Spring中SmartLifecycle和Lifecycle的作用和区别
本文基于SpringBoot 2.5.0-M2
讲解Spring中Lifecycle
和SmartLifecycle
的作用和区别,以及如何控制SmartLifecycle的优先级。
并讲解SpringBoot中如何通过SmartLifecycle
来启动/停止web容器.
SmartLifecycle和Lifecycle作用
都是让开发者可以在所有的bean都创建完成(getBean) 之后执行自己的初始化工作,或者在退出时执行资源销毁工作。
SmartLifecycle和Lifecycle区别
1.SmartLifecycle
接口继承Lifecycle
接口,同时继承了org.springframework.context.Phased
接口用于控制多个SmartLifecycle
实现之间的优先级。
2.在SpringBoot应用中,或在Spring应用中没有调用AbstractApplicationContext#start
方法,如果一个Bean只是实现了Lifecycle
接口的情况下:
不会执行Lifecycle
接口中的启动方法,包括Lifecycle#isRunning
方法也不会被执行。
但是在应用 退出时 会执行Lifecycle#isRunning
方法判断该Lifecycle
是否已经启动,如果返回true则调用Lifecycle#stop()
停止方法。
3. 如果一个Bean实现了SmartLifecycle
接口,则会执行启动方法。先会被根据Phased
接口优先级分组,封装在LifecycleGroup
,然后循环调用LifecycleGroup#start()
方法,SmartLifecycle#isRunning
判断是否已经执行,返回false表示还未执行,则调用SmartLifecycle#start()
执行。Phased
返回值越小,优先级越高。
4.SmartLifecycle
中还有个isAutoStartup
方法,如果返回false
,在启动时也不会执行start方法,默认返回true
源码分析
SmartLifecycle
和Lifecycle
都是在org.springframework.context.support.DefaultLifecycleProcessor
中被调用,
DefaultLifecycleProcessor#onRefresh
方法在执行AbstractApplicationContext#finishRefresh
时会被调用,调用栈如下:
startBeans:142, DefaultLifecycleProcessor (org.springframework.context.support) onRefresh:123, DefaultLifecycleProcessor (org.springframework.context.support) finishRefresh:934, AbstractApplicationContext (org.springframework.context.support) refresh:585, AbstractApplicationContext (org.springframework.context.support) refresh:144, ServletWebServerApplicationContext (org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.context) refresh:755, SpringApplication (org.springframework.boot) refreshContext:426, SpringApplication (org.springframework.boot) run:326, SpringApplication (org.springframework.boot) run:1299, SpringApplication (org.springframework.boot) run:1288, SpringApplication (org.springframework.boot) main:31, DemoApplication (com.example.demo)
DefaultLifecycleProcessor#onRefresh
源码:
@Override public void onRefresh() { startBeans(true); //autoStartupOnly = true this.running = true; }
DefaultLifecycleProcessor#startBeans
源码如下:
autoStartupOnly
在onRefresh时传入的是true,表示只执行可以自动启动的bean,即为:SmartLifecycle
的实现类,并且SmartLifecycle#isAutoStartup
返回值必须为true。
private void startBeans(boolean autoStartupOnly) { Map<String, Lifecycle> lifecycleBeans = getLifecycleBeans(); Map<Integer, LifecycleGroup> phases = new TreeMap<>(); lifecycleBeans.forEach((beanName, bean) -> { if (!autoStartupOnly || (bean instanceof SmartLifecycle && ((SmartLifecycle) bean).isAutoStartup())) { int phase = getPhase(bean); phases.computeIfAbsent(phase, p -> new LifecycleGroup(phase, this.timeoutPerShutdownPhase, lifecycleBeans, autoStartupOnly) ).add(beanName, bean); } }); if (!phases.isEmpty()) { phases.values().forEach(LifecycleGroup::start); } }
而Spring AbstractApplicationContext#doClose
退出时,无论是SmartLifecycle
或Lifecycle
都会执行isRunning
方法,判断是否已经启动,返回true表示已经启动,则执行SmartLifecycle
或Lifecycle
的stop
方法。
源码见:org.springframework.context.support.DefaultLifecycleProcessor#doStop
方法。
而执行AbstractApplicationContext#doClose
一般是应用进程退出,通过jvm注册的钩子方法,或者应用程序编码调用。
AbstractApplicationContext#registerShutdownHook
源码
@Override public void registerShutdownHook() { if (this.shutdownHook == null) { // No shutdown hook registered yet. this.shutdownHook = new Thread(SHUTDOWN_HOOK_THREAD_NAME) { @Override public void run() { synchronized (startupShutdownMonitor) { doClose(); } } }; Runtime.getRuntime().addShutdownHook(this.shutdownHook); } }
自定义LifecycleProcessor处理Lifecycle
在源码分析中提到了DefaultLifecycleProcessor
,其实现了LifecycleProcessor
接口。然而我们自己也可以实现该接口,替换默认的DefaultLifecycleProcessor
。SpringBoot中则是自己配置了DefaultLifecycleProcessor
,我们可以按照同样的方式,覆盖默认的实现。例如可以让Lifecycle
中的start()
方法在onRefresh()时也能被执行。
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.LifecycleAutoConfiguration
源码:
/** * {@link EnableAutoConfiguration Auto-configuration} relating to the application * context's lifecycle. * * @author Andy Wilkinson * @since 2.3.0 */ @Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false) @EnableConfigurationProperties(LifecycleProperties.class) public class LifecycleAutoConfiguration { @Bean(name = AbstractApplicationContext.LIFECYCLE_PROCESSOR_BEAN_NAME) @ConditionalOnMissingBean(name = AbstractApplicationContext.LIFECYCLE_PROCESSOR_BEAN_NAME, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT) public DefaultLifecycleProcessor defaultLifecycleProcessor(LifecycleProperties properties) { DefaultLifecycleProcessor lifecycleProcessor = new DefaultLifecycleProcessor(); lifecycleProcessor.setTimeoutPerShutdownPhase(properties.getTimeoutPerShutdownPhase().toMillis()); return lifecycleProcessor; } }
SpringBoot中内嵌web容器启动时机
SpringBoo中就是通过实现SmartLifecycle
来启动内嵌的web容器,实现类为WebServerStartStopLifecycle
。
ServletWebServerApplicationContext
在onRefresh
方法中调用createWebServer
,createWebServer
方法中创建org.springframework.boot.web.server.WebServer
实例,该对象则包含了控制web容器(tomcat
、jetty
)的启动与停止方法。
@Override protected void onRefresh() { super.onRefresh(); try { createWebServer(); }catch (Throwable ex) { throw new ApplicationContextException("Unable to start web server", ex); } }
ServletWebServerApplicationContext#createWebServer
源码:
private void createWebServer() { WebServer webServer = this.webServer; ServletContext servletContext = getServletContext(); if (webServer == null && servletContext == null) { StartupStep createWebServer = this.getApplicationStartup().start("spring.boot.webserver.create"); ServletWebServerFactory factory = getWebServerFactory(); createWebServer.tag("factory", factory.getClass().toString()); this.webServer = factory.getWebServer(getSelfInitializer()); createWebServer.end(); getBeanFactory().registerSingleton("webServerGracefulShutdown", new WebServerGracefulShutdownLifecycle(this.webServer)); getBeanFactory().registerSingleton("webServerStartStop", new WebServerStartStopLifecycle(this, this.webServer)); } else if (servletContext != null) { try { getSelfInitializer().onStartup(servletContext); } catch (ServletException ex) { throw new ApplicationContextException("Cannot initialize servlet context", ex); } } initPropertySources(); }
createWebServer
方法会将创建的webServer
封装在WebServerStartStopLifecycle
对象中,并注册到Spring容器中。
org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.context.WebServerStartStopLifecycle
源码如下:
class WebServerStartStopLifecycle implements SmartLifecycle { private final ServletWebServerApplicationContext applicationContext; private final WebServer webServer; private volatile boolean running; WebServerStartStopLifecycle(ServletWebServerApplicationContext applicationContext, WebServer webServer) { this.applicationContext = applicationContext; this.webServer = webServer; } @Override public void start() { this.webServer.start(); this.running = true; this.applicationContext .publishEvent(new ServletWebServerInitializedEvent(this.webServer, this.applicationContext)); } @Override public void stop() { this.webServer.stop(); } @Override public boolean isRunning() { return this.running; } @Override public int getPhase() { return Integer.MAX_VALUE - 1; } }
WebServerStartStopLifecycle
则实现了SmartLifecycle
接口,当Spring回调到SmartLifecycle
接口方法时则调用this.webServer.start();
启动web容器,web容器启动完成之后会通过applicationContext
发布ServletWebServerInitializedEvent
事件,表示web容器启动成功,可以接收http请求。
和SmartInitializingSingleton区别
相同点:SmartInitializingSingleton
和Lifecycle
、SmartLifecycle
都是在所有的单实例bean创建(getBean方法)之后执行。
不同点:
SmartInitializingSingleton
优先于Lifecycle
、SmartLifecycle
执行。SmartInitializingSingleton
只有一个afterSingletonsInstantiated
方法。而Lifecycle
有start
,stop
,isRunning
等方法。- 多个
SmartInitializingSingleton
实现之间无法排序控制执行的顺序,而SmartLifecycle
实现了Phased
接口,可以通过int getPhase()
控制执行循序。 SmartInitializingSingleton
之间可以通过@DependsOn
来控制执行顺序,但这是由Spring中@DependsOn注解的作用及原理来实现的. 并不是对SmartInitializingSingleton
做了排序。
到此这篇关于Spring中SmartLifecycle和Lifecycle的作用和区别的文章就介绍到这了,更多相关Spring中SmartLifecycle和Lifecycle内容请搜索我们以前的文章或继续浏览下面的相关文章希望大家以后多多支持我们!