Spring+SpringMVC+Hibernate项目环境搭建的步骤(图文)
- 工具篇:Intellij Idea+maven+Spring+SpringMVC
- Spring+SpringMVC环境搭建
一、SpringMVC环境搭建
1、创建新项目
(1)、第一步是创建一个由Maven原型的项目,根据图片上的步骤一次选择Maven—–>create from archetype—->maven-archtype-webapp
(2)、第二步是填写GroupId 和ArtifactId
(3)、在位置1处选择我们maven安装的目录,在位置2处选择settings.xml的路径(我只是设置了一次之后就是默认的了)
(4)、设置项目名和项目的位置
到这里项目就创建成功了
2、添加Maven中项目所需要的Jar包
在pom.xml中添加项目SpringMVC所依赖的Jar包
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.zbt</groupId> <artifactId>enviroment</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <packaging>war</packaging> <name>enviroment Maven Webapp</name> <!-- FIXME change it to the project's website --> <url>http://www.example.com</url> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <maven.compiler.source>1.7</maven.compiler.source> <maven.compiler.target>1.7</maven.compiler.target> </properties> <dependencies> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-aop --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId> <version>5.0.6.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-aspects --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId> <version>5.0.6.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-beans --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId> <version>5.0.6.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-context --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId> <version>5.0.6.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-core --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId> <version>5.0.6.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-expression --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-expression</artifactId> <version>5.0.6.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-jdbc --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId> <version>5.0.6.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-orm --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId> <version>5.0.6.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-tx --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId> <version>5.0.6.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-web --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId> <version>5.0.6.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-webmvc --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> <version>5.0.6.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <!--servlet相关的Jar包--> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId> <version>3.1.0</version> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>jstl</artifactId> <version>1.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>taglibs</groupId> <artifactId>standard</artifactId> <version>1.1.2</version> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <finalName>enviroment</finalName> </build> </project>
3、配置web.xml文件
<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN" "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" > <web-app version="2.4" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd"> <!--设置我们的url都会交给DispatcherServlet--> <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list> <servlet> <servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <init-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:/spring-mvc.xml</param-value> </init-param> <!--Tomcat 启动时就会初始化DispatcherServlet--> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name> <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> </web-app>
5、配置spring-mvc.xml文件
在resources文件夹下新建一个spring-mvc.xml。spring-mvc.xml文件的功能是什么?
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd"> <!--启用spring的一些annotation--> <context:annotation-config/> <!--自动扫描com.zbt.controller--> <context:component-scan base-package="zbt.com.controller"/> <!--配置注解驱动可以将request参数绑定到controller参数上--> <mvc:annotation-driven/> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"> <property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"/> <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"></property> <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property> </bean> </beans>
6、编写Controller类
package controller; import org.apache.commons.logging.Log; import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; @Controller @RequestMapping("/student") public class StudentController { private static final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(StudentController.class); @RequestMapping("/hello") public String sayHi(){ logger.info("sayHi are called!"); return "hello"; } }
在WEB-INF/jsp文件夹下创建测试的hello.jsp
<html> <body> <h2>Hello World!</h2> </body> </html>
启动服务器,在浏览器中输入
http://localhost:8088/student/hello.do
显示结果为
注意事项
(1)、url-pattern最好配置成下面的形式
<servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name> <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping>
而不是下面这种形式
<servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping>
配置成第二种模式会出现下面的情况
27-Jun-2018 15:04:02.761 警告 [http-nio-8088-exec-8] org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.noHandlerFound No mapping found for HTTP request with URI [/WEB-INF/jsp/hello.jsp] in DispatcherServlet with name 'springMVC'
网页会出现如下情况
(2)、我们的spring-mvc.xml是放在resources文件夹下面的,以后就按照这种方式编写(注意这是在Intellij idea中,在Eclipse中我不知道会不是是一样的)
<init-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:/spring-mvc.xml</param-value> </init-param>
二、Spring+SpringMVC环境搭建
编写StudentService
package com.zbt.service; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; /** * Created by luckyboy on 2018/7/2. */ @Service public class StudentService { public String test(){ return "hello"; } }
创建applicationConfig配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.3.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.3.xsd "> <context:component-scan base-package="com.zbt"> <context:exclude-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/> </context:component-scan> </beans>
注意Spring这里的包扫描方式为,Spring扫描包的时候会排出@Controller注解,也就是不会扫描com.zbt.controller包
<context:component-scan base-package="com.zbt"> <context:exclude-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/> </context:component-scan>
修改spring-mvc.xml中的包扫描方式
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd"> <!--启用spring的一些annotation--> <context:annotation-config/> <!--自动扫描com.zbt 而不是com.zbt.controller包--> <context:component-scan base-package="com.zbt"/> <!--配置注解驱动可以将request参数绑定到controller参数上--> <mvc:annotation-driven/> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"> <property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"/> <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"></property> <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property> </bean> </beans>
将StudentService注入到StudentController中
package com.zbt.controller; import com.zbt.service.StudentService; import org.apache.commons.logging.Log; import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; /** * Created by luckyboy on 2018/6/27. */ @Controller @RequestMapping("/student") private static final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(StudentController.class); //使用Autowired将StudentService注入到StudentController中 @Autowired private StudentService stuService; @RequestMapping("/hello.do") public String sayHi(){ logger.info("sayHi are called!"); return "hello"; } @RequestMapping("/spring_hello.do") public String springSayHi(){ logger.info("sayHi are called by springSayHi"); return stuService.test(); } }
在StudentService类上面添加@Service注解
package com.zbt.service; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; /** * Created by luckyboy on 2018/7/2. */ @Service public class StudentService { public String test(){ return "hello"; } }
测试
启动服务器,在浏览器地址栏输入http://localhost:8088/student/spring_hello.do,响应如下
注意事项
我们在spring-mvc.xml中的配置包扫描时,如果包扫描配置如下
<!--错误配置方式--> <context:component-scan base-package="com.zbt.controller"/> <!--正确配置方式 <context:component-scan base-package="com.zbt"/> -->
出现的错误
org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.initServletBean Context initialization failed org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: Error creating bean with name 'studentController': Unsatisfied dependency expressed through field 'stuService'; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'com.zbt.service.StudentService' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)} at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:587) at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata.inject(InjectionMetadata.java:91) at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:373) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1348) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:578) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:501) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.lambda$doGetBean$0(AbstractBeanFactory.java:317) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:228) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:315) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:199) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:760) at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:869) at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:550) at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:672) at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.createWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:638) at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.createWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:686) at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.initWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:554) at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.initServletBean(FrameworkServlet.java:499) at org.springframework.web.servlet.HttpServletBean.init(HttpServletBean.java:172) at javax.servlet.GenericServlet.init(GenericServlet.java:158) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapper.initServlet(StandardWrapper.java:1144) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapper.loadServlet(StandardWrapper.java:1091) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapper.load(StandardWrapper.java:983) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.loadOnStartup(StandardContext.java:4939) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5249) at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150) at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase.java:754) at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:730) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:734) at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.manageApp(HostConfig.java:1736) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498) at org.apache.tomcat.util.modeler.BaseModelMBean.invoke(BaseModelMBean.java:300) at com.sun.jmx.interceptor.DefaultMBeanServerInterceptor.invoke(DefaultMBeanServerInterceptor.java:819) at com.sun.jmx.mbeanserver.JmxMBeanServer.invoke(JmxMBeanServer.java:801) at org.apache.catalina.mbeans.MBeanFactory.createStandardContext(MBeanFactory.java:482) at org.apache.catalina.mbeans.MBeanFactory.createStandardContext(MBeanFactory.java:431) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498) at org.apache.tomcat.util.modeler.BaseModelMBean.invoke(BaseModelMBean.java:300) at com.sun.jmx.interceptor.DefaultMBeanServerInterceptor.invoke(DefaultMBeanServerInterceptor.java:819) at com.sun.jmx.mbeanserver.JmxMBeanServer.invoke(JmxMBeanServer.java:801) at javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnectionImpl.doOperation(RMIConnectionImpl.java:1468) at javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnectionImpl.access$300(RMIConnectionImpl.java:76) at javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnectionImpl$PrivilegedOperation.run(RMIConnectionImpl.java:1309) at javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnectionImpl.doPrivilegedOperation(RMIConnectionImpl.java:1401) at javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnectionImpl.invoke(RMIConnectionImpl.java:829) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498) at sun.rmi.server.UnicastServerRef.dispatch(UnicastServerRef.java:357) at sun.rmi.transport.Transport$1.run(Transport.java:200) at sun.rmi.transport.Transport$1.run(Transport.java:197) at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method) at sun.rmi.transport.Transport.serviceCall(Transport.java:196) at sun.rmi.transport.tcp.TCPTransport.handleMessages(TCPTransport.java:568) at sun.rmi.transport.tcp.TCPTransport$ConnectionHandler.run0(TCPTransport.java:826) at sun.rmi.transport.tcp.TCPTransport$ConnectionHandler.lambda$run$0(TCPTransport.java:683) at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method) at sun.rmi.transport.tcp.TCPTransport$ConnectionHandler.run(TCPTransport.java:682) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1149) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:624) at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748) Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'com.zbt.service.StudentService' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)} at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.raiseNoMatchingBeanFound(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1509) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1104) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1065) at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:584) ... 67 more
会出现包无法扫描的情况,因此我们在spring-mvc.xml中应该配置成扫描所有的包
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