Java实例域初始化方法及顺序
Java实例域初始化方式
1.构造器
public class Employee { private String name; private String gender; private int age; private double salary; public Employee() { this.salary = 1000.0; } public Employee(String name, String gender, int age, double salary) { this.name = name; this.gender = gender; this.age = age; this.salary = salary; } }
2.域声明
public class Employee { private String name; private String gender; private int age; private double salary = 1000.0; public Employee() { } public Employee(String name, String gender, int age, double salary) { this.name = name; this.gender = gender; this.age = age; this.salary = salary; } }
3.初始化块(initialization block)
public class Employee { private String name; private String gender; private int age; private double salary; private static String test; //静态初始化块:类第一次被加载时执行 static { System.out.println("类加载"); test = "hello world!" } //初始化块 { name = "xiao"; gender = "m"; age = 20; salary = 1000.0; System.out.println("初始化"); } @Override public String toString() { return "Employee{" + "name='" + name + '\'' + ", gender='" + gender + '\'' + ", age=" + age + ", salary=" + salary + '}'; } public static void main(String[] args) { Employee employee = new Employee(); System.out.println(employee.toString()); } }
初始化
Employee{name='xiao', gender='m', age=20, salary=1000.0}
Process finished with exit code 0
Java实例域初始化顺序
调用构造方法的具体处理步骤:
1. 如果类是第一次被使用,先执行静态初始化块
2. 所有数据域被初始化为默认值(0、false或null)
3. 按照在类声明中出现的次序,依次执行所有域初始化语句和初始化块。
4. 如果构造方法调用了其他构造方法,先执行其他方法。
5. 最后,执行构造方法。
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