Django实现WebSocket在线聊天室功能(channels库)
1.Django实现WebSocket在线聊天室
1.1 安装
pip install channels==2.3
(saas) F:\Desktop\Python_Study\CHS-Tracer\saas>pip install channels==2.3
Looking in indexes: http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/
Collecting channels==2.3
Downloading
...
Successfully installed Automat-20.2.0 attrs-20.3.0 autobahn-21.3.1 channels-2.3.0
1.2 创建Django项目
1.3 http路由
url(r"^chat/$", chat_view.chat, name="chat"), # 聊天室
1.4 http视图函数
def chat(request):
return render(request, "chat.html")
1.5 settings添加channels相关配置
INSTALLED_APPS = [ 'channels', # 项目中要使用channels做WebSocket了 ] ASGI_APPLICATION = "saas.routing.application" # 项目名.routing.application
1.6 创建routing.py(websocket的路由)和comsumers.py(websocket的视图函数)
1.7 websocket路由
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*- # 作者:IT小学生蔡坨坨 # 时间:2021/4/23 18:21 # 功能:channels相关路由 from channels.routing import ProtocolTypeRouter, URLRouter from django.conf.urls import url from web import consumers application = ProtocolTypeRouter({ "websocket": URLRouter([ url(r'^chat/$', consumers.ChatConsumer), ]) })
1.8 websocket视图函数
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*- # 作者:IT小学生蔡坨坨 # 时间:2021/4/23 18:25 # 功能:channels相关视图 from channels.exceptions import StopConsumer from channels.generic.websocket import WebsocketConsumer # 定义一个列表,用于存放当前在线的用户 CONSUMER_OBJECT_LIST = [] class ChatConsumer(WebsocketConsumer): def websocket_connect(self, message): """ 客户端浏览器发来连接请求之后就会被触发 :param message: :return: """ # 服务端接收连接,向客户端浏览器发送一个加密字符串 self.accept() # 连接成功 CONSUMER_OBJECT_LIST.append(self) def websocket_receive(self, message): """ 客户端浏览器向服务端发送消息,此方法自动触发 :param message: :return: """ print("接受到消息了。", message) # 服务端给客户端回一条消息 # self.send(text_data=message["text"]) for obj in CONSUMER_OBJECT_LIST: obj.send(text_data=message["text"]) def websocket_disconnect(self, message): """ 客户端浏览器主动断开连接 :param message: :return: """ # 服务端断开连接 CONSUMER_OBJECT_LIST.remove(self) raise StopConsumer()
1.9 前端代码
<!-- css样式 --> <style> pre { display: block; padding: 9.5px; margin: 0 0 10px; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.42857143; color: #333; word-break: break-all; word-wrap: break-word; background-color: #00aaaa; border-radius: 12px; } </style> <!-- body内容 --> <div style="width: 600px;height: 574px;margin: auto;margin-top: 20px;"> <div class="panel panel-success"> <div class="panel-heading">在线实时聊天室</div> <div class="panel-body"> <div style="border: #f5f5f5 2px solid;width: 570px;height: 400px;overflow:scroll"> <div id="content"> <!-- 聊天记录 --> </div> </div> <div style="border-color: white;margin-top: 10px"> <textarea type="text" id="txt" placeholder="请输入消息内容......" class="form-control"></textarea> </div> </div> <div class="table"> <div> <button class="btn btn-danger" onclick="closeLink();" style="margin-left: 74%">断开连接</button> <button class="btn btn-success" onclick="sendMsg();">发送</button> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- 消息模板 --> <div id="recordTemplate" class="hide"> <div class="right-info"> <!-- 用户 --> <p>匿名用户:</p> <!-- 消息内容 --> <pre> </pre> </div> </div> <!-- js代码 --> <script> var STATUS; // 是否连接的标志 var ws = new WebSocket("ws://127.0.0.1:8000/chat/"); ws.onopen = function () { // 客户端在握手环节验证成功之后,自动执行此方法 console.log("连接成功。") }; ws.onmessage = function msg(event) { var $item = $("#recordTemplate").find('.right-info').clone(); $item.find('pre').html(event.data); $("#content").append($item); }; function sendMsg() { if (STATUS == false) { swal({ title: "已断开", text: "当前已断开连接,刷新页面重新连接。" }); } else { ws.send($("#txt").val()); $("#txt").val(""); } } function closeLink() { ws.close(); STATUS = false; console.log("断开连接"); swal({ text: "成功断开连接,刷新页面重新连接。" }); } </script>
2.效果展示
3.总结
http协议
chat路由 --> chat视图函数
访问:浏览器发送请求即可
websocket协议
chat路由 --> ChatConsumer(3个方法)
访问:new WebSocket对象
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