C++ OpenGL实现旋转立方体的绘制

目录

• 1、Z-缓冲
• 2、GLM库函数
• 3、PVM矩阵
• 4、PVM矩阵的使用
• 5、工程文件结构
• shader.h
• shader.cpp
• main.cpp

1、Z-缓冲

//开启深度测试
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);

2、GLM库函数

3、PVM矩阵

4、PVM矩阵的使用

我们需要引入GLM函数库的头文件：

#include<glm/glm.hpp>
#include<glm/gtc/matrix_transform.hpp>
#include<glm/gtc/type_ptr.hpp>

设置vew矩阵的相关参数：

//相机参数
glm::vec3 camera_position = glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, 3.0f);     //摄像机位置
glm::vec3 camera_front = glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f);       //摄像机方向
glm::vec3 camera_up = glm::vec3(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);           //摄像机上向量

设置project矩阵视野fov：

float fov = 45.0f;

// Transform坐标变换矩阵
		glm::mat4 model(1);//model矩阵，局部坐标变换至世界坐标
		model = glm::translate(model, glm::vec3(0.0,0.0,0.0));
		model = glm::rotate(model, (float)glfwGetTime(), glm::vec3(0.5f, 1.0f, 0.0f));
		model = glm::scale(model, glm::vec3(1.0f,1.0f,1.0f));

glm::mat4 view(1);//view矩阵，世界坐标变换至观察坐标系
		view = glm::lookAt(camera_position, camera_position + camera_front, camera_up);

glm::mat4 projection(1);//projection矩阵，投影矩阵
		projection = glm::perspective(glm::radians(fov), (float)screen_width / screen_height, 0.1f, 100.0f);

int model_location = glGetUniformLocation(shader.ID, "model"); //获取着色器内某个参数的位置
		

glUniformMatrix4fv(model_location, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(model));//写入参数值

gl_Position=projection*view*model*vec4(aPos,1.0);

5、工程文件结构

shader.h

#ifndef __SHADER_H__
#define __SHADER_H__

#include <glad/glad.h>
#include <glm/glm.hpp>
#include <glm/gtc/type_ptr.hpp>
#include "string"

class Shader
{
public:
	unsigned int ID;

	Shader(const GLchar* vertex_shader_path, const GLchar* fragment_shader_path);
	~Shader();

	void Use();
	void SetBool(const std::string &name, bool value) const;
	void SetInt(const std::string &name, int value) const;
	void SetFloat(const std::string &name, float value) const;
	void SetVec2(const std::string &name, const glm::vec2 &value) const;
	void SetVec2(const std::string &name, float x, float y) const;
	void SetVec3(const std::string &name, const glm::vec3 &value) const;
	void SetVec3(const std::string &name, float x, float y, float z) const;
	void SetVec4(const std::string &name, const glm::vec4 &value) const;
	void SetVec4(const std::string &name, float x, float y, float z, float w) const;
	void SetMat2(const std::string &name, const glm::mat2 &value) const;
	void SetMat3(const std::string &name, const glm::mat3 &value) const;
	void SetMat4(const std::string &name, const glm::mat4 &value) const;

private:
	int GetShaderFromFile(const GLchar* vertex_shader_path, const GLchar* fragment_shader_path,
		std::string *vertex_shader_code, std::string *fragment_shader_code);
	int LinkShader(const char* vertex_shader_code, const char* fragment_shader_code);
	int GetUniform(const std::string &name) const;
	void CheckCompileErrors(GLuint shader, std::string type);
};

#endif // !__SHADER_H__
#ifndef __SHADER_H__
#define __SHADER_H__

#include <glad/glad.h>
#include <glm/glm.hpp>
#include <glm/gtc/type_ptr.hpp>
#include "string"

class Shader
{
public:
	unsigned int ID;

	Shader(const GLchar* vertex_shader_path, const GLchar* fragment_shader_path);
	~Shader();

	void Use();
	void SetBool(const std::string &name, bool value) const;
	void SetInt(const std::string &name, int value) const;
	void SetFloat(const std::string &name, float value) const;
	void SetVec2(const std::string &name, const glm::vec2 &value) const;
	void SetVec2(const std::string &name, float x, float y) const;
	void SetVec3(const std::string &name, const glm::vec3 &value) const;
	void SetVec3(const std::string &name, float x, float y, float z) const;
	void SetVec4(const std::string &name, const glm::vec4 &value) const;
	void SetVec4(const std::string &name, float x, float y, float z, float w) const;
	void SetMat2(const std::string &name, const glm::mat2 &value) const;
	void SetMat3(const std::string &name, const glm::mat3 &value) const;
	void SetMat4(const std::string &name, const glm::mat4 &value) const;

private:
	int GetShaderFromFile(const GLchar* vertex_shader_path, const GLchar* fragment_shader_path,
		std::string *vertex_shader_code, std::string *fragment_shader_code);
	int LinkShader(const char* vertex_shader_code, const char* fragment_shader_code);
	int GetUniform(const std::string &name) const;
	void CheckCompileErrors(GLuint shader, std::string type);
};

#endif // !__SHADER_H__
#ifndef __SHADER_H__
#define __SHADER_H__

#include <glad/glad.h>
#include <glm/glm.hpp>
#include <glm/gtc/type_ptr.hpp>
#include "string"

class Shader
{
public:
	unsigned int ID;

	Shader(const GLchar* vertex_shader_path, const GLchar* fragment_shader_path);
	~Shader();

	void Use();
	void SetBool(const std::string &name, bool value) const;
	void SetInt(const std::string &name, int value) const;
	void SetFloat(const std::string &name, float value) const;
	void SetVec2(const std::string &name, const glm::vec2 &value) const;
	void SetVec2(const std::string &name, float x, float y) const;
	void SetVec3(const std::string &name, const glm::vec3 &value) const;
	void SetVec3(const std::string &name, float x, float y, float z) const;
	void SetVec4(const std::string &name, const glm::vec4 &value) const;
	void SetVec4(const std::string &name, float x, float y, float z, float w) const;
	void SetMat2(const std::string &name, const glm::mat2 &value) const;
	void SetMat3(const std::string &name, const glm::mat3 &value) const;
	void SetMat4(const std::string &name, const glm::mat4 &value) const;

private:
	int GetShaderFromFile(const GLchar* vertex_shader_path, const GLchar* fragment_shader_path,
		std::string *vertex_shader_code, std::string *fragment_shader_code);
	int LinkShader(const char* vertex_shader_code, const char* fragment_shader_code);
	int GetUniform(const std::string &name) const;
	void CheckCompileErrors(GLuint shader, std::string type);
};

#endif // !__SHADER_H__

shader.cpp

#include "Shader.h"
#include "fstream"
#include "sstream"
#include "iostream"

Shader::Shader(const GLchar* vertex_shader_path, const GLchar* fragment_shader_path)
{
	std::string vertex_shader_code;
	std::string fragment_shader_code;
	if (GetShaderFromFile(vertex_shader_path, fragment_shader_path, &vertex_shader_code, &fragment_shader_code))
	{
		return;
	}
	if (LinkShader(vertex_shader_code.c_str(), fragment_shader_code.c_str()))
	{
		return;
	}
}

Shader::~Shader()
{

}

void Shader::Use()
{
	glUseProgram(ID);
}

void Shader::SetBool(const std::string &name, bool value) const
{
	SetInt(name, (int)value);
}

void Shader::SetInt(const std::string &name, int value) const
{
	glUniform1i(GetUniform(name), value);
}

void Shader::SetFloat(const std::string &name, float value) const
{
	glUniform1f(GetUniform(name), value);
}

void Shader::SetVec2(const std::string &name, float x, float y) const
{
	glUniform2f(GetUniform(name), x, y);
}

void Shader::SetVec2(const std::string &name, const glm::vec2 &value) const
{
	SetVec2(name, value.x, value.y);
}

void Shader::SetVec3(const std::string &name, float x, float y, float z) const
{
	glUniform3f(GetUniform(name), x, y, z);
}

void Shader::SetVec3(const std::string &name, const glm::vec3 &value) const
{
	SetVec3(name, value.x, value.y, value.z);
}

void Shader::SetVec4(const std::string &name, float x, float y, float z, float w) const
{
	glUniform4f(GetUniform(name), x, y, z, w);
}

void Shader::SetVec4(const std::string &name, const glm::vec4 &value) const
{
	SetVec4(name, value.x, value.y, value.z, value.w);
}

void Shader::SetMat2(const std::string &name, const glm::mat2 &value) const
{
	glUniformMatrix2fv(GetUniform(name), 1, GL_FALSE, &value[0][0]);
}

void Shader::SetMat3(const std::string &name, const glm::mat3 &value) const
{
	glUniformMatrix3fv(GetUniform(name), 1, GL_FALSE, &value[0][0]);
}

void Shader::SetMat4(const std::string &name, const glm::mat4 &value) const
{
	glUniformMatrix4fv(GetUniform(name), 1, GL_FALSE, &value[0][0]);
}

int Shader::GetShaderFromFile(const GLchar* vertex_shader_path, const GLchar* fragment_shader_path, std::string *vertex_shader_code, std::string *fragment_shader_code)
{
	std::ifstream vertex_shader_file;
	std::ifstream fragment_shader_file;
	vertex_shader_file.exceptions(std::ifstream::badbit | std::ifstream::failbit);
	fragment_shader_file.exceptions(std::ifstream::badbit | std::ifstream::failbit);
	try
	{
		vertex_shader_file.open(vertex_shader_path);
		fragment_shader_file.open(fragment_shader_path);
		std::stringstream vertex_shader_stream, fragment_shader_stream;
		vertex_shader_stream << vertex_shader_file.rdbuf();
		fragment_shader_stream << fragment_shader_file.rdbuf();
		vertex_shader_file.close();
		fragment_shader_file.close();
		*vertex_shader_code = vertex_shader_stream.str();
		*fragment_shader_code = fragment_shader_stream.str();
	}
	catch (std::ifstream::failure e)
	{
		std::cout << "Load Shader File Error!" << std::endl;
		return -1;
	}
	return 0;
}

int Shader::LinkShader(const char* vertex_shader_code, const char* fragment_shader_code)
{
	int vertex_shader = glCreateShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER);
	glShaderSource(vertex_shader, 1, &vertex_shader_code, NULL);
	glCompileShader(vertex_shader);
	CheckCompileErrors(vertex_shader, "VERTEX");

	int fragment_shader = glCreateShader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER);
	glShaderSource(fragment_shader, 1, &fragment_shader_code, NULL);
	glCompileShader(fragment_shader);
	CheckCompileErrors(fragment_shader, "FRAGMENT");

	this->ID = glCreateProgram();
	glAttachShader(ID, vertex_shader);
	glAttachShader(ID, fragment_shader);
	glLinkProgram(ID);
	CheckCompileErrors(ID, "PROGRAM");

	glDeleteShader(vertex_shader);
	glDeleteShader(fragment_shader);
	return 0;
}

int Shader::GetUniform(const std::string &name) const
{
	int position = glGetUniformLocation(ID, name.c_str());
	if (position == -1)
	{
		std::cout << "uniform " << name << " set failed!" << std::endl;
	}
	return position;
}

void Shader::CheckCompileErrors(GLuint shader, std::string type)
{
	GLint success;
	GLchar infoLog[512];
	if (type == "PROGRAM")
	{
		glGetProgramiv(shader, GL_LINK_STATUS, &success);
		if (!success)
		{
			glGetProgramInfoLog(shader, 512, NULL, infoLog);
			std::cout << "ERROR::PROGRAM_LINKING_ERROR!\n" << infoLog << std::endl;
		}
	}
	else
	{
		glGetShaderiv(shader, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &success);
		if (!success)
		{
			glGetShaderInfoLog(shader, 512, NULL, infoLog);
			std::cout << "ERROR::SHADER::" << type << "::COMPILATION_FAILED\n" << infoLog << std::endl;
		}
	}
}

main.cpp

//总体流程
//1. 初始化并创建窗口
//2. 加载立方体顶点VAOVBO以及着色器并开启深度测试
//3. 进入主循环清除缓冲
//4. 使用立方体着色器，构造并传入pvm矩阵，绘制
//5. 循环结束，释放VAOVBO

#include <iostream>
#include "glad/glad.h"
#include "GLFW/glfw3.h"
#include "glm/glm.hpp"
#include "glm/gtc/matrix_transform.hpp"
#include "glm/gtc/type_ptr.hpp"

#include "shader.h"

const float vertices[] = {                  //立方体数组
	-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f,0.0f,0.0f,
	0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  1.0f,0.0f,0.0f,
	0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  1.0f,0.0f,0.0f,
	0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  1.0f,0.0f,0.0f,
	-0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  1.0f,0.0f,0.0f,
	-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  1.0f,0.0f,0.0f,

	-0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,1.0f,0.0f,
	0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,1.0f,0.0f,
	0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,1.0f,0.0f,
	0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,1.0f,0.0f,
	-0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,1.0f,0.0f,
	-0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,1.0f,0.0f,

	-0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,0.0f,1.0f,
	-0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,0.0f,1.0f,
	-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,0.0f,1.0f,
	-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,0.0f,1.0f,
	-0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,0.0f,1.0f,
	-0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,0.0f,1.0f,

	0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,0.0f,0.0f,
	0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,0.0f,0.0f,
	0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,0.0f,0.0f,
	0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,0.0f,0.0f,
	0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,0.0f,0.0f,
	0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,0.0f,0.0f,

	-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,0.5f,0.0f,
	0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,0.5f,0.0f,
	0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,0.5f,0.0f,
	0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,0.5f,0.0f,
	-0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,0.5f,0.0f,
	-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,0.5f,0.0f,

	-0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,0.0f,0.5f,
	0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,0.0f,0.5f,
	0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,0.0f,0.5f,
	0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,0.0f,0.5f,
	-0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,0.0f,0.5f,
	-0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,0.0f,0.5f
};

float screen_width = 1280.0f;          //窗口宽度
float screen_height = 720.0f;          //窗口高度
//相机参数
glm::vec3 camera_position = glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, 3.0f);     //摄像机位置
glm::vec3 camera_front = glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f);       //摄像机方向
glm::vec3 camera_up = glm::vec3(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);           //摄像机上向量
//视野
float fov = 45.0f;

int main() {
	// 初始化GLFW
	glfwInit();                                                     // 初始化GLFW
	glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, 3);                  // OpenGL版本为3.3，主次版本号均设为3
	glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, 3);
	glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_PROFILE, GLFW_OPENGL_CORE_PROFILE);  // 使用核心模式(无需向后兼容性)
	glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_FORWARD_COMPAT, GL_TRUE);            // 如果使用的是Mac OS X系统，需加上这行
	glfwWindowHint(GLFW_RESIZABLE, FALSE);						    // 不可改变窗口大小

																	// 创建窗口(宽、高、窗口名称)
	auto window = glfwCreateWindow(screen_width, screen_height, "Cube", nullptr, nullptr);
	if (window == nullptr) {                                        // 如果窗口创建失败，输出Failed to Create OpenGL Context
		std::cout << "Failed to Create OpenGL Context" << std::endl;
		glfwTerminate();
		return -1;
	}
	glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);                                 // 将窗口的上下文设置为当前线程的主上下文

																	// 初始化GLAD，加载OpenGL函数指针地址的函数
	if (!gladLoadGLLoader((GLADloadproc)glfwGetProcAddress))
	{
		std::cout << "Failed to initialize GLAD" << std::endl;
		return -1;
	}

	// 指定当前视口尺寸(前两个参数为左下角位置，后两个参数是渲染窗口宽、高)
	glViewport(0, 0, screen_width, screen_height);

	Shader shader("res/shader/task-cube.vs", "res/shader/task-cube.fs");//加载着色器

	// 生成并绑定VAO和VBO
	GLuint vertex_array_object; // == VAO
	glGenVertexArrays(1, &vertex_array_object);
	glBindVertexArray(vertex_array_object);

	GLuint vertex_buffer_object; // == VBO
	glGenBuffers(1, &vertex_buffer_object);
	glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vertex_buffer_object);
	// 将顶点数据绑定至当前默认的缓冲中
	glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(vertices), vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);

	// 设置顶点属性指针
	glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 6 * sizeof(float), (void*)0);
	glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);

	glVertexAttribPointer(1, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 6 * sizeof(float), (void*)(3 * sizeof(float)));
	glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);

	glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
	// Render loop主循环
	while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window)) {
		//进入主循环，清理颜色缓冲深度缓冲
		glClearColor(0.0f, 0.34f, 0.57f, 1.0f);
		glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);//清理颜色缓冲和深度缓冲

		shader.Use();

		// Transform坐标变换矩阵
		glm::mat4 model(1);//model矩阵，局部坐标变换至世界坐标
		model = glm::translate(model, glm::vec3(0.0,0.0,0.0));
		model = glm::rotate(model, (float)glfwGetTime(), glm::vec3(0.5f, 1.0f, 0.0f));
		model = glm::scale(model, glm::vec3(1.0f,1.0f,1.0f));
		glm::mat4 view(1);//view矩阵，世界坐标变换至观察坐标系
		view = glm::lookAt(camera_position, camera_position + camera_front, camera_up);
		glm::mat4 projection(1);//projection矩阵，投影矩阵
		projection = glm::perspective(glm::radians(fov), (float)screen_width / screen_height, 0.1f, 100.0f);

		// 向着色器中传入参数
		int model_location = glGetUniformLocation(shader.ID, "model"); //获取着色器内某个参数的位置
		glUniformMatrix4fv(model_location, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(model));//写入参数值
		int view_location = glGetUniformLocation(shader.ID, "view");
		glUniformMatrix4fv(view_location, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(view));
		int projection_location = glGetUniformLocation(shader.ID, "projection");
		glUniformMatrix4fv(projection_location, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(projection));
		//绘制
		glBindVertexArray(vertex_array_object);
		glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 36);
		glBindVertexArray(0);

		glfwSwapBuffers(window);
		glfwPollEvents();
	}
	//释放VAOVBO
	glDeleteVertexArrays(1, &vertex_array_object);
	glDeleteBuffers(1, &vertex_buffer_object);

	// 清理所有的资源并正确退出程序
	glfwTerminate();
	return 0;
}

输出结果：

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