SpringBoot整合RabbitMQ实战教程附死信交换机

目录

• 前言
• 环境
• 配置
• 配置文件
• 业务消费者
• 死信消费者
• 测试

前言

使用springboot，实现以下功能，有两个队列1、2，往里面发送消息，如果处理失败发生异常，可以重试3次，重试3次均失败，那么就将消息发送到死信队列进行统一处理，例如记录数据库、报警等
完整demo项目代码https://gitee.com/daenmax/rabbit-mq-demo

环境

Windows10，IDEA，otp_win64_25.0，rabbitmq-server-3.10.4
1.双击C:\Program Files\RabbitMQ Server\rabbitmq_server-3.10.4\sbin\rabbitmq-server.bat启动MQ服务
2.然后访问http://localhost:15672/，默认账号密码均为guest，
3.手动添加一个虚拟主机为admin_host，手动创建一个用户账号密码均为admin

pom.xml

        <!-- RabbitMQ -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
            <version>2.7.0</version>
        </dependency>

配置

spring:
  rabbitmq:
    host: 127.0.0.1
    port: 5672
    username: admin
    password: admin
    virtual-host: admin_host
    publisher-confirm-type: correlated
    publisher-returns: true
    listener:
      simple:
        acknowledge-mode: manual
        retry:
          enabled: true    #开启失败重试
          max-attempts: 3    #最大重试次数
          initial-interval: 1000  #重试间隔时间 毫秒

配置文件

RabbitConfig

package com.example.rabitmqdemo.mydemo.config;

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.*;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

/**
 * Broker:它提供一种传输服务,它的角色就是维护一条从生产者到消费者的路线，保证数据能按照指定的方式进行传输,
 * Exchange：消息交换机,它指定消息按什么规则,路由到哪个队列。
 * Queue:消息的载体,每个消息都会被投到一个或多个队列。
 * Binding:绑定，它的作用就是把exchange和queue按照路由规则绑定起来.
 * Routing Key:路由关键字,exchange根据这个关键字进行消息投递。
 * vhost:虚拟主机,一个broker里可以有多个vhost，用作不同用户的权限分离。
 * Producer:消息生产者,就是投递消息的程序.
 * Consumer:消息消费者,就是接受消息的程序.
 * Channel:消息通道,在客户端的每个连接里,可建立多个channel.
 */
@Slf4j
@Component
public class RabbitConfig {
    //业务交换机
    public static final String EXCHANGE_PHCP = "phcp";
    //业务队列1
    public static final String QUEUE_COMPANY = "company";
    //业务队列1的key
    public static final String ROUTINGKEY_COMPANY = "companyKey";
    //业务队列2
    public static final String QUEUE_PROJECT = "project";
    //业务队列2的key
    public static final String ROUTINGKEY_PROJECT = "projectKey";

    //死信交换机
    public static final String EXCHANGE_PHCP_DEAD = "phcp_dead";
    //死信队列1
    public static final String QUEUE_COMPANY_DEAD = "company_dead";
    //死信队列2
    public static final String QUEUE_PROJECT_DEAD = "project_dead";
    //死信队列1的key
    public static final String ROUTINGKEY_COMPANY_DEAD = "companyKey_dead";
    //死信队列2的key
    public static final String ROUTINGKEY_PROJECT_DEAD = "projectKey_dead";

//    /**
//     * 解决重复确认报错问题，如果没有报错的话，就不用启用这个
//     *
//     * @param connectionFactory
//     * @return
//     */
//    @Bean
//    public RabbitListenerContainerFactory<?> rabbitListenerContainerFactory(ConnectionFactory connectionFactory) {
//        SimpleRabbitListenerContainerFactory factory = new SimpleRabbitListenerContainerFactory();
//        factory.setConnectionFactory(connectionFactory);
//        factory.setMessageConverter(new Jackson2JsonMessageConverter());
//        factory.setAcknowledgeMode(AcknowledgeMode.MANUAL);
//        return factory;
//    }

    /**
     * 声明业务交换机
     * 1. 设置交换机类型
     * 2. 将队列绑定到交换机
     * FanoutExchange: 将消息分发到所有的绑定队列，无routingkey的概念
     * HeadersExchange ：通过添加属性key-value匹配
     * DirectExchange:按照routingkey分发到指定队列
     * TopicExchange:多关键字匹配
     */
    @Bean("exchangePhcp")
    public DirectExchange exchangePhcp() {
        return new DirectExchange(EXCHANGE_PHCP);
    }

     * 声明死信交换机
    @Bean("exchangePhcpDead")
    public DirectExchange exchangePhcpDead() {
        return new DirectExchange(EXCHANGE_PHCP_DEAD);

     * 声明业务队列1
     *
     * @return
    @Bean("queueCompany")
    public Queue queueCompany() {
        Map<String,Object> arguments = new HashMap<>(2);
        arguments.put("x-dead-letter-exchange",EXCHANGE_PHCP_DEAD);
        //绑定该队列到死信交换机的队列1
        arguments.put("x-dead-letter-routing-key",ROUTINGKEY_COMPANY_DEAD);
        return QueueBuilder.durable(QUEUE_COMPANY).withArguments(arguments).build();
     * 声明业务队列2
    @Bean("queueProject")
    public Queue queueProject() {
        //绑定该队列到死信交换机的队列2
        arguments.put("x-dead-letter-routing-key",ROUTINGKEY_PROJECT_DEAD);
        return QueueBuilder.durable(QUEUE_PROJECT).withArguments(arguments).build();

     * 声明死信队列1
    @Bean("queueCompanyDead")
    public Queue queueCompanyDead() {
        return new Queue(QUEUE_COMPANY_DEAD);
     * 声明死信队列2
    @Bean("queueProjectDead")
    public Queue queueProjectDead() {
        return new Queue(QUEUE_PROJECT_DEAD);

     * 绑定业务队列1和业务交换机
     * @param queue
     * @param directExchange
    @Bean
    public Binding bindingQueueCompany(@Qualifier("queueCompany") Queue queue, @Qualifier("exchangePhcp") DirectExchange directExchange) {
        return BindingBuilder.bind(queue).to(directExchange).with(RabbitConfig.ROUTINGKEY_COMPANY);

     * 绑定业务队列2和业务交换机
    public Binding bindingQueueProject(@Qualifier("queueProject") Queue queue, @Qualifier("exchangePhcp") DirectExchange directExchange) {
        return BindingBuilder.bind(queue).to(directExchange).with(RabbitConfig.ROUTINGKEY_PROJECT);

     * 绑定死信队列1和死信交换机
    public Binding bindingQueueCompanyDead(@Qualifier("queueCompanyDead") Queue queue, @Qualifier("exchangePhcpDead") DirectExchange directExchange) {
        return BindingBuilder.bind(queue).to(directExchange).with(RabbitConfig.ROUTINGKEY_COMPANY_DEAD);

     * 绑定死信队列2和死信交换机
    public Binding bindingQueueProjectDead(@Qualifier("queueProjectDead") Queue queue, @Qualifier("exchangePhcpDead") DirectExchange directExchange) {
        return BindingBuilder.bind(queue).to(directExchange).with(RabbitConfig.ROUTINGKEY_PROJECT_DEAD);
}

生产者

RabbltProducer

package com.example.rabitmqdemo.mydemo.producer;
import com.example.rabitmqdemo.mydemo.config.RabbitConfig;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.*;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.CorrelationData;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.util.UUID;
@Component
@Slf4j
public class RabbltProducer implements RabbitTemplate.ConfirmCallback, RabbitTemplate.ReturnsCallback{
    @Resource
    private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
    /**
     * 初始化消息确认函数
     */
    @PostConstruct
    public void init() {
        rabbitTemplate.setConfirmCallback(this);
        rabbitTemplate.setReturnsCallback(this);
        rabbitTemplate.setMandatory(true);
    }
    /**
     * 发送消息服务器确认函数
     * @param correlationData
     * @param ack
     * @param cause
     */
    @Override
    public void confirm(CorrelationData correlationData, boolean ack, String cause) {
        if (ack) {
            System.out.println("消息发送成功" + correlationData);
        } else {
            System.out.println("消息发送失败:" + cause);
        }
    }
    /**
     * 消息发送失败，消息回调函数
     * @param returnedMessage
     */
    @Override
    public void returnedMessage(ReturnedMessage returnedMessage) {
        String str = new String(returnedMessage.getMessage().getBody());
        System.out.println("消息发送失败：" + str);
    }
    /**
     * 处理消息发送到队列1
     * @param str
     */
    public void sendCompany(String str){
        MessageProperties messageProperties = new MessageProperties();
        messageProperties.setContentType("application/json");
        Message message = new Message(str.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8),messageProperties);
        CorrelationData correlationData = new CorrelationData(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
        this.rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(RabbitConfig.EXCHANGE_PHCP,RabbitConfig.ROUTINGKEY_COMPANY,message,correlationData);
        //也可以用下面的方式
        //CorrelationData correlationData = new CorrelationData(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
        //this.rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(RabbitConfig.EXCHANGE_PHCP,RabbitConfig.ROUTINGKEY_COMPANY,str,correlationData);
    }
    /**
     * 处理消息发送到队列2
     * @param str
     */
    public void sendProject(String str){
        MessageProperties messageProperties = new MessageProperties();
        messageProperties.setContentType("application/json");
        Message message = new Message(str.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8),messageProperties);
        CorrelationData correlationData = new CorrelationData(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
        this.rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(RabbitConfig.EXCHANGE_PHCP,RabbitConfig.ROUTINGKEY_PROJECT,message,correlationData);
        //也可以用下面的方式
        //CorrelationData correlationData = new CorrelationData(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
        //this.rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(RabbitConfig.EXCHANGE_PHCP,RabbitConfig.ROUTINGKEY_PROJECT,str,correlationData);
    }
}

业务消费者

RabbitConsumer

package com.example.rabitmqdemo.mydemo.consumer;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.io.IOException;
/**
 * 监听业务交换机
 * @author JeWang
 */
@Component
@Slf4j
public class RabbitConsumer {
    /**
     * 监听业务队列1
     * @param message
     * @param channel
     * @throws IOException
     */
    @RabbitListener(queues = "company")
    public void company(Message message, Channel channel) throws IOException {
        try{
            System.out.println("次数" + message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag());
            channel.basicQos(1);
            Thread.sleep(2000);
            String s = new String(message.getBody());
            log.info("处理消息"+s);
            //下面两行是尝试手动抛出异常，用来测试重试次数和发送到死信交换机
            //String str = null;
            //str.split("1");
            //处理成功，确认应答
            channel.basicAck(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(), false);
        }catch (Exception e){
            log.error("处理消息时发生异常："+e.getMessage());
            Boolean redelivered = message.getMessageProperties().getRedelivered();
            if(redelivered){
                log.error("异常重试次数已到达设置次数，将发送到死信交换机");
                channel.basicReject(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(),false);
            }else {
                log.error("消息即将返回队列处理重试");
                channel.basicNack(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(), false, true);
            }
        }
    }
    /**
     * 监听业务队列2
     * @param message
     * @param channel
     * @throws IOException
     */
    @RabbitListener(queues = "project")
    public void project(Message message, Channel channel) throws IOException {
        try{
            System.out.println("次数" + message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag());
            channel.basicQos(1);
            Thread.sleep(2000);
            String s = new String(message.getBody());
            log.info("处理消息"+s);
            //下面两行是尝试手动抛出异常，用来测试重试次数和发送到死信交换机
            //String str = null;
            //str.split("1");
            //处理成功，确认应答
            channel.basicAck(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(), false);
        }catch (Exception e){
            log.error("处理消息时发生异常："+e.getMessage());
            Boolean redelivered = message.getMessageProperties().getRedelivered();
            if(redelivered){
                log.error("异常重试次数已到达设置次数，将发送到死信交换机");
                channel.basicReject(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(),false);
            }else {
                log.error("消息即将返回队列处理重试");
                channel.basicNack(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(), false, true);
            }
        }
    }
}

死信消费者

RabbitConsumer

package com.example.rabitmqdemo.mydemo.consumer;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.io.IOException;
/**
 * 监听死信交换机
 * @author JeWang
 */
@Component
@Slf4j
public class RabbitConsumerDead {
    /**
     * 处理死信队列1
     * @param message
     * @param channel
     * @throws IOException
     */
    @RabbitListener(queues = "company_dead")
    public void company_dead(Message message, Channel channel) throws IOException {
        try{
            channel.basicQos(1);
            String s = new String(message.getBody());
            log.info("处理死信"+s);
            //在此处记录到数据库、报警之类的操作
            channel.basicAck(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(), false);
        }catch (Exception e){
            log.error("接收异常："+e.getMessage());
        }
    }
    /**
     * 处理死信队列2
     * @param message
     * @param channel
     * @throws IOException
     */
    @RabbitListener(queues = "project_dead")
    public void project_dead(Message message, Channel channel) throws IOException {
        try{
            channel.basicQos(1);
            String s = new String(message.getBody());
            log.info("处理死信"+s);
            //在此处记录到数据库、报警之类的操作
            channel.basicAck(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(), false);
        }catch (Exception e){
            log.error("接收异常："+e.getMessage());
        }
    }
}

测试

MqController

package com.example.rabitmqdemo.mydemo.controller;
import com.example.rabitmqdemo.mydemo.producer.RabbltProducer;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
@RequestMapping("/def")
@RestController
@Slf4j
public class MsgController {
    @Resource
    private RabbltProducer rabbltProducer;

    @RequestMapping("/handleCompany")
    public void handleCompany(@RequestBody String jsonStr){
        rabbltProducer.sendCompany(jsonStr);
    }
}

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