linux最快的文本搜索神器ripgrep(grep的最好代替者)

前言

说到文本搜索工具，大家一定会知道 grep, 它是 linux 最有用并最常用的工具之一。
但如果要再一个大的工程项目中搜索某个关键词，大家也一定知道它比较耗时。
所以就有了很多替代工具，之前最出名的是 Ack，Ag
而最近又有了新的替代者 Ripgrep, 这个工具和 Ack/Ag 一样都使用了多线程的方法，但 rg 比它们更快

简介

ripgrep 是一个以行为单位的搜索工具， 它根据提供的 pattern 递归地在指定的目录里搜索。它是由 Rust 语言写成，相较与同类工具，它的特点就是无与伦比地快。
几个特点如下：

• 自动递归搜索 （grep 需要-R）
• 自动忽略.gitignore 中的文件以及 2 进制文件
• 可以搜索指定文件类型（rg -tpy foo限定 python 文件， rg -Tjs foo排除 js 文件)
• 支持大部分 grep 的 feature(常用的都有)
• 支持各种文件编译（UTF-8， UTF-16， latin-1, GBK, EUC-JP, Shift_JIS 等等）
• 支持搜索常见压缩文件(gzip, xz, lzma, bzip2, lz4)
• 自动高亮匹配的结果
• 更少的命令名称 rg (grep 是四个字符)
• 不支持多行搜索和花哨的正则

安装 ripgrep

先安装 RUST

curl https://sh.rustup.rs -sSf | sh

然后一路 enter 就好了

用 RUST 安装 rigpre

git clone https://github.com/BurntSushi/ripgrep
cd ripgrep
cargo build --release
cp ./target/release/rg /usr/local/bin/

最后一步根据你的情况把它放到某个在 PATH 里的路径里

使用

搜索结果展示

用法总体格式

USAGE:
  rg [OPTIONS] PATTERN [PATH ...]
  rg [OPTIONS] [-e PATTERN ...] [-f PATTERNFILE ...] [PATH ...]
  rg [OPTIONS] --files [PATH ...]
  rg [OPTIONS] --type-list
  command | rg [OPTIONS] PATTERN

输入参数

ARGS:
  <PATTERN>
      A regular expression used for searching. To match a pattern beginning with a
      dash, use the -e/--regexp flag.

      For example, to search for the literal '-foo', you can use this flag:

        rg -e -foo

      You can also use the special '--' delimiter to indicate that no more flags
      will be provided. Namely, the following is equivalent to the above:

        rg -- -foo

  <PATH>...
      A file or directory to search. Directories are searched recursively. Paths specified on
      the command line override glob and ignore rules.

实例展示

实例一

$ rg 'name' ./

实例二

搜索name为独立单词的内容(-w), 相当于<pattern>

$ rg -w 'name' ./

实例三

只打印包含匹配内容的文件名(-l)

$ rg -w 'name' ./ -l
src/cpp/epoll_server.cpp
src/cpp/uart_xtor.cpp

实例四

只搜索cpp文件(-t), 可以用-T来不搜索某种类型文件

$ rg -w 'name' ./ -tcpp

实例五

正则搜索(-e)

$ rg -e "sa.*port" ./ -tcpp

实例六

显示匹配内容及上下各两行(-C), -A/-B类似

$ rg -e "sa.*port" ./ -tcpp -C2

实例七

显示不含"debug"的行(-v)

$ rg -v "debug" -tcpp ./

实例八

只显示匹配部分(-o)

$ rg -e "if.*debug" ./ -tcpp -o

实例九

忽略大小写(-i)

$ rg -ie "if.*debug" ./ -tcpp -o

实例十

把pattern当成常量字符(-F), 像.(){}*+不需要escape，如果要搜索的字符是以-开头，那么要用--来作为分隔符，或者用rg -e "-foo"

rg -F "i++)" ./ -tcpp

实例十一

打印所有将被搜索的文件 --files

rg --files

实例十二

输出内置识别文件类型

$ rg --type-list
agda: *.agda, *.lagda
aidl: *.aidl
amake: *.bp, *.mk
asciidoc: *.adoc, *.asc, *.asciidoc
asm: *.S, *.asm, *.s
ats: *.ats, *.dats, *.hats, *.sats
avro: *.avdl, *.avpr, *.avsc
awk: *.awk
bazel: *.bzl, BUILD, WORKSPACE
bitbake: *.bb, *.bbappend, *.bbclass, *.conf, *.inc
bzip2: *.bz2
c: *.H, *.c, *.cats, *.h
cabal: *.cabal
cbor: *.cbor
ceylon: *.ceylon
clojure: *.clj, *.cljc, *.cljs, *.cljx
cmake: *.cmake, CMakeLists.txt
coffeescript: *.coffee
config: *.cfg, *.conf, *.config, *.ini
cpp: *.C, *.H, *.cc, *.cpp, *.cxx, *.h, *.hh, *.hpp, *.hxx, *.inl
creole: *.creole
crystal: *.cr, Projectfile
cs: *.cs
csharp: *.cs
cshtml: *.cshtml
css: *.css, *.scss
csv: *.csv
cython: *.pyx
d: *.d
dart: *.dart
dhall: *.dhall
docker: *Dockerfile*
elisp: *.el
elixir: *.eex, *.ex, *.exs
elm: *.elm
erlang: *.erl, *.hrl
fidl: *.fidl
fish: *.fish
fortran: *.F, *.F77, *.F90, *.F95, *.f, *.f77, *.f90, *.f95, *.pfo
fsharp: *.fs, *.fsi, *.fsx
gn: *.gn, *.gni
go: *.go
groovy: *.gradle, *.groovy
gzip: *.gz
h: *.h, *.hpp
haskell: *.c2hs, *.cpphs, *.hs, *.hsc, *.lhs
hbs: *.hbs
hs: *.hs, *.lhs
html: *.ejs, *.htm, *.html
idris: *.idr, *.lidr
java: *.java, *.jsp
jinja: *.j2, *.jinja, *.jinja2
jl: *.jl
js: *.js, *.jsx, *.vue
json: *.json, composer.lock
jsonl: *.jsonl
julia: *.jl
jupyter: *.ipynb, *.jpynb
kotlin: *.kt, *.kts
less: *.less
license: *[.-]LICEN[CS]E*, AGPL-*[0-9]*, APACHE-*[0-9]*, BSD-*[0-9]*, CC-BY-*, COPYING, COPYING[.-]*, COPYRIGHT, COPYRIGHT[.-]*, EULA, EULA[.-]*, GFDL-*[0-9]*, GNU-*[0-9]*, GPL-*[0-9]*, LGPL-*[0-9]*, LICEN[CS]E, LICEN[CS]E[.-]*, MIT-*[0-9]*, MPL-*[0-9]*, NOTICE, NOTICE[.-]*, OFL-*[0-9]*, PATENTS, PATENTS[.-]*, UNLICEN[CS]E, UNLICEN[CS]E[.-]*, agpl[.-]*, gpl[.-]*, lgpl[.-]*, licen[cs]e, licen[cs]e.*
lisp: *.el, *.jl, *.lisp, *.lsp, *.sc, *.scm
log: *.log
lua: *.lua
lz4: *.lz4
lzma: *.lzma
m4: *.ac, *.m4
make: *.mak, *.mk, GNUmakefile, Gnumakefile, Makefile, gnumakefile, makefile
man: *.[0-9][cEFMmpSx], *.[0-9lnpx]
markdown: *.markdown, *.md, *.mdown, *.mkdn
matlab: *.m
md: *.markdown, *.md, *.mdown, *.mkdn
mk: mkfile
ml: *.ml
msbuild: *.csproj, *.fsproj, *.proj, *.props, *.targets, *.vcxproj
nim: *.nim
nix: *.nix
objc: *.h, *.m
objcpp: *.h, *.mm
ocaml: *.ml, *.mli, *.mll, *.mly
org: *.org
pdf: *.pdf
perl: *.PL, *.perl, *.pl, *.plh, *.plx, *.pm, *.t
php: *.php, *.php3, *.php4, *.php5, *.phtml
pod: *.pod
protobuf: *.proto
ps: *.cdxml, *.ps1, *.ps1xml, *.psd1, *.psm1
puppet: *.erb, *.pp, *.rb
purs: *.purs
py: *.py
qmake: *.prf, *.pri, *.pro
r: *.R, *.Rmd, *.Rnw, *.r
rdoc: *.rdoc
readme: *README, README*
rst: *.rst
ruby: *.gemspec, *.rb, .irbrc, Gemfile, Rakefile
rust: *.rs
sass: *.sass, *.scss
scala: *.sbt, *.scala
sh: *.bash, *.bashrc, *.csh, *.cshrc, *.ksh, *.kshrc, *.sh, *.tcsh, *.zsh, .bash_login, .bash_logout, .bash_profile, .bashrc, .cshrc, .kshrc, .login, .logout, .profile, .tcshrc, .zlogin, .zlogout, .zprofile, .zshenv, .zshrc, bash_login, bash_logout, bash_profile, bashrc, profile, zlogin, zlogout, zprofile, zshenv, zshrc
smarty: *.tpl
sml: *.sig, *.sml
soy: *.soy
spark: *.spark
sql: *.psql, *.sql
stylus: *.styl
sv: *.h, *.sv, *.svh, *.v, *.vg
svg: *.svg
swift: *.swift
swig: *.def, *.i
systemd: *.automount, *.conf, *.device, *.link, *.mount, *.path, *.scope, *.service, *.slice, *.socket, *.swap, *.target, *.timer
taskpaper: *.taskpaper
tcl: *.tcl
tex: *.bib, *.cls, *.ltx, *.sty, *.tex
textile: *.textile
tf: *.tf
toml: *.toml, Cargo.lock
ts: *.ts, *.tsx
twig: *.twig
txt: *.txt
vala: *.vala
vb: *.vb
verilog: *.sv, *.svh, *.v, *.vh
vhdl: *.vhd, *.vhdl
vim: *.vim
vimscript: *.vim
webidl: *.idl, *.webidl, *.widl
wiki: *.mediawiki, *.wiki
xml: *.xml, *.xml.dist
xz: *.xz
yacc: *.y
yaml: *.yaml, *.yml
zsh: *.zsh, .zlogin, .zlogout, .zprofile, .zshenv, .zshrc, zlogin, zlogout, zprofile, zshenv, zshrc

总结

ripgrep的搜索速度真是快的飞起来，在浏览代码时对我的帮助非常大。我相信它对于每一个码农的价值都是无限大的，特别是结合FZF之后。
唯一的弱点是对正则的支持，但这是一个取舍，如果采用如PCRE那样的库的话，一定会极大影响速度。

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