C++实现LeetCode(170.两数之和之三 - 数据结构设计)

[LeetCode] 170. Two Sum III - Data structure design 两数之和之三 - 数据结构设计

Design and implement a TwoSum class. It should support the following operations: add and find.

add - Add the number to an internal data structure.
find - Find if there exists any pair of numbers which sum is equal to the value.

Example 1:

add(1); add(3); add(5);
find(4) -> true
find(7) -> false

Example 2:

add(3); add(1); add(2);
find(3) -> true
find(6) -> false

这道题让我们设计一个 Two Sum 的数据结构,跟 LeetCode 的第一道题 Two Sum 没有什么太大的区别,作为 LeetCode 的首题,Two Sum 的名气不小啊,正所谓平生不会 TwoSum,刷尽 LeetCode 也枉然。记得原来在背单词的时候,总是记得第一个单词是 abandon,结果有些人背来背去还在 abandon,有时候想想刷题其实跟背 GRE 红宝书没啥太大的区别,都是一个熟练功夫,并不需要有多高的天赋,只要下足功夫,都能达到一个很不错的水平,套用一句鸡汤问来激励下吧,“有些时候我们的努力程度根本达不到需要拼天赋的地步”,好了,不闲扯了,来看题吧。不过这题也没啥可讲的,会做 Two Sum 的这题就很简单了,先来看用 HashMap 的解法,把每个数字和其出现的次数建立映射,然后遍历 HashMap,对于每个值,先求出此值和目标值之间的差值t,然后需要分两种情况来看,如果当前值不等于差值t,那么只要 HashMap 中有差值t就返回 True,或者是当差值t等于当前值时,如果此时 HashMap 的映射次数大于1,则表示 HashMap 中还有另一个和当前值相等的数字,二者相加就是目标值,参见代码如下:

解法一:

class TwoSum {
public:
    void add(int number) {
        ++m[number];
    }
    bool find(int value) {
        for (auto a : m) {
            int t = value - a.first;
            if ((t != a.first && m.count(t)) || (t == a.first && a.second > 1)) {
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }
private:
    unordered_map<int, int> m;
};

另一种解法不用 HashMap,而是 unordered_multiset 来做,但是原理和上面一样,参见代码如下:

解法二:

class TwoSum {
public:
    void add(int number) {
        s.insert(number);
    }
    bool find(int value) {
        for (auto a : s) {
            int cnt = a == value - a ? 1 : 0;
            if (s.count(value - a) > cnt) {
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }
private:
    unordered_multiset<int> s;
};

Github 同步地址:

https://github.com/grandyang/leetcode/issues/170

类似题目:

Two Sum

Unique Word Abbreviation

Two Sum IV - Input is a BST

参考资料:

https://leetcode.com/problems/two-sum-iii-data-structure-design/

https://leetcode.com/problems/two-sum-iii-data-structure-design/discuss/52015/Beats-100-Java-Code

https://leetcode.com/problems/two-sum-iii-data-structure-design/discuss/52035/My-solutions-in-Java-C%2B%2B-and-Python.-O(1)-time-for-add-O(n)-time-for-find-O(n)-space

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