教你用Python寻找重复文件并删除的脚本写法
在实际生活中,经常会有文件重复的困扰,即同一个文件可能既在A目录中,又在B目录中,更可恶的是,即便是同一个文件,文件名可能还不一样。在文件较少的情况下,该类情况还比较容易处理,最不济就是one by one的人工比较——即便如此,也很难保证你的眼神足够犀利。倘若文件很多,这岂不是个impossible mission?最近在看《Python UNIX和Linux系统管理指南》,里面就有有关“数据比较”的内容,在其基础上,结合实际整理如下。
该脚本主要包括以下模块:diskwalk,chechsum,find_dupes,delete。其中diskwalk模块是遍历文件的,给定路径,遍历输出该路径下的所有文件。chechsum模块是求文件的md5值。find_dupes导入了diskwalk和chechsum模块,根据md5的值来判断文件是否相同。delete是删除模块。具体如下:
1. diskwalk.py
import os,sys class diskwalk(object): def __init__(self,path): self.path = path def paths(self): path=self.path path_collection=[] for dirpath,dirnames,filenames in os.walk(path): for file in filenames: fullpath=os.path.join(dirpath,file) path_collection.append(fullpath) return path_collection if __name__ == '__main__': for file in diskwalk(sys.argv[1]).paths(): print file
2.chechsum.py
import hashlib,sys def create_checksum(path): fp = open(path) checksum = hashlib.md5() while True: buffer = fp.read(8192) if not buffer:break checksum.update(buffer) fp.close() checksum = checksum.digest() return checksum if __name__ == '__main__': create_checksum(sys.argv[1])
3. find_dupes.py
from checksum import create_checksum from diskwalk import diskwalk from os.path import getsize import sys def findDupes(path): record = {} dup = {} d = diskwalk(path) files = d.paths() for file in files: compound_key = (getsize(file),create_checksum(file)) if compound_key in record: dup[file] = record[compound_key] else: record[compound_key]=file return dup if __name__ == '__main__': for file in findDupes(sys.argv[1]).items(): print "The duplicate file is %s" % file[0] print "The original file is %s\n" % file[1]
findDupes函数返回了字典dup,该字典的键是重复的文件,值是原文件。这样就解答了很多人的疑惑,毕竟,你怎么确保你输出的是重复的文件呢?
4. delete.py
import os,sys class deletefile(object): def __init__(self,file): self.file=file def delete(self): print "Deleting %s" % self.file os.remove(self.file) def dryrun(self): print "Dry Run: %s [NOT DELETED]" % self.file def interactive(self): answer=raw_input("Do you really want to delete: %s [Y/N]" % self.file) if answer.upper() == 'Y': os.remove(self.file) else: print "Skiping: %s" % self.file return if __name__ == '__main__': from find_dupes import findDupes dup=findDupes(sys.argv[1]) for file in dup.iterkeys(): delete=deletefile(file) #delete.dryrun() delete.interactive() #delete.delete()
deletefile类构造了3个函数,实现的都是文件删除功能、其中delete函数是直接删除文件,dryrun函数是试运行,文件并没有删除,interactive函数是交互模式,让用户来确定是否删除。这充分了考虑了客户的需求。
总结:这四个模块已封装好,均可单独使用实现各自的功能。组合起来就可批量删除重复文件,只需输入一个路径。
最后,贴个完整版本的,兼容Python 2.0, 3.0。
#!/usr/bin/python # -*- coding: UTF-8 -*- from __future__ import print_function import os, sys, hashlib class diskwalk(object): def __init__(self, path): self.path = path def paths(self): path = self.path files_in_path = [] for dirpath, dirnames, filenames in os.walk(path): for each_file in filenames: fullpath = os.path.join(dirpath, each_file) files_in_path.append(fullpath) return files_in_path def create_checksum(path): fp = open(path,'rb') checksum = hashlib.md5() while True: buffer = fp.read(8192) if not buffer: break checksum.update(buffer) fp.close() checksum = checksum.digest() return checksum def findDupes(path): record = {} dup = {} d = diskwalk(path) files = d.paths() for each_file in files: compound_key = (os.path.getsize(each_file), create_checksum(each_file)) if compound_key in record: dup[each_file] = record[compound_key] else: record[compound_key] = each_file return dup class deletefile(object): def __init__(self, file_name): self.file_name = file_name def delete(self): print("Deleting %s" % self.file_name) os.remove(self.file_name) def dryrun(self): print("Dry Run: %s [NOT DELETED]" % self.file_name) def interactive(self): try: answer = raw_input("Do you really want to delete: %s [Y/N]" % self.file_name) except NameError: answer = input("Do you really want to delete: %s [Y/N]" % self.file_name) if answer.upper() == 'Y': os.remove(self.file_name) else: print("Skiping: %s" % self.file_name) return def main(): directory_to_check = sys.argv[1] duplicate_file = findDupes(directory_to_check) for each_file in duplicate_file: delete = deletefile(each_file) delete.interactive() if __name__ == '__main__': main()
其中,第一个参数是待检测的目录。
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