C语言实现通用数据结构之通用映射(HashMap)

本文实例为大家分享了C语言实现通用数据结构之通用映射的具体代码，供大家参考，具体内容如下

这是在通用链表的基础上实现的映射，关于链表的实现参见：C语言实现通用数据结构之通用链表。

注意映射中只存储了key和value的指针，没有储存实际的数据。

对于新的key类型来说，需要自定义HashCode函数和equal函数。

在HashSet的实现中给出了几个常见的hashCode函数和equal函数。参见：c语言实现通用数据结构（四）：通用集合。

头文件：myHashMap.h

#ifndef MYHASHMAP_H_INCLUDED
#define MYHASHMAP_H_INCLUDED
#include "myList.h"

#define DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY 16
#define DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR 0.75f

typedef struct entry
{
    void * key;
    void * value;
} Entry;

typedef struct myHashMap
{
    int size;   //大小
    int initialCapacity; //初始容量
    float loadFactor;   //加载因子
    int (*hashCode)(void *key);
    int (*equal)(void *key1,void *key2);
    MyList ** entryList;
} MyHashMap;

typedef struct myHashMapEntryIterator
{
    int index;       //第几个链表
    MyHashMap *map;
    MyNode *current;
    int count;        //第几个数据
} MyHashMapEntryIterator;

//创建HashMap
MyHashMap *createMyHashMap(int (*hashCode)(void *key),int (*equal)(void *key1,void *key2));

//使用全部参数创建HashMap
MyHashMap *createMyHashMapForAll(int initialCapacity,float loadFactor,int (*hashCode)(void *key),int (*equal)(void *key1,void *key2));

//释放HashMap
void freeMyHashMap(MyHashMap * map);

//是否包含某个key
int myHashMapContainsKey(MyHashMap *const map,void * const key);

//增加一条映射
void myHashMapPutData(MyHashMap *const map,void * const key,void * const value);

//通过key得到数据，如果没有数据则返回null
void* myHashMapGetDataByKey(MyHashMap * const map,void *const key);

//数据的容量
int myHashMapGetSize(const MyHashMap * const map);

//创建Entry迭代器
MyHashMapEntryIterator* createMyHashMapEntryIterator( MyHashMap *const map);

//释放Entry迭代器
void freeMyHashMapEntryIterator(MyHashMapEntryIterator* iterator);

//Entry迭代器是否有下一个
int myHashMapEntryIteratorHasNext(MyHashMapEntryIterator* iterator);

//遍历下一个Entry元素
Entry* myHashMapEntryIteratorNext(MyHashMapEntryIterator* iterator);

//删除一条数据，返回是否删除成功
int myHashMapRemoveDataByKey(MyHashMap *const map,void * const key);

//遍历
void myHashMapOutput(MyHashMap *map, void(*pt)(Entry*));

#endif // MYHASHMAP_H_INCLUDED

源文件:  myHashMap.c

#include "myHashMap.h"
#include <stdlib.h>

//某条Entry链表上是否包含某个key值。
Entry* listContainsEntry(MyList * list, void * key,
  int(*equal)(void *key1, void *key2)) {
 MyListIterator* it = createMyListIterator(list);
 while (myListIteratorHasNext(it)) {
  Entry * entry = (Entry *) (myListIteratorNext(it));
  if (entry->key == key || (equal != NULL && (*equal)(entry->key, key))) {
   return entry;
  }
 }
 freeMyListIterator(it);
 return NULL;
}

void rebuildMyHashMap(MyHashMap * map) {
 int newSize = map->initialCapacity * 2;
 MyList **newentryList = (MyList **) malloc(sizeof(MyList*) * newSize);
 for (int i = 0; i < newSize; i++) {
  newentryList[i] = createMyList();
 }
 MyHashMapEntryIterator* it = createMyHashMapEntryIterator(map);
 while (myHashMapEntryIteratorHasNext(it)) {
  Entry * entry = myHashMapEntryIteratorNext(it);
  int hasCode = (*(map->hashCode))(entry->key);
  hasCode %= newSize;
  if (hasCode < 0)
   hasCode += newSize;
  myListInsertDataAtLast(newentryList[hasCode], entry);
 }
 freeMyHashMapEntryIterator(it);
 for (int i = 0; i < map->initialCapacity; i++) {
  freeMyList(map->entryList[i]);
 }
 free(map->entryList);
 map->entryList = newentryList;
 map->initialCapacity = newSize;
}

//创建HashMap
MyHashMap *createMyHashMap(int(*hashCode)(void *key),
  int(*equal)(void *key1, void *key2)) {
 MyHashMap *re = (MyHashMap *) malloc(sizeof(MyHashMap));
 re->size = 0;
 re->loadFactor = DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR;
 re->initialCapacity = DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY;
 re->entryList = (MyList **) malloc(sizeof(MyList*) * re->initialCapacity);
 re->hashCode = hashCode;
 re->equal = equal;
 for (int i = 0; i < re->initialCapacity; i++) {
  re->entryList[i] = createMyList();
 }
 return re;
}

//使用全部参数创建HashMap
MyHashMap *createMyHashMapForAll(int initialCapacity, float loadFactor,
  int(*hashCode)(void *key), int(*equal)(void *key1, void *key2)) {
 MyHashMap *re = createMyHashMap(hashCode, equal);
 re->initialCapacity = initialCapacity;
 re->loadFactor = loadFactor;
 return re;
}

//是否包含某个key
int myHashMapContainsKey(MyHashMap * const map, void * const key) {
 int hasCode = (*(map->hashCode))(key);
 hasCode %= map->initialCapacity;
 if (hasCode < 0)
  hasCode += map->initialCapacity;
 Entry * re = listContainsEntry(map->entryList[hasCode], key, map->equal);
 return re != NULL;
}

//增加一条映射
void myHashMapPutData(MyHashMap * const map, void * const key,
  void * const value) {
 int hasCode = (*(map->hashCode))(key);
 hasCode %= map->initialCapacity;
 if (hasCode < 0)
  hasCode += map->initialCapacity;
 Entry * re = listContainsEntry(map->entryList[hasCode], key, map->equal);
 if (re == NULL) {
  Entry * entry = (Entry*) malloc(sizeof(Entry));
  entry->key = key;
  entry->value = value;
  myListInsertDataAtLast(map->entryList[hasCode], entry);
  (map->size)++;
  if (map->size > map->initialCapacity * map->loadFactor) {
   rebuildMyHashMap(map);
  }
 } else {
  re->value = value;
 }
}

//通过key得到数据，如果没有数据则返回null
void* myHashMapGetDataByKey(MyHashMap * const map, void * const key) {
 int hasCode = (*(map->hashCode))(key);
 hasCode %= map->initialCapacity;
 if (hasCode < 0)
  hasCode += map->initialCapacity;
 Entry * re = listContainsEntry(map->entryList[hasCode], key, map->equal);
 if (re == NULL) {
  return NULL;
 }
 return re->value;
}

//数据的容量
int myHashMapGetSize(const MyHashMap * const map) {
 return map->size;
}

//创建Entry迭代器
MyHashMapEntryIterator* createMyHashMapEntryIterator(MyHashMap * const map) {
 MyHashMapEntryIterator* re = (MyHashMapEntryIterator*) malloc(
   sizeof(MyHashMapEntryIterator));
 re->count = 0;
 re->index = 0;
 re->map = map;
 re->current = map->entryList[0]->first;
 return re;
}

//释放Entry迭代器
void freeMyHashMapEntryIterator(MyHashMapEntryIterator* iterator) {
 free(iterator);
}

//Entry迭代器是否有下一个
int myHashMapEntryIteratorHasNext(MyHashMapEntryIterator* iterator) {
 return iterator->count < iterator->map->size;
}

//遍历下一个Entry元素
Entry* myHashMapEntryIteratorNext(MyHashMapEntryIterator* iterator) {
 (iterator->count)++;
 while (!(iterator->current)) {
  (iterator->index)++;
  iterator->current = iterator->map->entryList[iterator->index]->first;
 }
 Entry * re = (Entry *) iterator->current->data;
 iterator->current = iterator->current->next;
 return re;
}

//删除一条数据，返回是否删除成功
int myHashMapRemoveDataByKey(MyHashMap * const map, void * const key) {
 int hasCode = (*(map->hashCode))(key);
 hasCode %= map->initialCapacity;
 if (hasCode < 0)
  hasCode += map->initialCapacity;
 MyListIterator* it = createMyListIterator(map->entryList[hasCode]);
 int re = 0;
 while (myListIteratorHasNext(it)) {
  Entry * entry = (Entry *) (myListIteratorNext(it));
  if ((*(map->equal))(entry->key, key)) {
   myListRemoveDataAt(map->entryList[hasCode], it->count - 1);
   re = 1;
   (map->size)--;
   break;
  }
 }
 freeMyListIterator(it);
 return re;
}

void myFree(Entry * p){
    free(p);
}

//释放HashMap
void freeMyHashMap(MyHashMap * map) {
 myHashMapOutput(map, myFree);
 for (int i = 0; i < map->initialCapacity; i++) {
  freeMyList(map->entryList[i]);
 }
 free(map->entryList);
 free(map);
}

//遍历
void myHashMapOutput(MyHashMap *map, void(*pt)(Entry*)) {
 MyHashMapEntryIterator* iterator = createMyHashMapEntryIterator(map);
 while (myHashMapEntryIteratorHasNext(iterator)) {
  pt(myHashMapEntryIteratorNext(iterator));
 }
 freeMyHashMapEntryIterator(iterator);
}

测试文件

/*************************
*** File main.c
*** test for MyHashMap
**************************/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "myEqual.h"
#include "myHashCode.h"
#include "myHashMap.h"

#define S 10

char* strs[S]=
{
    "abc",
    "qq",
    "hello",
    "abc",
    "lmy",
    "ab",
    "qq",
    "lqw",
    "sww",
    "lqw"
};

int main()
{

    int*  data = malloc(sizeof(int)* S);
    for (int i=0; i<S; i++)
    {
        data[i]=i;
    }

    //创建映射需要指定两个函数，hashCode函数和equal函数。
    MyHashMap * map = createMyHashMap(myHashCodeString, myEqualString);

    //插入数据
    for (int i=0; i<S; i++)
    {
        myHashMapPutData(map, strs[i], &data[i]);
    }

    //输出大小
    printf("size=%d\n",myHashMapGetSize(map));

    //测试删除
    myHashMapRemoveDataByKey(map,"qq");
    myHashMapRemoveDataByKey(map,"ab");
    myHashMapRemoveDataByKey(map,"qwert");

    //输出大小
    printf("after remove size=%d\n",myHashMapGetSize(map));

    //遍历
    MyHashMapEntryIterator * it = createMyHashMapEntryIterator(map);
    while(myHashMapEntryIteratorHasNext(it))
    {
        Entry * pp= myHashMapEntryIteratorNext(it);
        char * key = pp-> key;
        int * value = pp->value;
        printf("%s(%d)\n", key, *value);
    }
    //释放遍历器
    freeMyHashMapEntryIterator(it);

    //释放映射
    freeMyHashMap(map);

    //释放数据
    free(data);
    return 0;
}

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