c#哈希算法的实现方法及思路
有想过hash["A1"] = DateTime.Now;这句是怎么实现的吗?我们来重温下学校时代就学过的哈希算法吧。
我们要写个class,实现如下主程序调用:
static void Main(string[] args)
{
MyHash hash = new MyHash();
hash["A1"] = DateTime.Now;
hash["A2"] = 1;
Console.WriteLine(Convert.ToString(hash["A1"]));
Console.WriteLine(Convert.ToString(hash["A2"]));
}
一看,也确实挺简单的,就是一个所引器,如下:
class MyHash
{
public object this[string key]
{
get
{
}
set
{
}
}
}
程序中要保存的对象,最终是要保存在一个数组中的,而且需要通过一个转换函数来进行string key与数组Index的Map,如下:
private List<List<Tuple<string, object>>> lstArray = new List<List<Tuple<string, object>>>(defaultSize);
private int MapString2Int(string key)
{
int hashIndex=0;
char[] keyAry = key.ToCharArray();
foreach (var c in keyAry)
hashIndex += (int)c;
hashIndex = hashIndex % lstArray.Capacity;
return hashIndex;
}
这个函数是遍历string key的每个char,累加,最终取模(同数组的长度),这样得出的一个value肯定就在数组范围内。
如果2个key转换出来的index相同呢?会导致冲突,一个最简单的解决办法是把数组中的每个元素变成List, 也就是说,如果string key转换后出现了相同的Index,没关系,只要把那2个元素都放在那个Index所标识的数组位置中即可,本文中用的是List<Tuple<string, object>>。
下面是整个程序的代码:
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
MyHash hash = new MyHash();
hash["A1"] = DateTime.Now;
hash["A2"] = 1;
Console.WriteLine(Convert.ToString(hash["A1"]));
Console.WriteLine(Convert.ToString(hash["A2"]));
}
}
class MyHash
{
private const int defaultSize = 99999;
private List<List<Tuple<string, object>>> lstArray = new List<List<Tuple<string, object>>>(defaultSize);
public MyHash()
{
int i = lstArray.Capacity;
while(i>=0)
{
lstArray.Add(new List<Tuple<string,object>>());
i--;
}
}
public object this[string key]
{
get
{
EnsureNotNull(key);
List<Tuple<string, object>> lst;
Tuple<string, object> obj = FindByKey(key, out lst);
if (obj == null)
throw new Exception("Key不存在");
return obj.Item2;
}
set
{
EnsureNotNull(key);
List<Tuple<string, object>> lst;
Tuple<string, object> obj = FindByKey(key, out lst);
if (obj!=null)
lst.Remove(obj);
lst.Add(new Tuple<string, object>(key, value));
}
}
private Tuple<string, object> FindByKey(string key, out List<Tuple<string, object>> lst)
{
int hashIndex = MapString2Int(key);
lst = lstArray[hashIndex];
Tuple<string, object> obj = null;
for (var i = 0; i < lst.Count; i++)
{
if (lst[i].Item1 == key)
{
obj = lst[i];
break;
}
}
return obj;
}
private static void EnsureNotNull(string key)
{
if (key == null || key.Trim().Length == 0)
throw new Exception("Key不能为空");
}
private int MapString2Int(string key)
{
int hashIndex=0;
char[] keyAry = key.ToCharArray();
foreach (var c in keyAry)
hashIndex += (int)c;
hashIndex = hashIndex % lstArray.Capacity;
Console.WriteLine(string.Format("{0}相应的Index为:{1}", key, hashIndex));
return hashIndex;
}
}
运行效果图: