Spring事务Transaction配置的五种注入方式详解

前段时间对spring的事务配置做了比较深入的研究，在此之间对Spring的事务配置虽说也配置过，但是一直没有一个清楚的认识。通过这次的学习发觉Spring的事务配置只要把思路理清，还是比较好掌握的。

总结如下：

Spring配置文件中关于事务配置总是由三个组成部分，分别是DataSource、TransactionManager和代理机制这三部分，无论哪种配置方式，一般变化的只是代理机制这部分。

DataSource、TransactionManager这两部分只是会根据数据访问方式有所变化，比如使用hibernate进行数据访问时，DataSource实际为SessionFactory，TransactionManager的实现为HibernateTransactionManager。

具体如下图：

根据代理机制的不同，总结了五种Spring事务的配置方式，配置文件如下：

第一种方式：每个Bean都有一个代理

<?xml version="1.0"encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
 xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
 xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
 xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd"> 

 <bean id="sessionFactory"
 class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
 <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />
 <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
 </bean> 

 <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->
 <bean id="transactionManager"
 class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
 <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
 </bean> 

 <!-- 配置DAO -->
 <bean id="userDaoTarget" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">
 <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
 </bean> 

 <bean id="userDao"
 class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean">
 <!-- 配置事务管理器 -->
 <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />
 <property name="target" ref="userDaoTarget" />
 <property name="proxyInterfaces" value="com.bluesky.spring.dao.GeneratorDao" />
 <!-- 配置事务属性 -->
 <property name="transactionAttributes">
 <props>
 <prop key="*"> PROPAGATION_REQUIRED </prop>
 </props>
 </property>
 </bean>
 </beans>

第二种方式：所有Bean共享一个代理基类

<?xml version="1.0"encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
 xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
 xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
 xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd"> 

 <bean id="sessionFactory"
 class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
 <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />
 <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
 </bean> 

 <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->
 <bean id="transactionManager"
 class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
 <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
 </bean> 

 <bean id="transactionBase"
 class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean"
 lazy-init="true" abstract="true">
 <!-- 配置事务管理器 -->
 <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />
 <!-- 配置事务属性 -->
 <property name="transactionAttributes">
 <props>
 <prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED </prop>
 </props>
 </property>
 </bean> 

 <!-- 配置DAO -->
 <bean id="userDaoTarget" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">
 <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
 </bean> 

 <bean id="userDao" parent="transactionBase">
 <property name="target" ref="userDaoTarget" />
 </bean>
 </beans>

第三种方式：使用拦截器

<?xml version="1.0"encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
 xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
 xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
 xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd"> 

 <bean id="sessionFactory"
 class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
 <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />
 <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
 </bean> 

 <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->
 <bean id="transactionManager"
 class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
 <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
 </bean> 

 <bean id="transactionInterceptor"
 class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor">
 <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />
 <!-- 配置事务属性 -->
 <property name="transactionAttributes">
 <props>
 <prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED </prop>
 </props>
 </property>
 </bean> 

 <bean class="org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.BeanNameAutoProxyCreator">
 <property name="beanNames">
 <list>
 <value> *Dao </value>
 </list>
 </property>
 <property name="interceptorNames">
 <list>
 <value> transactionInterceptor </value>
 </list>
 </property>
 </bean> 

 <!-- 配置DAO -->
 <bean id="userDao" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">
 <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
 </bean>
 </beans> 

第四种方式：使用tx标签配置的拦截器

<?xml version="1.0"encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
 xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
 xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
 xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
 xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd"> 

 <context:annotation-config />
 <context:component-scan base-package="com.bluesky" /> 

 <bean id="sessionFactory"
 class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
 <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />
 <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
 </bean> 

 <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->
 <bean id="transactionManager"
 class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
 <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
 </bean> 

 <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">
 <tx:attributes>
 <tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
 </tx:attributes>
 </tx:advice> 

 <aop:config>
 <aop:pointcut id="interceptorPointCuts"
 expression="execution(*com.bluesky.spring.dao.*.*(..))" />
 <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice"
 pointcut-ref="interceptorPointCuts" />
 </aop:config>
 </beans>

第五种方式：全注解

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
 xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
 xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
 xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
 xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">

 <context:annotation-config />
 <context:component-scan base-package="com.bluesky" />

 <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/>

 <bean id="sessionFactory"
   class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
  <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />
  <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
 </bean> 

 <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->
 <bean id="transactionManager"
  class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
  <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
 </bean>

</beans>

此时在DAO上需加上@Transactional注解，如下：

package com.bluesky.spring.dao;

import java.util.List;

import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.HibernateDaoSupport;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import com.bluesky.spring.domain.User;

@Transactional
@Component("userDao")
public class UserDaoImpl extends HibernateDaoSupport implements UserDao {

 public List<User> listUsers() {
  return this.getSession().createQuery("from User").list();
 }
}

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