java高并发之线程组详解
目录
- 线程组
- 创建线程关联线程组
- 为线程组指定父线程组
- 根线程组
- 批量停止线程
- 总结
线程组
我们可以把线程归属到某个线程组中,线程组可以包含多个线程以及线程组,线程和线程组组成了父子关系,是个树形结构,如下图:
使用线程组可以方便管理线程,线程组提供了一些方法方便方便我们管理线程。
创建线程关联线程组
创建线程的时候,可以给线程指定一个线程组,代码如下:
package com.itsoku.chat02; import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; /** * <b>description</b>:<br> * <b>time</b>:2019/7/13 17:53 <br> * <b>author</b>:微信公众号:路人甲Java,专注于java技术分享(带你玩转 爬虫、分布式事务、异步消息服务、任务调度、分库分表、大数据等),喜欢请关注! */ public class Demo1 { public static class R1 implements Runnable { @Override public void run() { System.out.println("threadName:" + Thread.currentThread().getName()); try { TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException { ThreadGroup threadGroup = new ThreadGroup("thread-group-1"); Thread t1 = new Thread(threadGroup, new R1(), "t1"); Thread t2 = new Thread(threadGroup, new R1(), "t2"); t1.start(); t2.start(); TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1); System.out.println("活动线程数:" + threadGroup.activeCount()); System.out.println("活动线程组:" + threadGroup.activeGroupCount()); System.out.println("线程组名称:" + threadGroup.getName()); } }
输出结果:
threadName:t1
threadName:t2
活动线程数:2
活动线程组:0
线程组名称:thread-group-1
activeCount()方法可以返回线程组中的所有活动线程数,包含下面的所有子孙节点的线程,由于线程组中的线程是动态变化的,这个值只能是一个估算值。
为线程组指定父线程组
创建线程组的时候,可以给其指定一个父线程组,也可以不指定,如果不指定父线程组,则父线程组为当前线程的线程组,java api有2个常用的构造方法用来创建线程组:
public ThreadGroup(String name) public ThreadGroup(ThreadGroup parent, String name)
第一个构造方法未指定父线程组,看一下内部的实现:
public ThreadGroup(String name) { this(Thread.currentThread().getThreadGroup(), name); }
系统自动获取当前线程的线程组作为默认父线程组。
上一段示例代码:
package com.itsoku.chat02; import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; /** * <b>description</b>:<br> * <b>time</b>:2019/7/13 17:53 <br> * <b>author</b>:微信公众号:路人甲Java,专注于java技术分享(带你玩转 爬虫、分布式事务、异步消息服务、任务调度、分库分表、大数据等),喜欢请关注! */ public class Demo2 { public static class R1 implements Runnable { @Override public void run() { Thread thread = Thread.currentThread(); System.out.println("所属线程组:" + thread.getThreadGroup().getName() + ",线程名称:" + thread.getName()); try { TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException { ThreadGroup threadGroup1 = new ThreadGroup("thread-group-1"); Thread t1 = new Thread(threadGroup1, new R1(), "t1"); Thread t2 = new Thread(threadGroup1, new R1(), "t2"); t1.start(); t2.start(); TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1); System.out.println("threadGroup1活动线程数:" + threadGroup1.activeCount()); System.out.println("threadGroup1活动线程组:" + threadGroup1.activeGroupCount()); System.out.println("threadGroup1线程组名称:" + threadGroup1.getName()); System.out.println("threadGroup1父线程组名称:" + threadGroup1.getParent().getName()); System.out.println("----------------------"); ThreadGroup threadGroup2 = new ThreadGroup(threadGroup1, "thread-group-2"); Thread t3 = new Thread(threadGroup2, new R1(), "t3"); Thread t4 = new Thread(threadGroup2, new R1(), "t4"); t3.start(); t4.start(); TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1); System.out.println("threadGroup2活动线程数:" + threadGroup2.activeCount()); System.out.println("threadGroup2活动线程组:" + threadGroup2.activeGroupCount()); System.out.println("threadGroup2线程组名称:" + threadGroup2.getName()); System.out.println("threadGroup2父线程组名称:" + threadGroup2.getParent().getName()); System.out.println("----------------------"); System.out.println("threadGroup1活动线程数:" + threadGroup1.activeCount()); System.out.println("threadGroup1活动线程组:" + threadGroup1.activeGroupCount()); System.out.println("----------------------"); threadGroup1.list(); } }
输出结果:
所属线程组:thread-group-1,线程名称:t1
所属线程组:thread-group-1,线程名称:t2
threadGroup1活动线程数:2
threadGroup1活动线程组:0
threadGroup1线程组名称:thread-group-1
threadGroup1父线程组名称:main
----------------------
所属线程组:thread-group-2,线程名称:t4
所属线程组:thread-group-2,线程名称:t3
threadGroup2活动线程数:2
threadGroup2活动线程组:0
threadGroup2线程组名称:thread-group-2
threadGroup2父线程组名称:thread-group-1
----------------------
threadGroup1活动线程数:4
threadGroup1活动线程组:1
----------------------
java.lang.ThreadGroup[name=thread-group-1,maxpri=10]
Thread[t1,5,thread-group-1]
Thread[t2,5,thread-group-1]
java.lang.ThreadGroup[name=thread-group-2,maxpri=10]
Thread[t3,5,thread-group-2]
Thread[t4,5,thread-group-2]
代码解释:
1.threadGroup1
未指定父线程组,系统获取了主线程的线程组作为threadGroup1的父线程组,输出结果中是:main
2.threadGroup1
为threadGroup2的父线程组
3.threadGroup1
活动线程数为4,包含了threadGroup1线程组中的t1、t2,以及子线程组threadGroup2中的t3、t4
4.线程组的list()方法,将线程组中的所有子孙节点信息输出到控制台,用于调试使用
根线程组
获取根线程组
package com.itsoku.chat02; /** * <b>description</b>:<br> * <b>time</b>:2019/7/13 17:53 <br> * <b>author</b>:微信公众号:路人甲Java,专注于java技术分享(带你玩转 爬虫、分布式事务、异步消息服务、任务调度、分库分表、大数据等),喜欢请关注! */ public class Demo3 { public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()); System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getThreadGroup()); System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getThreadGroup().getParent()); System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getThreadGroup().getParent().getParent()); } }
运行上面代码,输出:
Thread[main,5,main]
java.lang.ThreadGroup[name=main,maxpri=10]
java.lang.ThreadGroup[name=system,maxpri=10]
null
从上面代码可以看出:
1.主线程的线程组为main
2.根线程组为system
看一下ThreadGroup的源码:
private ThreadGroup() { // called from C code this.name = "system"; this.maxPriority = Thread.MAX_PRIORITY; this.parent = null; }
发现ThreadGroup默认构造方法是private的,是由c调用的,创建的正是system线程组。
批量停止线程
调用线程组interrupt(),会将线程组树下的所有子孙线程中断标志置为true,可以用来批量中断线程。
示例代码:
package com.itsoku.chat02; import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; /** * <b>description</b>:<br> * <b>time</b>:2019/7/13 17:53 <br> * <b>author</b>:微信公众号:路人甲Java,专注于java技术分享(带你玩转 爬虫、分布式事务、异步消息服务、任务调度、分库分表、大数据等),喜欢请关注! */ public class Demo4 { public static class R1 implements Runnable { @Override public void run() { Thread thread = Thread.currentThread(); System.out.println("所属线程组:" + thread.getThreadGroup().getName() + ",线程名称:" + thread.getName()); while (!thread.isInterrupted()) { ; } System.out.println("线程:" + thread.getName() + "停止了!"); } } public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException { ThreadGroup threadGroup1 = new ThreadGroup("thread-group-1"); Thread t1 = new Thread(threadGroup1, new R1(), "t1"); Thread t2 = new Thread(threadGroup1, new R1(), "t2"); t1.start(); t2.start(); ThreadGroup threadGroup2 = new ThreadGroup(threadGroup1, "thread-group-2"); Thread t3 = new Thread(threadGroup2, new R1(), "t3"); Thread t4 = new Thread(threadGroup2, new R1(), "t4"); t3.start(); t4.start(); TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1); System.out.println("-----------threadGroup1信息-----------"); threadGroup1.list(); System.out.println("----------------------"); System.out.println("停止线程组:" + threadGroup1.getName() + "中的所有子孙线程"); threadGroup1.interrupt(); TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2); System.out.println("----------threadGroup1停止后,输出信息------------"); threadGroup1.list(); } }
输出:
所属线程组:thread-group-1,线程名称:t1
所属线程组:thread-group-1,线程名称:t2
所属线程组:thread-group-2,线程名称:t3
所属线程组:thread-group-2,线程名称:t4
-----------threadGroup1信息-----------
java.lang.ThreadGroup[name=thread-group-1,maxpri=10]
Thread[t1,5,thread-group-1]
Thread[t2,5,thread-group-1]
java.lang.ThreadGroup[name=thread-group-2,maxpri=10]
Thread[t3,5,thread-group-2]
Thread[t4,5,thread-group-2]
----------------------
停止线程组:thread-group-1中的所有子孙线程
线程:t4停止了!
线程:t2停止了!
线程:t1停止了!
线程:t3停止了!
----------threadGroup1停止后,输出信息------------
java.lang.ThreadGroup[name=thread-group-1,maxpri=10]
java.lang.ThreadGroup[name=thread-group-2,maxpri=10]
停止线程之后,通过list()方法可以看出输出的信息中不包含已结束的线程了。
总结
本篇文章就到这里了,希望能够给你带来帮助,也希望您能够多多关注我们的更多内容!