详解Vue 自定义hook 函数
目录
- 定义
- 使用
- 封装发ajax请求的hook函数(ts版本)
定义
什么是hook?
- 本质是一个函数,把 setup 函数中使用的 Composition API (组合API)进行了封装
- 类似于 vue2.x 中的 mixin
自定义 hook 的优势:
- 复用代码,让 setup 中的逻辑更清楚易懂
使用
首先我们做一个功能,鼠标点击屏幕,获取坐标:
<template> <h2>当前鼠标的坐标是:x:{{ point.x }},y:{{ point.y }}</h2> </template> <script> import {onMounted, onBeforeUnmount,reactive} from 'vue' export default { name: 'Demo', setup() { let point = reactive({ x: 0, y: 0 }) function savePoint(event) { point.x = event.pageX; point.y = event.pageY; } onMounted(() => { window.addEventListener("click",savePoint) }) onBeforeUnmount(()=>{ window.removeEventListener("click",savePoint) }) return { point, } }, } </script>
然后改用使用 hooks,在 src 下新建 hooks 文件夹,增加 usePoint.js
import {onBeforeUnmount, onMounted, reactive} from "vue/dist/vue"; function savePoint() { let point = reactive({ x: 0, y: 0 }) function savePoint(event) { point.x = event.pageX; point.y = event.pageY; } onMounted(() => { window.addEventListener("click",savePoint) }) onBeforeUnmount(()=>{ window.removeEventListener("click",savePoint) }) return point } export default savePoint;
或者简写:
...... export default function() { ...... }
在 Demo.vue 中使用:
<template> <h2>当前鼠标的坐标是:x:{{ point.x }},y:{{ point.y }}</h2> </template> <script> import usePoint from "@/hooks/usePoint"; export default { name: 'Demo', setup() { let point = usePoint() return { point } }, } </script>
封装发ajax请求的hook函数(ts版本)
hooks 下新建 useRequest.ts
由于用到了 axios,所以安装axios:npm install axios
import {ref} from "vue"; import axios from "axios"; export default function <T>(url: string) { const loading = ref(true); const data = ref<T | null>(null); const errorMsg = ref(''); axios.get(url).then(response => { loading.value = false data.value = response.data }).catch(error => { loading.value = false errorMsg.value = error.message || '未知错误' }) return { loading, data, errorMsg } }
App.vue:
<template> <h3 v-if="loading">加载中...</h3> <h3 v-else-if="errorMsg">错误信息:{{errorMsg}}</h3> <!-- 对象 --> <ul v-else> <li>{{data.name}}</li> <li>{{data.address}}</li> <li>{{data.distance}}</li> </ul> <!-- 数组 --> <ul v-for="item in data" :key="item.name"> <li>{{item.name}}</li> <li>{{item.address}}</li> <li>{{item.distance}}</li> </ul> </template> <script lang="ts"> import {defineComponent, watch} from 'vue'; import useRequest from "@/hooks/useRequest"; export default defineComponent({ setup() { // 定义接口 interface IAddress{ name:string, address:string, distance:string } //const {loading,data,errorMsg} = useRequest<IAddress>("./address.json")//获取对象数据 const {loading,data,errorMsg} = useRequest<IAddress[]>("./addressList.json")//获取对象数据 watch(data, () => { if (data.value) { console.log(data.value.length) } }) return { loading, data, errorMsg } } }); </script>
测试数据有对象类型的 address.json:
{ "name": "家", "address": "开发区人民路22号", "distance": "100km" }
还有数组类型的 addressList.json
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