式打包;
步骤
1)、必须创建一个war项目;(利用idea创建好目录结构)
2)、将嵌入式的Tomcat指定为provided;
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency>
3)、必须编写一个SpringBootServletInitializer的子类,并调用configure方法
public class ServletInitializer extends SpringBootServletInitializer { @Override protected SpringApplicationBuilder configure(SpringApplicationBuilder application) { //传入SpringBoot应用的主程序 return application.sources(SpringBoot04WebJspApplication.class); } }
4)、启动服务器就可以使用;
原理
jar包:执行SpringBoot主类的main方法,启动ioc容器,创建嵌入式的Servlet容器;
war包:启动服务器,服务器启动SpringBoot应用【SpringBootServletInitializer】,启动ioc容器;
servlet3.0(Spring注解版):
8.2.4 Shared libraries / runtimes pluggability:
规则:
1)、服务器启动(web应用启动)会创建当前web应用里面每一个jar包里面ServletContainerInitializer实例:
2)、ServletContainerInitializer的实现放在jar包的META-INF/services文件夹下,有一个名为javax.servlet.ServletContainerInitializer的文件,内容就是ServletContainerInitializer的实现类的全类名
3)、还可以使用@HandlesTypes,在应用启动的时候加载我们感兴趣的类;
流程:
1)、启动Tomcat
2)、org\springframework\spring-web\4.3.14.RELEASE\spring-web-4.3.14.RELEASE.jar!\META-INF\services\javax.servlet.ServletContainerInitializer:
Spring的web模块里面有这个文件:org.springframework.web.SpringServletContainerInitializer
3)、SpringServletContainerInitializer将@HandlesTypes(WebApplicationInitializer.class)标注的所有这个类型的类都传入到onStartup方法的Set<Class<?>>;为这些WebApplicationInitializer类型的类创建实例;
4)、每一个WebApplicationInitializer都调用自己的onStartup;
5)、相当于我们的SpringBootServletInitializer的类会被创建对象,并执行onStartup方法
6)、SpringBootServletInitializer实例执行onStartup的时候会createRootApplicationContext;创建容器
protected WebApplicationContext createRootApplicationContext( ServletContext servletContext) { //1、创建SpringApplicationBuilder SpringApplicationBuilder builder = createSpringApplicationBuilder(); StandardServletEnvironment environment = new StandardServletEnvironment(); environment.initPropertySources(servletContext, null); builder.environment(environment); builder.main(getClass()); ApplicationContext parent = getExistingRootWebApplicationContext(servletContext); if (parent != null) { this.logger.info("Root context already created (using as parent)."); servletContext.setAttribute( WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, null); builder.initializers(new ParentContextApplicationContextInitializer(parent)); } builder.initializers( new ServletContextApplicationContextInitializer(servletContext)); builder.contextClass(AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext.class); //调用configure方法,子类重写了这个方法,将SpringBoot的主程序类传入了进来 builder = configure(builder); //使用builder创建一个Spring应用 SpringApplication application = builder.build(); if (application.getSources().isEmpty() && AnnotationUtils .findAnnotation(getClass(), Configuration.class) != null) { application.getSources().add(getClass()); } Assert.state(!application.getSources().isEmpty(), "No SpringApplication sources have been defined. Either override the " + "configure method or add an @Configuration annotation"); // Ensure error pages are registered if (this.registerErrorPageFilter) { application.getSources().add(ErrorPageFilterConfiguration.class); } //启动Spring应用 return run(application); }
7)、Spring的应用就启动并且创建IOC容器
public ConfigurableApplicationContext run(String... args) { StopWatch stopWatch = new StopWatch(); stopWatch.start(); ConfigurableApplicationContext context = null; FailureAnalyzers analyzers = null; configureHeadlessProperty(); SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners = getRunListeners(args); listeners.starting(); try { ApplicationArguments applicationArguments = new DefaultApplicationArguments( args); ConfigurableEnvironment environment = prepareEnvironment(listeners, applicationArguments); Banner printedBanner = printBanner(environment); context = createApplicationContext(); analyzers = new FailureAnalyzers(context); prepareContext(context, environment, listeners, applicationArguments, printedBanner); //刷新IOC容器 refreshContext(context); afterRefresh(context, applicationArguments); listeners.finished(context, null); stopWatch.stop(); if (this.logStartupInfo) { new StartupInfoLogger(this.mainApplicationClass) .logStarted(getApplicationLog(), stopWatch); } return context; } catch (Throwable ex) { handleRunFailure(context, listeners, analyzers, ex); throw new IllegalStateException(ex); } }
启动Servlet容器,再启动SpringBoot应用
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