Python爬虫实战之使用Scrapy爬取豆瓣图片

使用Scrapy爬取豆瓣某影星的所有个人图片

以莫妮卡·贝鲁奇为例

1.首先我们在命令行进入到我们要创建的目录，输入 scrapy startproject banciyuan 创建scrapy项目

创建的项目结构如下

2.为了方便使用pycharm执行scrapy项目，新建main.py

from scrapy import cmdline

cmdline.execute("scrapy crawl banciyuan".split())

再edit configuration

然后进行如下设置，设置后之后就能通过运行main.py运行scrapy项目了

3.分析该HTML页面，创建对应spider

from scrapy import Spider
import scrapy

from banciyuan.items import BanciyuanItem

class BanciyuanSpider(Spider):
    name = 'banciyuan'
    allowed_domains = ['movie.douban.com']
    start_urls = ["https://movie.douban.com/celebrity/1025156/photos/"]
    url = "https://movie.douban.com/celebrity/1025156/photos/"

    def parse(self, response):
        num = response.xpath('//div[@class="paginator"]/a[last()]/text()').extract_first('')
        print(num)
        for i in range(int(num)):
            suffix = '?type=C&start=' + str(i * 30) + '&sortby=like&size=a&subtype=a'
            yield scrapy.Request(url=self.url + suffix, callback=self.get_page)

    def get_page(self, response):
        href_list = response.xpath('//div[@class="article"]//div[@class="cover"]/a/@href').extract()
        # print(href_list)
        for href in href_list:
            yield scrapy.Request(url=href, callback=self.get_info)

    def get_info(self, response):
        src = response.xpath(
            '//div[@class="article"]//div[@class="photo-show"]//div[@class="photo-wp"]/a[1]/img/@src').extract_first('')
        title = response.xpath('//div[@id="content"]/h1/text()').extract_first('')
        # print(response.body)
        item = BanciyuanItem()
        item['title'] = title
        item['src'] = [src]
        yield item

4.items.py

# Define here the models for your scraped items
#
# See documentation in:
# https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/items.html

import scrapy

class BanciyuanItem(scrapy.Item):
    # define the fields for your item here like:
    src = scrapy.Field()
    title = scrapy.Field()

pipelines.py

# Define your item pipelines here
#
# Don't forget to add your pipeline to the ITEM_PIPELINES setting
# See: https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html

# useful for handling different item types with a single interface
from itemadapter import ItemAdapter
from scrapy.pipelines.images import ImagesPipeline
import scrapy

class BanciyuanPipeline(ImagesPipeline):
    def get_media_requests(self, item, info):
        yield scrapy.Request(url=item['src'][0], meta={'item': item})

    def file_path(self, request, response=None, info=None, *, item=None):
        item = request.meta['item']
        image_name = item['src'][0].split('/')[-1]
        # image_name.replace('.webp', '.jpg')
        path = '%s/%s' % (item['title'].split(' ')[0], image_name)

        return path

settings.py

# Scrapy settings for banciyuan project
#
# For simplicity, this file contains only settings considered important or
# commonly used. You can find more settings consulting the documentation:
#
#     https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html
#     https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
#     https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html

BOT_NAME = 'banciyuan'

SPIDER_MODULES = ['banciyuan.spiders']
NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'banciyuan.spiders'

# Crawl responsibly by identifying yourself (and your website) on the user-agent
USER_AGENT = {'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/71.0.3578.80 Safari/537.36'}

# Obey robots.txt rules
ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = False

# Configure maximum concurrent requests performed by Scrapy (default: 16)
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 32

# Configure a delay for requests for the same website (default: 0)
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html#download-delay
# See also autothrottle settings and docs
#DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 3
# The download delay setting will honor only one of:
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN = 16
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP = 16

# Disable cookies (enabled by default)
#COOKIES_ENABLED = False

# Disable Telnet Console (enabled by default)
#TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED = False

# Override the default request headers:
#DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = {
#   'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',
#   'Accept-Language': 'en',
#}

# Enable or disable spider middlewares
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
#SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES = {
#    'banciyuan.middlewares.BanciyuanSpiderMiddleware': 543,
#}

# Enable or disable downloader middlewares
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
#DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
#    'banciyuan.middlewares.BanciyuanDownloaderMiddleware': 543,
#}

# Enable or disable extensions
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/extensions.html
#EXTENSIONS = {
#    'scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole': None,
#}

# Configure item pipelines
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
ITEM_PIPELINES = {
   'banciyuan.pipelines.BanciyuanPipeline': 1,
}
IMAGES_STORE = './images'

# Enable and configure the AutoThrottle extension (disabled by default)
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/autothrottle.html
#AUTOTHROTTLE_ENABLED = True
# The initial download delay
#AUTOTHROTTLE_START_DELAY = 5
# The maximum download delay to be set in case of high latencies
#AUTOTHROTTLE_MAX_DELAY = 60
# The average number of requests Scrapy should be sending in parallel to
# each remote server
#AUTOTHROTTLE_TARGET_CONCURRENCY = 1.0
# Enable showing throttling stats for every response received:
#AUTOTHROTTLE_DEBUG = False

# Enable and configure HTTP caching (disabled by default)
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#httpcache-middleware-settings
#HTTPCACHE_ENABLED = True
#HTTPCACHE_EXPIRATION_SECS = 0
#HTTPCACHE_DIR = 'httpcache'
#HTTPCACHE_IGNORE_HTTP_CODES = []
#HTTPCACHE_STORAGE = 'scrapy.extensions.httpcache.FilesystemCacheStorage'

5.爬取结果

reference

源码

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