c# AES字节数组加密解密流程及代码实现
AES类时微软MSDN中最常用的加密类,微软官网也有例子,参考链接:https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/dotnet/api/system.security.cryptography.aes?view=netframework-4.8
但是这个例子并不好用,限制太多,通用性差,实际使用中,我遇到的更多情况需要是这样:
1、输入一个字节数组,经AES加密后,直接输出加密后的字节数组。
2、输入一个加密后的字节数组,经AES解密后,直接输出原字节数组。
对于我这个十八流业余爱好者来说,AES我是以用为主的,所以具体的AES是怎么运算的,我其实并不关心,我更关心的是AES的处理流程。结果恰恰这一方面,网上的信息差强人意,看了网上不少的帖子,但感觉都没有说完整说透,而且很多帖子有错误。
因此,我自己绘制了一张此种方式下的流程图:
按照此流程图进行了核心代码的编写,验证方法AesCoreSingleTest既是依照此流程的产物,实例化类AesCoreSingle后调用此方法即可验证。
至于类中的异步方法EnOrDecryptFileAsync,则是专门用于文件加解密的处理,此异步方法参考自《C# 6.0学习笔记》(周家安 著)最后的示例,这本书写得真棒。
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.IO; using System.Linq; using System.Security.Cryptography; using System.Text; using System.Threading; using System.Threading.Tasks; using System.Windows; namespace AesSingleFile { class AesCoreSingle { /// <summary> /// 使用用户口令,生成符合AES标准的key和iv。 /// </summary> /// <param name="password">用户输入的口令</param> /// <returns>返回包含密钥和向量的元组</returns> private (byte[] Key, byte[] IV) GenerateKeyAndIV(string password) { byte[] key = new byte[32]; byte[] iv = new byte[16]; byte[] hash = default; if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(password)) throw new ArgumentException("必须输入口令!"); using (SHA384 sha = SHA384.Create()) { byte[] buffer = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(password); hash = sha.ComputeHash(buffer); } //用SHA384的原因:生成的384位哈希值正好被分成两段使用。(32+16)*8=384。 Array.Copy(hash, 0, key, 0, 32);//生成256位密钥(32*8=256) Array.Copy(hash, 32, iv, 0, 16);//生成128位向量(16*8=128) return (Key: key, IV: iv); } public byte[] EncryptByte(byte[] buffer, string password) { byte[] encrypted; using (Aes aes = Aes.Create()) { //设定密钥和向量 (aes.Key, aes.IV) = GenerateKeyAndIV(password); //设定运算模式和填充模式 aes.Mode = CipherMode.CBC;//默认 aes.Padding = PaddingMode.PKCS7;//默认 //创建加密器对象(加解密方法不同处仅仅这一句话) var encryptor = aes.CreateEncryptor(aes.Key, aes.IV); using (MemoryStream msEncrypt = new MemoryStream()) { using (CryptoStream csEncrypt = new CryptoStream(msEncrypt, encryptor, CryptoStreamMode.Write))//选择Write模式 { csEncrypt.Write(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);//对原数组加密并写入流中 csEncrypt.FlushFinalBlock();//使用Write模式需要此句,但Read模式必须要有。 encrypted = msEncrypt.ToArray();//从流中写入数组(加密之后,数组变长,详见方法AesCoreSingleTest内容) } } } return encrypted; } public byte[] DecryptByte(byte[] buffer, string password) { byte[] decrypted; using (Aes aes = Aes.Create()) { //设定密钥和向量 (aes.Key, aes.IV) = GenerateKeyAndIV(password); //设定运算模式和填充模式 aes.Mode = CipherMode.CBC;//默认 aes.Padding = PaddingMode.PKCS7;//默认 //创建解密器对象(加解密方法不同处仅仅这一句话) var decryptor = aes.CreateDecryptor(aes.Key, aes.IV); using (MemoryStream msDecrypt = new MemoryStream(buffer)) { using (CryptoStream csDecrypt = new CryptoStream(msDecrypt, decryptor, CryptoStreamMode.Read))//选择Read模式 { byte[] buffer_T = new byte[buffer.Length];/*--s1:创建临时数组,用于包含可用字节+无用字节--*/ int i = csDecrypt.Read(buffer_T, 0, buffer.Length);/*--s2:对加密数组进行解密,并通过i确定实际多少字节可用--*/ //csDecrypt.FlushFinalBlock();//使用Read模式不能有此句,但write模式必须要有。 decrypted = new byte[i];/*--s3:创建只容纳可用字节的数组--*/ Array.Copy(buffer_T, 0, decrypted, 0, i);/*--s4:从bufferT拷贝出可用字节到decrypted--*/ } } return decrypted; } } public byte[] EnOrDecryptByte(byte[] buffer, string password, ActionDirection direction) { if (buffer == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("buffer为空"); if (password == null || password == "") throw new ArgumentNullException("password为空"); if (direction == ActionDirection.EnCrypt) return EncryptByte(buffer, password); else return DecryptByte(buffer, password); } public enum ActionDirection//该枚举说明是加密还是解密 { EnCrypt,//加密 DeCrypt//解密 } public static void AesCoreSingleTest(string s_in, string password)//验证加密解密模块正确性方法 { byte[] buffer = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(s_in); AesCoreSingle aesCore = new AesCoreSingle(); byte[] buffer_ed = aesCore.EncryptByte(buffer, password); byte[] buffer_ed2 = aesCore.DecryptByte(buffer_ed, password); string s = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(buffer_ed2); string s2 = "下列字符串\n" + s + '\n' + $"原buffer长度 → {buffer.Length}, 加密后buffer_ed长度 → {buffer_ed.Length}, 解密后buffer_ed2长度 → {buffer_ed2.Length}"; MessageBox.Show(s2); /* 字符串在加密前后的变化(默认CipherMode.CBC运算模式, PaddingMode.PKCS7填充模式) * 1、如果数组长度为16的倍数,则加密后的数组长度=原长度+16 如对于下列字符串 D:\User\Documents\Administrator - DOpus Config - 2020-06-301.ocb 使用UTF8编码转化为字节数组后, 原buffer → 64, 加密后buffer_ed → 80, 解密后buffer_ed2 → 64 * 2、如果数组长度不为16的倍数,则加密后的数组长度=16倍数向上取整 如对于下列字符串 D:\User\Documents\cc_20200630_113921.reg 使用UTF8编码转化为字节数组后 原buffer → 40, 加密后buffer_ed → 48, 解密后buffer_ed2 → 40 参考文献: 1-《AES补位填充PaddingMode.Zeros模式》http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-29641438-id-5786927.html 2-《关于PKCS5Padding与PKCS7Padding的区别》https://www.cnblogs.com/midea0978/articles/1437257.html 3-《AES-128 ECB 加密有感》http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_60cf051301015orf.html */ } /***---声明CancellationTokenSource对象--***/ private CancellationTokenSource cts;//using System.Threading;引用 public Task EnOrDecryptFileAsync(Stream inStream, long inStream_Seek, Stream outStream, long outStream_Seek, string password, ActionDirection direction, IProgress<int> progress) { /***---实例化CancellationTokenSource对象--***/ cts?.Dispose();//cts为空,不动作,cts不为空,执行Dispose。 cts = new CancellationTokenSource(); Task mytask = new Task( () => { EnOrDecryptFile(inStream, inStream_Seek, outStream, outStream_Seek, password, direction, progress); }, cts.Token, TaskCreationOptions.LongRunning); mytask.Start(); return mytask; } public void EnOrDecryptFile(Stream inStream, long inStream_Seek, Stream outStream, long outStream_Seek, string password, ActionDirection direction, IProgress<int> progress) { if (inStream == null || outStream == null) throw new ArgumentException("输入流与输出流是必须的"); //--调整流的位置(通常是为了避开文件头部分) inStream.Seek(inStream_Seek, SeekOrigin.Begin); outStream.Seek(outStream_Seek, SeekOrigin.Begin); //用于记录处理进度 long total_Length = inStream.Length - inStream_Seek; long totalread_Length = 0; //初始化报告进度 progress.Report(0); using (Aes aes = Aes.Create()) { //设定密钥和向量 (aes.Key, aes.IV) = GenerateKeyAndIV(password); //创建加密器解密器对象(加解密方法不同处仅仅这一句话) ICryptoTransform cryptor; if (direction == ActionDirection.EnCrypt) cryptor = aes.CreateEncryptor(aes.Key, aes.IV); else cryptor = aes.CreateDecryptor(aes.Key, aes.IV); using (CryptoStream cstream = new CryptoStream(outStream, cryptor, CryptoStreamMode.Write)) { byte[] buffer = new byte[512 * 1024];//每次读取512kb的数据 int readLen = 0; while ((readLen = inStream.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length)) != 0) { // 向加密流写入数据 cstream.Write(buffer, 0, readLen); totalread_Length += readLen; //汇报处理进度 if (progress != null) { long per = 100 * totalread_Length / total_Length; progress.Report(Convert.ToInt32(per)); } } } } } } }
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