Laravel学习笔记之Artisan命令生成自定义模板的方法

说明：本文主要讲述Laravel的Artisan命令来实现自定义模板，就如经常输入的php artisan make:controller ShopController就会自动生成一个ShopController.php模板文件一样，通过命令生成模板也会提高开发效率。同时，作者会将开发过程中的一些截图和代码黏上去，提高阅读效率。

备注：个人平时在写Repository代码时会这样写，如先写上ShopRepositoryInterface并定义好接口方法如all()、create()、update()、delete()、findBy()等等，然后再写上接口对应的实现ShopRepository并注入对应的Model即Shop。别的PostRepository、TagRepository也会是这么写(当然，对于很多重用的Repository方法可以集体拿到AbstractRepository抽象类里供子类继承，实现代码复用)。那能不能直接命令行生成模板文件呢，就不用自己一个个的写了，就像输入php artisan make:controller PostController给我一个Controller模板来。

关于使用Repository模式来封装下Model逻辑，不让Controller里塞满了很多Model逻辑，这样做是有很多好处的，最主要的就是好测试和代码架构清晰，也符合SOLID原则。如果使用PHPUnit来做测试就知道了为啥说好测试了。SegmentFault上也有相关的文章描述。作者也打算最近新开一篇文章聊一聊这个，PHPUnit也打算过段时间聊一聊。

个人研究了下Artisan命令行，是可以的。经过开发后，结果是输入自定义指令php artisan make:repository PostRepository --model=Post(这个option可要可不要)，就会帮我生成一个PostRepositoryInterface和对应的接口实现PostRepository。

模板文件Stub

由于个人需要生成一个RepositoryInterface和对应接口实现Repository，那就需要两个模板文件了。在resources/stubs新建两个模板文件，以下是个人经常需要的两个模板文件(你可以自定义)：

 /**
   * @param array $columns
   * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection|static[]
   */
  public function all($columns = array('*'))
  {
    return $this->$model_var_name->all($columns);
  }

  /**
   * @param int $perPage
   * @param array $columns
   * @return \Illuminate\Contracts\Pagination\LengthAwarePaginator
   */
  public function paginate($perPage = 15, $columns = array('*'))
  {
    return $this->$model_var_name->paginate($perPage, $columns);
  }

  /**
   * Create a new $model_var_name
   * @param array $data
   * @return \$model_namespace
   */
  public function create(array $data)
  {
    return $this->$model_var_name->create($data);
  }

   /**
    * Update a $model_var_name
    * @param array $data
    * @param $id
    * @return \$model_namespace
    */
  public function update($data = [], $id)
  {
    return $this->$model_var_name->whereId($id)->update($data);
  }

  /**
   * Store a $model_var_name
   * @param array $data
   * @return \$model_namespace
   */
  public function store($data = [])
  {
    $this->$model_var_name->id = $data['id'];
    //...
    $this->$model_var_name->save();
  }

  /**
   * Delete a $model_var_name
   * @param array $data
   * @param $id
   * @return \$model_namespace
   */
  public function delete($data = [], $id)
  {
    $this->$model_var_name->whereId($id)->delete();
  }

  /**
   * @param $id
   * @param array $columns
   * @return array|\Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection|static[]
   */
  public function find($id, $columns = array('*'))
  {
    $$model_name = $this->$model_var_name->whereId($id)->get($columns);
    return $$model_name;
  }

  /**
   * @param $field
   * @param $value
   * @param array $columns
   * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection|static[]
   */
  public function findBy($field, $value, $columns = array('*'))
  {
    $$model_name = $this->$model_var_name->where($field, '=', $value)->get($columns);
    return $$model_name;
  }

}

模板文件里包括参数，这些参数将会根据命令行中输入的参数和选项被相应替换：

代码如下:

['$repository_namespace', '$model_namespace', '$repository_interface_namespace', '$repository_interface', '$class_name', '$model_name', '$model_var_name']

Artisan命令生成Repository模板文件

生成Artisan命令并注册

Laravel提供了Artisan命令自定义，输入指令:

php artisan make:console MakeRepositoryCommand

然后改下签名和描述：

// app/Console/Commands/MakeRepositoryCommand
  /**
   * The name and signature of the console command.
   *
   * @var string
   */
  protected $signature = 'make:repository {repository} {--model=}';

  /**
   * The console command description.
   *
   * @var string
   */
  protected $description = 'Make a repository and interface';

这里{repository}是必填参数并指明(选填参数加个?，就和路由参数一样)，将会被$this->argument('repository')方法捕捉到，{--model=}是选项，可填可不填，将会被$this->option('model')方法捕捉到。填上这个命令的描述，最后在Console的Kernel里注册下命令：

// app/Console/Kernel
protected $commands = [
    // Commands\Inspire::class,
//    Commands\RedisSubscribe::class,
//    Commands\RedisPublish::class,
//    Commands\MakeTestRepositoryCommand::class,
    Commands\MakeRepositoryCommand::class,
  ];

然后输入php artisan命令后就能看到这个make:repository命令了。

自动化生成RepositoryInterface和Repository文件

在MakeRepositoryCommand.php命令执行文件里写上模板自动生成逻辑，代码也不长，有些逻辑也有注释，可看：

use Config;
use Illuminate\Console\Command;
use Illuminate\Filesystem\Filesystem;
use Illuminate\Support\Composer;

class MakeRepositoryCommand extends Command
{
  /**
   * The name and signature of the console command.
   *
   * @var string
   */
  protected $signature = 'make:repository {repository} {--model=}';

  /**
   * The console command description.
   *
   * @var string
   */
  protected $description = 'Make a repository and interface';

  /**
   * @var
   */
  protected $repository;

  /**
   * @var
   */
  protected $model;

  /**
   * Create a new command instance.
   *
   * @param Filesystem $filesystem
   * @param Composer $composer
   */
  public function __construct(Filesystem $filesystem, Composer $composer)
  {
    parent::__construct();

    $this->files  = $filesystem;
    $this->composer = $composer;
  }

  /**
   * Execute the console command.
   *
   * @return mixed
   */
  public function handle()
  {
    //获取repository和model两个参数值
    $argument = $this->argument('repository');
    $option  = $this->option('model');
    //自动生成RepositoryInterface和Repository文件
    $this->writeRepositoryAndInterface($argument, $option);
    //重新生成autoload.php文件
    $this->composer->dumpAutoloads();
  }

  private function writeRepositoryAndInterface($repository, $model)
  {
    if($this->createRepository($repository, $model)){
      //若生成成功,则输出信息
      $this->info('Success to make a '.ucfirst($repository).' Repository and a '.ucfirst($repository).'Interface Interface');
    }
  }

  private function createRepository($repository, $model)
  {
    // getter/setter 赋予成员变量值
    $this->setRepository($repository);
    $this->setModel($model);
    // 创建文件存放路径, RepositoryInterface放在app/Repositories,Repository个人一般放在app/Repositories/Eloquent里
    $this->createDirectory();
    // 生成两个文件
    return $this->createClass();
  }

  private function createDirectory()
  {
    $directory = $this->getDirectory();
    //检查路径是否存在,不存在创建一个,并赋予775权限
    if(! $this->files->isDirectory($directory)){
      return $this->files->makeDirectory($directory, 0755, true);
    }
  }

  private function getDirectory()
  {
    return Config::get('repository.directory_eloquent_path');
  }

  private function createClass()
  {
    //渲染模板文件,替换模板文件中变量值
    $templates = $this->templateStub();
    $class   = null;
    foreach ($templates as $key => $template) {
      //根据不同路径,渲染对应的模板文件
      $class = $this->files->put($this->getPath($key), $template);
    }
    return $class;
  }

  private function getPath($class)
  {
    // 两个模板文件,对应的两个路径
    $path = null;
    switch($class){
      case 'Eloquent':
        $path = $this->getDirectory().DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR.$this->getRepositoryName().'.php';
        break;
      case 'Interface':
        $path = $this->getInterfaceDirectory().DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR.$this->getInterfaceName().'.php';
        break;
    }

    return $path;
  }

  private function getInterfaceDirectory()
  {
    return Config::get('repository.directory_path');
  }

  private function getRepositoryName()
  {
    // 根据输入的repository变量参数,是否需要加上'Repository'
    $repositoryName = $this->getRepository();
    if((strlen($repositoryName) < strlen('Repository')) || strrpos($repositoryName, 'Repository', -11)){
      $repositoryName .= 'Repository';
    }
    return $repositoryName;
  }

  private function getInterfaceName()
  {
    return $this->getRepositoryName().'Interface';
  }

  /**
   * @return mixed
   */
  public function getRepository()
  {
    return $this->repository;
  }

  /**
   * @param mixed $repository
   */
  public function setRepository($repository)
  {
    $this->repository = $repository;
  }

  /**
   * @return mixed
   */
  public function getModel()
  {
    return $this->model;
  }

  /**
   * @param mixed $model
   */
  public function setModel($model)
  {
    $this->model = $model;
  }

  private function templateStub()
  {
    // 获取两个模板文件
    $stubs    = $this->getStub();
    // 获取需要替换的模板文件中变量
    $templateData = $this->getTemplateData();
    $renderStubs = [];
    foreach ($stubs as $key => $stub) {
      // 进行模板渲染
      $renderStubs[$key] = $this->getRenderStub($templateData, $stub);
    }

    return $renderStubs;
  }

  private function getStub()
  {
    $stubs = [
      'Eloquent' => $this->files->get(resource_path('stubs/Repository').DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR.'Eloquent'.DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR.'repository.stub'),
      'Interface' => $this->files->get(resource_path('stubs/Repository').DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR.'repository_interface.stub'),
    ];

    return $stubs;
  }

  private function getTemplateData()
  {
    $repositoryNamespace     = Config::get('repository.repository_namespace');
    $modelNamespace        = 'App\\'.$this->getModelName();
    $repositoryInterfaceNamespace = Config::get('repository.repository_interface_namespace');
    $repositoryInterface     = $this->getInterfaceName();
    $className          = $this->getRepositoryName();
    $modelName          = $this->getModelName();

    $templateVar = [
      'repository_namespace'      => $repositoryNamespace,
      'model_namespace'        => $modelNamespace,
      'repository_interface_namespace' => $repositoryInterfaceNamespace,
      'repository_interface'      => $repositoryInterface,
      'class_name'           => $className,
      'model_name'           => $modelName,
      'model_var_name'         => strtolower($modelName),
    ];

    return $templateVar;
  }

  private function getRenderStub($templateData, $stub)
  {
    foreach ($templateData as $search => $replace) {
      $stub = str_replace('$'.$search, $replace, $stub);
    }

    return $stub;
  }

  private function getModelName()
  {
    $modelName = $this->getModel();
    if(isset($modelName) && !empty($modelName)){
      $modelName = ucfirst($modelName);
    }else{
      // 若option选项没写,则根据repository来生成Model Name
      $modelName = $this->getModelFromRepository();
    }

    return $modelName;
  }

  private function getModelFromRepository()
  {
    $repository = strtolower($this->getRepository());
    $repository = str_replace('repository', '', $repository);
    return ucfirst($repository);
  }

}

这里把一些常量值放在config/repository.php配置文件里了：

<?php
/**
 * Created by PhpStorm.
 * User: liuxiang
 * Date: 16/6/22
 * Time: 17:06
 */

return [

  'directory_path' => 'App'.DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR.'Repositories',
  'directory_eloquent_path' => 'App'.DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR.'Repositories'.DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR.'Eloquent',
  'repository_namespace' => 'App\Repositories\Eloquent',
  'repository_interface_namespace' => 'App\Repositories',

];

运行一下看可不可以吧，这里截个图：

It is working!!!

是可以生成RepositoryInterface和对应的接口实现文件，这里一个是加了--model选项一个没加的，没加的话这里第一个指令就默认Model的名称是Shop。

生成的文件内容不截图了，看下新生成的ShopRepository.php文件，的确是我想要的模板文件：

<?php
/**
 * Created by PhpStorm.
 * User: liuxiang
 */
namespace App\Repositories\Eloquent;

use App\Shop;
use App\Repositories\ShopRepositoryInterface;

class ShopRepository implements ShopRepositoryInterface
{
  /**
   * @var \App\Shop
   */
  public $shop;

  public function __construct(Shop $shop)
  {
    $this->shop = $shop;
  }

  /**
   * @param array $columns
   * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection|static[]
   */
  public function all($columns = array('*'))
  {
    return $this->shop->all($columns);
  }

  /**
   * @param int $perPage
   * @param array $columns
   * @return \Illuminate\Contracts\Pagination\LengthAwarePaginator
   */
  public function paginate($perPage = 15, $columns = array('*'))
  {
    return $this->shop->paginate($perPage, $columns);
  }

  /**
   * Create a new shop
   * @param array $data
   * @return \App\Shop
   */
  public function create(array $data)
  {
    return $this->shop->create($data);
  }

   /**
    * Update a shop
    * @param array $data
    * @param $id
    * @return \App\Shop
    */
  public function update($data = [], $id)
  {
    return $this->shop->whereId($id)->update($data);
  }

  /**
   * Store a shop
   * @param array $data
   * @return \App\Shop
   */
  public function store($data = [])
  {
    $this->shop->id = $data['id'];
    //...
    $this->shop->save();
  }

  /**
   * Delete a shop
   * @param array $data
   * @param $id
   * @return \App\Shop
   */
  public function delete($data = [], $id)
  {
    $this->shop->whereId($id)->delete();
  }

  /**
   * @param $id
   * @param array $columns
   * @return array|\Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection|static[]
   */
  public function find($id, $columns = array('*'))
  {
    $Shop = $this->shop->whereId($id)->get($columns);
    return $Shop;
  }

  /**
   * @param $field
   * @param $value
   * @param array $columns
   * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection|static[]
   */
  public function findBy($field, $value, $columns = array('*'))
  {
    $Shop = $this->shop->where($field, '=', $value)->get($columns);
    return $Shop;
  }

}

总结：本文主要用Laravel的Artisan命令来自动生成个人需要的模板，减少平时开发中重复劳动。就像Laravel自带了很多模板生成命令，用起来会节省很多时间。这是作者在平时开发中遇到的问题，通过利用Laravel Artisan命令解决了，所以Laravel还是挺好玩的。有兴趣的可以把代码扒下来玩一玩，并根据你自己想要的模板做修改。这两天想就Repository模式封装Model逻辑的方法和好处聊一聊，到时见。希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持我们