C语言实现手写JSON解析的方法详解
目录
- 什么是JSON
- JSON支持的数据类型
- JSON语法规则
- JSON的解析
- JSON基本语法
- 编写解析器
- 头文件
- 实现文件
什么是JSON
JSON(JavaScript Object Notation)是一种轻量级的数据交换格式,用来传输属性值或者序列性的值组成的数据对象。
JSON是JavaScript的一个子集。
具有良好的可读性和便于快速编写的特性。
JSON是独立于语言的文本格式,并且采用了类似C语言家族的一些习惯。
JSON数据格式与语言无关,是目前网络中主流的数据传输格式之一,使用率几乎为99%。
JSON支持的数据类型
JSON里面的数据以一种键值对的方式存在,即“key”:“value” 类型可以是数据类型中的任意一种:
JSON语法规则
JSON的语法规则非常简单,使用
大括号——{}
中括号——[]
逗号——,
冒号——:
双引号——“” (一般可以不需要)
JSON的解析
在解析JSON是我们会遇到两种情况,其一是解析大括号——{}类型,其二是解析中括号类型——[],以及这两种类型的组合模式。
JSON基本语法
对象类型(Object)
{ "name" : "佩奇" , "age" : "8" }
数组类型(Array)
[ "喜羊羊","懒羊羊",5,true,null ]
对象组合形
{ "name" : "佩奇" , "age" : "8", "friend" :[{"name" : " 喜羊羊 " , "age" : "5"} , {"name" : " 懒羊羊 " , "age" : "6"}] //对象类型嵌套数组类型,数组类型嵌套对象类型 }
数组组合型
[ [{"name" : "佩奇" ,"age" : "8"},{"name" : "佩奇" ,"age" : "8"}],[{},{}]]
编写解析器
头文件
// // Created by huanmin on 2022/9/15. // #ifndef STUDY_JSON_H #define STUDY_JSON_H #include "../util/str_util.h" #include <stdio.h> #include "charhashmap.h" #include "charlist.h" #include "../util/assertmy.h" static char *str_to_json_placeholder(char *string, CharHashMap *map, CharHashMap *list); static char *querySubstitute(char *string, CharHashMap *map, CharHashMap *list); BOOL str_is_json(char *string); CharList *str_to_json_array(char *array); CharHashMap *str_to_json_map(char *dict); char *map_to_json_str(CharHashMap *pMap); char *array_to_json_str(CharList *pCharlist); BOOL str_is_map(char *str); BOOL str_is_array(char *str); #endif //STUDY_JSON_H
实现文件
// // Created by huanmin on 2022/9/15. // #include "json.h" //转换字符串为JSON_先进行占位符替换 static char *str_to_json_placeholder(char *string, CharHashMap *map, CharHashMap *list) { //判断是否有[],如果有那么提取出来,并且将位置上的内容替换为 @arri int zi = 0; int start = -1; while ((start = str_find(string, "[")) != -1) { int length = str_length(string); int jilu = 0; int end = -1; for (int i = start; i < length; ++i) { if (string[i] == '[') { jilu++; } if (string[i] == ']') { jilu--; if (jilu == 0) { end = i; break; } } } char *arr_str = str_substring(string, start, end); char *append = str_concat(3, "@arr", int_to_str(zi), "@"); putCharHashMap(list, append, arr_str); string = str_replace(string, arr_str, append); zi++; } zi = 0; start = -1; //判断是否有{},如果有那么提取出来, 并且将位置上的内容替换为@mapi while ((start = str_find(string, "{")) != -1) { int length = str_length(string); int jilu = 0; int end = -1; for (int i = start; i < length; ++i) { if (string[i] == '{') { jilu++; } if (string[i] == '}') { jilu--; if (jilu == 0) { end = i; break; } } } char *map_str = str_substring(string, start, end); char *append = str_concat(3, "@map", int_to_str(zi), "@"); putCharHashMap(map, append, map_str); string = str_replace(string, map_str, append); zi++; } return string; } static char *querySubstitute(char *string, CharHashMap *map, CharHashMap *list) { char *str = string; int start = -1; //替换 if (str_start_with(string, "@map")) { while ((start = str_find(str, "@map")) != -1) { int end = str_find_n(str, "@", start + 1, str_length(str)); char *substring = str_substring(str, start, end); str = (char *) getCharHashMap(map, substring); } } else if (str_start_with(string, "@arr")) { //替换参数为原来的值 while ((start = str_find(str, "@arr")) != -1) { int end = str_find_n(str, "@", start + 1, str_length(str)); char *substring = str_substring(str, start, end); str = (char *) getCharHashMap(list, substring); } } start = -1; //判断是否还包含@map或者@arr,如果有那么就继续替换 while ((start = str_find(str, "@map")) != -1 || (start = str_find(str, "@arr")) != -1) { //截取所有的@map@和@arr@,并且将其替换为原来的字符串 CharList *pCharlist = createCharList(10); while ((str_find_n(str, "@map", start, str_length(str))) != -1 || (str_find_n(str, "@arr", start, str_length(str))) != -1) { int end = str_find_n(str, "@", start + 1, str_length(str)); char *substring = str_substring(str, start, end); addCharList(pCharlist, substring); start = end; } CharListIterator *pIterator = createCharListIterator(pCharlist); while (hasNextCharListIterator(pIterator)) { char *key = nextCharListIterator(pIterator); if (str_start_with(key, "@map")) { char *value = (char *) getCharHashMap(map, key); str = str_replace(str, key, value); } else if (str_start_with(key, "@arr")) { char *value = (char *) getCharHashMap(list, key); str = str_replace(str, key, value); } } } return str; } //将字符串数组格式[1,2,3]或者[{a:b,c:d},{a:b,c:d}]转换为List ,(没有任何格式验证,全靠自己规范编写) CharList *str_to_json_array(char *array) { if (array == NULL || str_length(array) == 0) { return NULL; } char *trim = str_trim(array); char *string = str_substring(trim, 1, str_length(trim) - 2); CharHashMap *map = createCharHashMap(10); CharHashMap *list = createCharHashMap(10); char *string1 = str_to_json_placeholder(string, map, list); CharList *pCharlist = str_split(string1, ","); for (int i = 0; i < pCharlist->len; ++i) { char *v = pCharlist->str[i]; pCharlist->str[i] = querySubstitute(v, map, list); } return pCharlist; } //将json对象字符串{a:b,c:d},转换为hashMap ,(没有任何格式验证,全靠自己规范编写) CharHashMap *str_to_json_map(char *dict) { if (dict == NULL || str_length(dict) == 0) { return NULL; } char *trim = str_trim(dict); char *string = str_substring(trim, 1, str_length(trim) - 2); CharHashMap *map = createCharHashMap(10); CharHashMap *list = createCharHashMap(10); char *string1 = str_to_json_placeholder(string, map, list); CharList *pCharlist = str_split(string1, ","); int str_len = pCharlist->len; if (str_len == 0) { return NULL; } //分割key和value CharHashMap *pMap = createCharHashMap(str_len); for (int i = 0; i < str_len; i++) { char *str = pCharlist->str[i]; CharList *pList = str_split(str, ":"); char *key = str_trim(pList->str[0]); char *value = str_trim(pList->str[1]); putCharHashMap(pMap, key, querySubstitute(value, map, list)); } return pMap; } //将hashMap转换为json对象{a:b,c:d,v:[1,2],f:{a:b,c:d}} ,(没有任何格式验证,全靠自己规范编写) char *map_to_json_str(CharHashMap *pMap) { if (pMap == NULL) { return NULL; } char *string = str_create("{"); int len = pMap->size; //创建迭代器 CharHashMapIterator *pIterator = createCharHashMapIterator(pMap); while (hasNextCharHashMapIterator(pIterator)) { CharKvLinkedNode *pNode = nextCharHashMapIterator(pIterator); string = str_append(string, pNode->key); string = str_append(string, ":"); string = str_append(string, pNode->value); if (len != 1) { string = str_append(string, ","); } len--; } string = str_append(string, "}"); return string; } //将CharList转换为json数组格式[1,2,[1,2,3]]或者[{},{}] ,(没有任何格式验证,全靠自己规范编写) char *array_to_json_str(CharList *pCharlist) { if (pCharlist == NULL) { return NULL; } char *string = str_create("["); for (int i = 0; i < pCharlist->len; ++i) { string = str_append(string, pCharlist->str[i]); if (i != pCharlist->len - 1) { string = str_append(string, ","); } } string = str_append(string, "]"); return string; } //判断是否是json对象 BOOL str_is_map(char *str) { if (str == NULL) { return FALSE; } if (str_length(str) < 2) { return FALSE; } if (str_start_with(str, "{") && str_end_with(str, "}")) { return TRUE; } return FALSE; } //判断是否是数组 BOOL str_is_array(char *str) { if (str == NULL) { return FALSE; } if (str_length(str) < 2) { return FALSE; } if (str_start_with(str, "[") && str_end_with(str, "]")) { return TRUE; } return FALSE; }
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