PHP laravel实现配置使用多数据库

有的时候，我们在开发的过程中需要连接多个数据库。

Laravel框架中早已为我们想到了这样的需求。

配置很简单。

在根目录下的/config/database.php文件中配置：

Laravel中为我们提前预设了多种类型的数据库连接

  'connections' => [

        'sqlite' => [
            'driver' => 'sqlite',
            'url' => env('DATABASE_URL'),
            'database' => env('DB_DATABASE', database_path('database.sqlite')),
            'prefix' => '',
            'foreign_key_constraints' => env('DB_FOREIGN_KEYS', true),
        ],

        'mysql' => [
            'driver' => 'mysql',
            'url' => env('DATABASE_URL'),
            'host' => env('DB_HOST', '127.0.0.1'),
            'port' => env('DB_PORT', '3306'),
            'database' => env('DB_DATABASE', 'forge'),
            'username' => env('DB_USERNAME', 'forge'),
            'password' => env('DB_PASSWORD', ''),
            'unix_socket' => env('DB_SOCKET', ''),
            'charset' => 'utf8mb4',
            'collation' => 'utf8mb4_unicode_ci',
            'prefix' => '',
            'prefix_indexes' => true,
            'strict' => true,
            'engine' => null,
            'options' => extension_loaded('pdo_mysql') ? array_filter([
                PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_SSL_CA => env('MYSQL_ATTR_SSL_CA'),
            ]) : [],
        ],

        'pgsql' => [
            'driver' => 'pgsql',
            'url' => env('DATABASE_URL'),
            'host' => env('DB_HOST', '127.0.0.1'),
            'port' => env('DB_PORT', '5432'),
            'database' => env('DB_DATABASE', 'forge'),
            'username' => env('DB_USERNAME', 'forge'),
            'password' => env('DB_PASSWORD', ''),
            'charset' => 'utf8',
            'prefix' => '',
            'prefix_indexes' => true,
            'schema' => 'public',
            'sslmode' => 'prefer',
        ],

        'sqlsrv' => [
            'driver' => 'sqlsrv',
            'url' => env('DATABASE_URL'),
            'host' => env('DB_HOST', 'localhost'),
            'port' => env('DB_PORT', '1433'),
            'database' => env('DB_DATABASE', 'forge'),
            'username' => env('DB_USERNAME', 'forge'),
            'password' => env('DB_PASSWORD', ''),
            'charset' => 'utf8',
            'prefix' => '',
            'prefix_indexes' => true,
        ],

    ],

默认连接的是mysql配置，配置项是存储在根目录下的.env文件中的。

如果使用多数据连接，则只需要，根据你的数据库类型，在配置你需要的数据库连接就好了。

如下面所示：

我增加了一个mysql数据库连接和oracle数据库连接

'connections' => [

        'sqlite' => [
            'driver' => 'sqlite',
            'url' => env('DATABASE_URL'),
            'database' => env('DB_DATABASE', database_path('database.sqlite')),
            'prefix' => '',
            'foreign_key_constraints' => env('DB_FOREIGN_KEYS', true),
        ],

        // 本地数据库，存储本地数据
        'mysql' => [
            'driver' => 'mysql',
            'url' => env('DATABASE_URL'),
            'host' => env('DB_HOST', 'xxxxx'),
            'port' => env('DB_PORT', '3306'),
            'database' => env('DB_DATABASE', xxxx),
            'username' => env('DB_USERNAME', xxxx),
            'password' => env('DB_PASSWORD', xxxxxxx'),
            'unix_socket' => env('DB_SOCKET', ''),
            'charset' => 'utf8mb4',
            'collation' => 'utf8mb4_unicode_ci',
            'prefix' => '',
            'prefix_indexes' => true,
            'strict' => false,
            'engine' => null,
            'options' => extension_loaded('pdo_mysql') ? array_filter([
                PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_SSL_CA => env('MYSQL_ATTR_SSL_CA'),
            ]) : [],
        ],

        // 线上数据库，将本地数据，同步至线上数据
        'mysql_base' => [
            'driver' => 'mysql',
            'read' => [
                'host' => env('DB_HOST_BASE', 'xxxxx'),
            ],
            'write' => [
                'host' => env('DB_HOST_BASE', 'xxxxx')
            ],
            'port' => env('DB_PORT_BASE', xxxx),
            'database' => env('DB_DATABASE_BASE', xxxx),
            'username' => env('DB_USERNAME_BASE', xxxxxx),
            'password' => env('DB_PASSWORD_BASE', 'xxxxx'),
            'unix_socket' => env('DB_SOCKET', ''),
            'charset' => 'utf8mb4',
            'collation' => 'utf8mb4_unicode_ci',
            'prefix' => '',
            'strict' => false,
            'engine' => null,
        ],

        'pgsql' => [
            'driver' => 'pgsql',
            'url' => env('DATABASE_URL'),
            'host' => env('DB_HOST', '127.0.0.1'),
            'port' => env('DB_PORT', '5432'),
            'database' => env('DB_DATABASE', 'forge'),
            'username' => env('DB_USERNAME', 'forge'),
            'password' => env('DB_PASSWORD', ''),
            'charset' => 'utf8',
            'prefix' => '',
            'prefix_indexes' => true,
            'schema' => 'public',
            'sslmode' => 'prefer',
        ],

        'sqlsrv' => [
            'driver' => 'sqlsrv',
            'url' => env('DATABASE_URL'),
            'host' => env('DB_HOST', 'localhost'),
            'port' => env('DB_PORT', '1433'),
            'database' => env('DB_DATABASE', 'forge'),
            'username' => env('DB_USERNAME', 'forge'),
            'password' => env('DB_PASSWORD', ''),
            'charset' => 'utf8',
            'prefix' => '',
            'prefix_indexes' => true,
        ],
         // oracle 数据库连接
        'oracle' => [
            'driver' => 'oracle',
            'host' => '210.30.64.37',
            'port' => xxx,
            'database' => '',
            'service_name' => xxxxx,
            'username' => xxx_xxxx,
            'password' => xxxx_xxxx,
            'charset' => 'AL32UTF8',
            'prefix' => '',
        ]

    ],

我们在使用其余的数据库连接，如下方所示：

1：使用原生sql

DB::connection('oracle')->select("SELECT * from  xxxxx WHERE XH = '{$personal_id}' AND XM = '{$name}'")

2：使用laravel封装的数据库方法：

$userinfo = DB::connection('mysql_base')->table('user')
                                                ->where('personal_id', '=', $data['personal_id'])
                                                ->where('name', '=', $data['name'])
                                                ->where('school_id', '=', $data['school_id'])
                                                ->select('id', 'type', 'school_id', 'personal_id', 'name', 'email', 'ilab_user', 'ilab_pwd')
                                                ->first();

最后，还是强调一句，数据库连接相关的用户名，连接，密码之类的，一般还是写在.env文件中的，方便我们统一管理。

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