Java Spring 声明式事务详解

目录

• 项目结构：
• 表结构：
• 基于xml的声明式事务配置
• 完全注解（零xml）方式配置
• 事务参数
• no-rollback-for
• rollback-for
• read-only
• timeout
• isolation
• propagation
• 总结

项目结构：

表结构：

基于xml的声明式事务配置

IAccountDao.java：

package tx.dao;
import java.math.BigDecimal;
public interface IAccountDao {
    void add(String name, BigDecimal money);
    void sub(String name, BigDecimal money);
}

AccountDaoImpl.java：

package tx.service.impl;
import tx.dao.IAccountDao;
import tx.service.IAccountService;
import java.math.BigDecimal;
public class AccountServiceImpl implements IAccountService {
    private IAccountDao accountDao;
    public void setAccountDao(IAccountDao accountDao) {
        this.accountDao = accountDao;
    }
    @Override
    public void tran(String from, String to, BigDecimal money) {
        accountDao.sub(from, money);
        accountDao.add(to, money);
    }
}

IAccountService.java：

package tx.service;
import java.math.BigDecimal;
public interface IAccountService {
    void tran(String from, String to, BigDecimal money);
}

AccountDaoImpl.java：

package tx.dao.impl;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import tx.dao.IAccountDao;
import java.math.BigDecimal;
public class AccountDaoImpl implements IAccountDao {
    private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;
    public void setJdbcTemplate(JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate) {
        this.jdbcTemplate = jdbcTemplate;
    }
    @Override
    public void add(String name, BigDecimal money) {
        jdbcTemplate.update("update account set balance = balance + ? where name = ? ", money.toString(), name);
    }
    @Override
    public void sub(String name, BigDecimal money) {
        jdbcTemplate.update("update account set balance = balance - ? where name = ? ", money.toString(), name);
    }
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
       xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
       xsi:schemaLocation="
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
       ">
    <!--配置数据源-->
    <bean id="dataSource" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource" destroy-method="close">
        <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test?useSSL=false"/>
        <property name="username" value="root"/>
        <property name="password" value="19834044876"/>
        <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver"/>
    </bean>
    <!--创建事务管理器-->
    <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
        <!--注入数据源-->
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
    </bean>
    <!--配置jdbcTemplate对象-->
    <bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">
        <!--注入dataSource-->
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
    </bean>
    <!--将JdbcTemplate注入到AccountDao中-->
    <bean id="accountDao" class="tx.dao.impl.AccountDaoImpl">
        <property name="jdbcTemplate" ref="jdbcTemplate"/>
    </bean>
    <!--将AccountDao注入到AccountService中-->
    <bean id="accountService" class="tx.service.impl.AccountServiceImpl">
        <property name="accountDao" ref="accountDao"/>
    </bean>
    <!--配置事务通知-->
    <tx:advice id="txAdvice">
        <!--配置事务参数-->
        <tx:attributes>
            <!--指定哪些方法上面添加事务-->
            <tx:method name="tran"/>  <!-- name="*", name="tran*", name="*tran", ... -->
        </tx:attributes>
    </tx:advice>
    <!--配置切入点和切面-->
    <aop:config>
        <!--配置切入点-->
        <aop:pointcut id="pointCut" expression="execution(* tx.service.IAccountService.*(..))"/>
        <!--配置通知-->
        <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="pointCut"/>
    </aop:config>
</beans>

ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("tx.xml");
IAccountService accountService = context.getBean("accountService", IAccountService.class);
accountService.tran("小明", "小红", new BigDecimal(500));

完全注解（零xml）方式配置

IAccountDao.java：

package tx.dao;
import java.math.BigDecimal;
public interface IAccountDao {
    void add(String name, BigDecimal money);
    void sub(String name, BigDecimal money);
}

AccountDaoImpl.java：

package tx.dao.impl;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
import tx.dao.IAccountDao;
import java.math.BigDecimal;
@Repository
public class AccountDaoImpl implements IAccountDao {
    @Autowired
    private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;
    @Override
    public void add(String name, BigDecimal money) {
        jdbcTemplate.update("update account set balance = balance + ? where name = ? ", money.toString(), name);
    }
    @Override
    public void sub(String name, BigDecimal money) {
        jdbcTemplate.update("update account set balance = balance - ? where name = ? ", money.toString(), name);
    }
}

IAccountService.java：

package tx.service;
import java.math.BigDecimal;
public interface IAccountService {
    void tran(String from, String to, BigDecimal money);
}

AccountServiceImpl.java：

package tx.service.impl;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
import tx.dao.IAccountDao;
import tx.service.IAccountService;
import java.math.BigDecimal;
@Service
@Transactional
public class AccountServiceImpl implements IAccountService {
    @Autowired
    private IAccountDao accountDao;
    @Override
    public void tran(String from, String to, BigDecimal money) {
        accountDao.sub(from, money);
        accountDao.add(to, money);
    }
}

TXConfig.java

package tx.config;
import com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.EnableTransactionManagement;
import tx.service.IAccountService;
import tx.service.impl.AccountServiceImpl;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
@Configuration
@ComponentScan(basePackages = "tx")
@EnableTransactionManagement
public class TXConfig {
    /**
     * 配置数据源
     */
    @Bean
    public DataSource getDataSource() {
        DruidDataSource dataSource = new DruidDataSource();
        dataSource.setUrl("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test?useSSL=false");
        dataSource.setUsername("root");
        dataSource.setPassword("19834044876");
        dataSource.setDriverClassName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver");
        return dataSource;
    }
    /**
     * 创建事务管理器
     */
    @Bean
    public DataSourceTransactionManager getTransactionManager() {
        return new DataSourceTransactionManager(getDataSource());
    }
    /**
     * 配置jdbcTemplate对象
     */
    @Bean
    public JdbcTemplate getJdbcTemplate() {
        return new JdbcTemplate(getDataSource());
    }
    @Bean(name = "accountService")
    public IAccountService getAccountService() {
        return new AccountServiceImpl();
    }
}

ApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(TXConfig.class);
IAccountService accountService = context.getBean("accountService", IAccountService.class);
accountService.tran("小明", "小红", new BigDecimal(500));

事务参数

no-rollback-for

指定碰到哪些异常不需要回滚

rollback-for

指定碰到哪些异常需要回滚

read-only

设置事务为只读事务

timeout

以秒为单位，设置事务超出指定时常后自动回滚

默认为-1，即不管事务运行多久都不回滚

isolation

事务的隔离级别

默认为DEFAULT，即使用当前数据库的隔离级别

propagation

事务的传播行为

默认为REQUIRED

总结

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