Java综合整理堆排序 快速排序 归并排序
目录
- 堆排序
- 快速排序
- 递归
- 非递归
- 归并排序
- 递归
- 非递归
堆排序
- 时间复杂度:0(N*log(N))
- 空间复杂度:0(1)
- 稳定性:不稳定
private static void heapSort(int[] arr) { //建堆 crearHeap(arr); for (int i = 0; i < arr.length-1; i++) { int heapSize=arr.length-i; swap(arr,heapSize-1,0); heapSize--; shiftDown(arr,heapSize,0); } System.out.println(Arrays.toString(arr)); } private static void crearHeap(int[] arr) { // 从后往前遍历(右边非叶子节点开始), 依次进行向下调整 for (int i = (arr.length-1-1)/2; i >=0 ; i--) { shiftDown(arr,arr.length,i); } } //向下调整,形成大堆 private static void shiftDown(int[] arr, int size, int i) { int parent = i; int child = parent*2+1; while (child<size){ if (child +1< size && arr[child +1]> arr[child]){ child=child+1; } if (arr[child]>arr[parent]){ swap(arr,child,parent); }else { break; } parent=child; child=parent*2+1; } } //交换 private static void swap(int[] arr, int child, int parent) { int tmp =arr[child]; arr[child] =arr[parent]; arr[parent]=tmp; }
快速排序
- 时间复杂度:O(N^ logN) 最坏的时候O(N^2) 和基准值密切相关
- 空间复杂度:0(logN) 最坏的时候O(N)
- 稳定性:不稳定
递归
private static void quick(int[] arr) { quickSortHelper(arr,0,arr.length-1); System.out.println(Arrays.toString(arr)); } private static void quickSortHelper(int[] arr, int left, int right) { if (left>=right){ //区间只有一个元素,或者零个元素 return; } int index = partition(arr,left,right); quickSortHelper(arr,left,index-1); quickSortHelper(arr,index+1,right); } private static int partition(int[] arr, int left, int right) { int i=left; int j=right; int baseValue=arr[right]; while (i<j){ while (i<j && arr[i]<=baseValue){ i++; } while (i<j && arr[j]>=baseValue){ j--; } if (i<j){ swap(arr,i,j); } } swap(arr,i,right); return i; } private static void swap(int[] arr, int i, int j) { int tmp =arr[i]; arr[i]=arr[j]; arr[j]=tmp; }
非递归
public static void quickSortByLoop(int[] arr) { Stack<Integer> stack =new Stack<>(); stack.push(0); stack.push(arr.length-1); while (!stack.isEmpty()){ int right = stack.pop(); int left = stack.pop(); if (left>=right){ continue; } int index = partition(arr,left,right); //右子树 stack.push(index+1); stack.push(right); //左子树 stack.push(left); stack.push(index-1); } System.out.println(Arrays.toString(arr)); } private static int partition(int[] arr, int left, int right) { int baseValue =arr[right]; int i =left; int j =right; while (i<j){ while (i<j && arr[i]<=baseValue){ i++; } while (i<j && arr[j]>=baseValue){ j--; } if (i<j){ swap(arr,i,j); } } swap(arr,i,right); return i; } private static void swap(int[] arr, int i, int j) { int tmp = arr[i]; arr[i] = arr[j]; arr[j] = tmp; }
归并排序
- 时间复杂度:O(NlogN)
- 空间复杂度:O(N) 如果是链表,可以为O(1)
- 稳定性:稳定
递归
public static void mergeSort(int[] arr){ mergeSortHelper(arr,0,arr.length); System.out.println(Arrays.toString(arr)); } private static void mergeSortHelper(int[] arr, int left, int right) { if (right-left<=1){ return; } int mid = (right+left)/2; mergeSortHelper(arr,left,mid); mergeSortHelper(arr,mid,right); merge(arr,left,mid,right); } private static void merge(int[] arr, int left, int mid, int right) { int cur1 =left; int cur2 =mid; //两个数组合并后的结果 int[] output=new int[right-left]; int outputIndex=0; while (cur1<mid && cur2<right){ if (arr[cur1]<=arr[cur2]) { output[outputIndex++] = arr[cur1++]; }else { output[outputIndex++] = arr[cur2++]; } } while (cur1<mid){ output[outputIndex++] = arr[cur1++]; } while (cur2<right){ output[outputIndex++] = arr[cur2++]; } for (int i = 0; i < right-left ; i++) { arr[left+i] = output[i]; } }
非递归
public static void mergeSortByLoop(int[] arr){ // gap 当前每个组中的元素个数. for (int gap =1;gap<arr.length;gap*=2){ for (int i = 0; i <arr.length ; i+=2*gap) { //相当于把两个长度为 gap 的相邻组进行了合并 int left =i; int mid =i+gap; int right=i+2*gap; if (mid > arr.length){ mid =arr.length; } if (right>arr.length){ right=arr.length; } merge(arr,left,mid,right); } } System.out.println(Arrays.toString(arr)); }
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