浅析C++中单链表的增、删、改、减
首先是是一个简单的例子,单链表的建立和输出。
程序1.1
代码如下:
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
struct Student{
string name;
string score;
Student *next;//定义了指向Candidate类型变量的指针
};
int main(){
int n;//
cout<<"请输入学生的总数:";
cin>>n;
int i=1;
Student *p=NULL;
Student *node=NULL;
Student *head=NULL;
//建立链表
for(;i<=n;i++){
node=new Student;
cout<<"请输入第"<<i<<"个同学的姓名:";
cin>>node->name;
cout<<"请输入第"<<i<<"个同学的成绩:";
cin>>node->score;
if(head==NULL)
head=node;
else
p->next=node;
p=node;
if(i==n){
p->next=NULL;
}
}
//输出链表
p=head;
cout<<"链表已经建立!"<<endl;
cout<<"\n==========下面输入刚才的数据=============\n"<<endl;
i=1;
while(p!=NULL){
cout<<"第"<<i<<"个同学==="<<p->name<<"==成绩===="<<p->score<<endl;
p=p->next;
i++;
}
//销毁链表
Student *d;
p=head;
while(p!=NULL){
d=p;
p=p->next;
delete d;
}
return 0;
}
在程序1.1中,我们已经建立了一个链表。然后,我们在小樱和鸣人之间插入一个佐井同学的成绩
代码如下:
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
struct Student{
string name;
string score;
Student *next;//定义了指向Candidate类型变量的指针
};
Student * Create(Student * head){
Student *p=NULL;
Student *node=NULL;
int n;//
cout<<"请输入学生的总数:";
cin>>n;
for(int i=1;i<=n;i++){
node=new Student;
cout<<"请输入第"<<i<<"个同学的姓名:";
cin>>node->name;
cout<<"请输入第"<<i<<"个同学的成绩:";
cin>>node->score;
if(head==NULL)
head=node;
else
p->next=node;
p=node;
if(i==n){
p->next=NULL;
}
}
return head;
}
void Print(Student * head){
Student *p=NULL;
p=head;
cout<<"链表已经建立!"<<endl;
cout<<"\n==========下面输入刚才的数据=============\n"<<endl;
int i=1;
while(p!=NULL){
cout<<"第"<<i<<"个同学==="<<p->name<<"==成绩===="<<p->score<<endl;
p=p->next;
i++;
}
cout<<"\n"<<endl;
}
void Insert(Student * head,int k){
Student *p=NULL;
Student *node=NULL;
p=head;
int i=1;
while(p!=NULL){
if(i+1==k){
node=new Student;
cout<<"第"<<k<<"位同学的名字:";
cin>>node->name;
cout<<"第"<<k<<"位同学的成绩:";
cin>>node->score;
node->next=p->next;
p->next=node;
}
p=p->next;
i++;
}
}
void Destory(Student * head){
Student *d;
Student *p=NULL;
p=head;
while(p!=NULL){
d=p;
p=p->next;
delete d;
}
}
int main(){
Student *head=NULL;
//创建链表
head=Create(head);
//输出链表
Print(head);
//插入数据
int k;
cout<<"请输入你要插入的同学的序号:";
cin>>k;
Insert(head,k);
//输出链表
Print(head);
//销毁链表
Destory(head);
return 0;
}
现在,佐井同学的成绩已经插入。
但是,卡卡西老师发现,鸣人的成绩抄错了,实际上是100,需要修改成绩;然后,佐助同学辍学了,所以,还要删除他的成绩。
代码如下:
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
struct Student{
string name;
string score;
Student *next;//定义了指向Candidate类型变量的指针
};
Student * Create(Student * head){
Student *p=NULL;
Student *node=NULL;
int n;//
cout<<"请输入学生的总数:";
cin>>n;
for(int i=1;i<=n;i++){
node=new Student;
cout<<"请输入第"<<i<<"个同学的姓名:";
cin>>node->name;
cout<<"请输入第"<<i<<"个同学的成绩:";
cin>>node->score;
if(head==NULL)
head=node;
else
p->next=node;
p=node;
if(i==n){
p->next=NULL;
}
}
return head;
}
void Print(Student * head){
Student *p=NULL;
p=head;
cout<<"链表已经建立!"<<endl;
cout<<"\n==========下面输入刚才的数据=============\n"<<endl;
int i=1;
while(p!=NULL){
cout<<"第"<<i<<"个同学==="<<p->name<<"==成绩===="<<p->score<<endl;
p=p->next;
i++;
}
cout<<"\n"<<endl;
}
void Insert(Student * head,int k){
Student *p=NULL;
Student *node=NULL;
p=head;
if(k==1){
node=new Student;
cout<<"第1位同学的名字:";
cin>>node->name;
cout<<"第1位同学的成绩:";
cin>>node->score;
node->next=head->next;
head=node;
}
int i=1;
while(p!=NULL){
if(i+1==k){
node=new Student;
cout<<"第"<<k<<"位同学的名字:";
cin>>node->name;
cout<<"第"<<k<<"位同学的成绩:";
cin>>node->score;
node->next=p->next;
p->next=node;
}
p=p->next;
i++;
}
}
void Destory(Student * head){
Student *d;
Student *p=NULL;
p=head;
while(p!=NULL){
d=p;
p=p->next;
delete d;
}
}
void Alter(Student * head,int k){
int i=1;
Student *p=head;
while(p!=NULL){
if(i==k){
cout<<"第"<<k<<"位同学的名字:";
cin>>p->name;
cout<<"第"<<k<<"位同学的成绩:";
cin>>p->score;
}
p=p->next;
i++;
}
}
Student * Delete(Student * head,int k){
int i=1;
Student *p=head;
Student *d=head;
if(k==1){
head=head->next;
}else{
while(p!=NULL){
if(i+1==k){
p->next=p->next->next;
}
p=p->next;
i++;
}
}
return head;
}
int main(){
Student *head=NULL;
//创建链表
head=Create(head);
//输出链表
Print(head);
//插入数据
int k;
cout<<"请输入你要插入的同学的序号:";
cin>>k;
Insert(head,k);
//输出链表
Print(head);
//修改链表
cout<<"请输入你要修改的同学的序号:";
cin>>k;
Alter(head,k);
//输出链表
Print(head);
//删除其中的一个项
cout<<"请输入你要删除的同学的序号:";
cin>>k;
head=Delete(head,k);
//输出链表
Print(head);
//销毁链表
Destory(head);
return 0;
}