spring boot如何实现切割分片上传
这篇文章主要介绍了spring boot如何实现切割分片上传,文中通过示例代码介绍的非常详细,对大家的学习或者工作具有一定的参考学习价值,需要的朋友可以参考下
文件上传是web开发中经常会遇到的
springboot的默认配置为10MB,大于10M的是传不上服务器的,需要修改默认配置
但是如果修改支持大文件又会增加服务器的负担。
当文件大于一定程度时,不仅服务器会占用大量内存,而且http传输极可能会中断。
可以采用切割分片上传
html5提供的文件API中可以轻松的对文件进行分割切片,然后通过ajax异步处理向服务器传输数据,突破对大文件上传的限制,
同时异步处理在一定程度上也提高了文件上传的效率。
过程描述:
- 将文件分割成N片
- 处理分片,前台会多次调用上传接口,每次都会上传文件的一部分到服务端
- N个分片都上传完成后,将N个文件合并为一个文件,并将N个分片文件删除
1.服务端
(1)添加依赖
<dependency> <groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId> <artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId> <version>1.3.3</version> </dependency>
(2)UploadController
package com.example.demo.controller; import com.example.demo.core.Result; import org.apache.commons.fileupload.servlet.ServletFileUpload; import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.CrossOrigin; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody; import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import java.io.File; import java.io.FileOutputStream; import java.io.IOException; import java.text.SimpleDateFormat; import java.util.Date; @CrossOrigin @Controller @RequestMapping("/api/upload") public class UploadController { @PostMapping("/part") @ResponseBody public Result bigFile(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, String guid, Integer chunk, MultipartFile file, Integer chunks) { try { String projectUrl = System.getProperty("user.dir").replaceAll("\\\\", "/"); ; boolean isMultipart = ServletFileUpload.isMultipartContent(request); if (isMultipart) { if (chunk == null) chunk = 0; // 临时目录用来存放所有分片文件 String tempFileDir = projectUrl + "/upload/" + guid; File parentFileDir = new File(tempFileDir); if (!parentFileDir.exists()) { parentFileDir.mkdirs(); } // 分片处理时,前台会多次调用上传接口,每次都会上传文件的一部分到后台 File tempPartFile = new File(parentFileDir, guid + "_" + chunk + ".part"); FileUtils.copyInputStreamToFile(file.getInputStream(), tempPartFile); } } catch (Exception e) { return Result.failMessage(400,e.getMessage()); } return Result.successMessage(200,"上次成功"); } @RequestMapping("merge") @ResponseBody public Result mergeFile(String guid, String fileName) { // 得到 destTempFile 就是最终的文件 String projectUrl = System.getProperty("user.dir").replaceAll("\\\\", "/"); try { String sname = fileName.substring(fileName.lastIndexOf(".")); //时间格式化格式 Date currentTime = new Date(); SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMddHHmmssSSS"); //获取当前时间并作为时间戳 String timeStamp = simpleDateFormat.format(currentTime); //拼接新的文件名 String newName = timeStamp + sname; simpleDateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMM"); String path = projectUrl + "/upload/"; String tmp = simpleDateFormat.format(currentTime); File parentFileDir = new File(path + guid); if (parentFileDir.isDirectory()) { File destTempFile = new File(path + tmp, newName); if (!destTempFile.exists()) { //先得到文件的上级目录,并创建上级目录,在创建文件 destTempFile.getParentFile().mkdir(); try { destTempFile.createNewFile(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } for (int i = 0; i < parentFileDir.listFiles().length; i++) { File partFile = new File(parentFileDir, guid + "_" + i + ".part"); FileOutputStream destTempfos = new FileOutputStream(destTempFile, true); //遍历"所有分片文件"到"最终文件"中 FileUtils.copyFile(partFile, destTempfos); destTempfos.close(); } // 删除临时目录中的分片文件 FileUtils.deleteDirectory(parentFileDir); return Result.successMessage(200,"合并成功"); }else{ return Result.failMessage(400,"没找到目录"); } } catch (Exception e) { return Result.failMessage(400,e.getMessage()); } } }
说明:
注解 @CrossOrigin 解决跨域问题
(3)Result
package com.example.demo.core; import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON; /** * Created by Beibei on 19/02/22 * API响应结果 */ public class Result<T> { private int code; private String message; private T data; public Result setCode(Integer code) { this.code = code; return this; } public int getCode() { return code; } public String getMessage() { return message; } public Result setMessage(String message) { this.message = message; return this; } public T getData() { return data; } public Result setData(T data) { this.data = data; return this; } @Override public String toString() { return JSON.toJSONString(this); } public static <T> Result<T> fail(Integer code,T data) { Result<T> ret = new Result<T>(); ret.setCode(code); ret.setData(data); return ret; } public static <T> Result<T> failMessage(Integer code,String msg) { Result<T> ret = new Result<T>(); ret.setCode(code); ret.setMessage(msg); return ret; } public static <T> Result<T> successMessage(Integer code,String msg) { Result<T> ret = new Result<T>(); ret.setCode(code); ret.setMessage(msg); return ret; } public static <T> Result<T> success(Integer code,T data) { Result<T> ret = new Result<T>(); ret.setCode(code); ret.setData(data); return ret; } }
2.前端
(1)使用插件
webuploader,下载 https://github.com/fex-team/webuploader/releases
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <link href="css/webuploader.css" rel="external nofollow" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="jquery-1.10.1.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="dist/webuploader.min.js"></script> </head> <body> <div id="uploader"> <div class="btns"> <div id="picker">选择文件</div> <button id="startBtn" class="btn btn-default">开始上传</button> </div> </div> </body> <script type="text/javascript"> var GUID = WebUploader.Base.guid();//一个GUID var uploader = WebUploader.create({ // swf文件路径 swf: 'dist/Uploader.swf', // 文件接收服务端。 server: 'http://localhost:8080/api/upload/part', formData:{ guid : GUID }, pick: '#picker', chunked : true, // 分片处理 chunkSize : 1 * 1024 * 1024, // 每片1M, chunkRetry : false,// 如果失败,则不重试 threads : 1,// 上传并发数。允许同时最大上传进程数。 resize: false }); $("#startBtn").click(function () { uploader.upload(); }); //当文件上传成功时触发。 uploader.on( "uploadSuccess", function( file ) { $.post('http://localhost:8080/api/upload/merge', { guid: GUID, fileName: file.name}, function (data) { if(data.code == 200){ alert('上传成功!'); } }); }); </script> </html>
(2)不使用插件
直接用HTML5的File API
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <script src="jquery-1.10.1.min.js" type="text/javascript"> </script> <meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv="Content-Type"/> </head> <body> <div id="uploader"> <div class="btns"> <input id="file" name="file" type="file"/> <br> <br> <button id="startBtn"> 开始上传 </button> </br> </br> </div> <div id="output"> </div> </div> </body> <script type="text/javascript"> var status = 0; var page = { init: function(){ $("#startBtn").click($.proxy(this.upload, this)); }, upload: function(){ status = 0; var GUID = this.guid(); var file = $("#file")[0].files[0], //文件对象 name = file.name, //文件名 size = file.size; //总大小 var shardSize = 20 * 1024 * 1024, //以1MB为一个分片 shardCount = Math.ceil(size / shardSize); //总片数 for(var i = 0;i < shardCount;++i){ //计算每一片的起始与结束位置 var start = i * shardSize, end = Math.min(size, start + shardSize); var partFile = file.slice(start,end); this.partUpload(GUID,partFile,name,shardCount,i); } }, partUpload:function(GUID,partFile,name,chunks,chunk){ //构造一个表单,FormData是HTML5新增的 var now = this; var form = new FormData(); form.append("guid", GUID); form.append("file", partFile); //slice方法用于切出文件的一部分 form.append("fileName", name); form.append("chunks", chunks); //总片数 form.append("chunk", chunk); //当前是第几片 //Ajax提交 $.ajax({ url: "http://localhost:8080/api/upload/part", type: "POST", data: form, async: true, //异步 processData: false, //很重要,告诉jquery不要对form进行处理 contentType: false, //很重要,指定为false才能形成正确的Content-Type success: function(data){ status++; if(data.code == 200){ $("#output").html(status+ " / " + chunks); } if(status==chunks){ now.mergeFile(GUID,name); } } }); }, mergeFile:function(GUID,name){ var formMerge = new FormData(); formMerge.append("guid", GUID); formMerge.append("fileName", name); $.ajax({ url: "http://localhost:8080/api/upload/merge", type: "POST", data: formMerge, processData: false, //很重要,告诉jquery不要对form进行处理 contentType: false, //很重要,指定为false才能形成正确的Content-Type success: function(data){ if(data.code == 200){ alert('上传成功!'); } } }); }, guid:function(prefix){ var counter = 0; var guid = (+new Date()).toString( 32 ), i = 0; for ( ; i < 5; i++ ) { guid += Math.floor( Math.random() * 65535 ).toString( 32 ); } return (prefix || 'wu_') + guid + (counter++).toString( 32 ); } }; $(function(){ page.init(); }); </script> </html>
3.优化
springboot的默认配置为10MB,前端分片改为20M时,就会报错
org.apache.tomcat.util.http.fileupload.FileUploadBase$SizeLimitExceededException: the request was rejected because its size (10486839) exceeds the configured maximum (10485760)
解决方法:
在 src/main/resources 下的 application.properties里添加
spring.servlet.multipart.max-file-size=30MB spring.servlet.multipart.max-request-size=35MB
说明:
设置的数值虽好比前端传过来的大,要不容易报错
以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持我们。
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