java搭建ftp/sftp进行数据传递的全过程

ftp/sftp概念及搭建

ftp是一种文件传输协议,让客户端和服务端能够互相传递文件,图片等数据;方便快捷;
sftp是ssh file transfer protocol缩写,也是一种文件传输协议.sftp比ftp安全的多,但传输效率要低的多

搭建:
ftp可以搜索网上教程,很多,在此不过多赘述

创建完成后,通过浏览器就可以访问到内容了;

sftp用freesshd搭建(记得freesshd的安装路径不要有中文,否则各种报错);这个也可以自行百度,解决方法很多;

Java代码

代码如下:
import java.io.*;
import java.net.SocketException;
import java.util.ArrayList;

import org.apache.commons.net.ftp.FTP;
import org.apache.commons.net.ftp.FTPClient;
import org.apache.commons.net.ftp.FTPClientConfig;
import org.apache.commons.net.ftp.FTPReply;

public class FTPClientTest
{

    private  static String userName; // FTP 登录用户名
    private static String password; // FTP 登录密码
    private static String ip;// FTP 服务器地址IP地址
    private  static int port; // FTP 端口

    //构造函数初始化
    public FTPClientTest(String userName,String password,String ip,int port){
    	this.userName=userName;
    	this.password=password;
    	this.ip=ip;
    	this.port=port;
    }
    public static String getUserName(){ return userName;}
    public static void setUserName(String userName) {FTPClientTest.userName = userName; }
    public static String getPassword() {return password;}
    public static void setPassword(String password){FTPClientTest.password = password;}
    public static String getIp() { return ip; }
    public static void setIp(String ip){FTPClientTest.ip = ip;}
    public static int getPort() {return port; }
    public static void setPort(int port) {FTPClientTest.port = port;}
    private static FTPClient ftpClient = null; // FTP 客户端代理

    /**
     * 连接到服务器
     * @return true 连接服务器成功，false 连接服务器失败
     */
    public boolean connectServer()
    {
    	 System.out.println("进行连接");
         boolean flag = true;
         if (ftpClient == null)
         {
             int reply;
             try
             {
                 System.out.println("初始化连接");
                 ftpClient = new FTPClient();
                 String LOCAL_CHARSET = "GBK";
                 System.out.println("设置IP和端口");
                 ftpClient.connect(ip, port);
                 System.out.println("设置密码");
                 ftpClient.login(userName, password);
                 System.out.println("进行连接");
                 reply = ftpClient.getReplyCode();
                 ftpClient.setDataTimeout(120000);
                 System.out.println("设置编码操作方式");
                 if (FTPReply.isPositiveCompletion(ftpClient.sendCommand("OPTS UTF8", "ON"))) // 开启服务器对UTF-8的支持，如果服务器支持就用UTF-8编码，否则就使用本地编码（GBK）.
                 {
                     LOCAL_CHARSET = "UTF-8";
                 }
                 System.out.println("设置编码操作方式1");
                 ftpClient.setControlEncoding(LOCAL_CHARSET);
                 System.out.println("是否连接成功");
                 if (!FTPReply.isPositiveCompletion(reply))
                 {
                     ftpClient.disconnect();
                     System.out.println("FTP 服务拒绝连接！");
                     flag = false;
                 }
             }
             catch (SocketException e)
             {
                 flag = false;
                 e.printStackTrace();
                 System.out.println("登录ftp服务器 " + ip + " 失败,连接超时！");
             }
             catch (IOException e)
             {
                 flag = false;
                 e.printStackTrace();
                 System.out.println("登录ftp服务器 " + ip + " 失败，FTP服务器无法打开！");
             }
             catch (Exception e)
             {
                 flag = false;
                 e.printStackTrace();
                 // System.out.println("登录ftp服务器 " + ip + " 失败，FTP服务器无法打开！");
             }
         }
         return flag;
    }

    /**
     * 上传文件
     *
     * @param remoteFile 远程文件路径,支持多级目录嵌套 需要保证路径已经存在 并切包含文件重命名
     * @param localFile 本地文件名称，绝对路径
     *
     */

    public boolean uploadFile(String remoteFile1, File localFile)
    {
    	boolean flag = false;

        try
        {
            InputStream in = new FileInputStream(localFile);
            String remote = new String(remoteFile1.getBytes("UTF-8"), "iso-8859-1");
            if (ftpClient.storeFile(remote, in))
            {
                flag = true;
                System.out.println(localFile.getAbsolutePath() + "上传文件成功！");
            }
            else
            {
                System.out.println(localFile.getAbsolutePath() + "上传文件失败！");
            }
            in.close();
        }
        catch (FileNotFoundException e)
        {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e)
        {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        catch (IOException e)
        {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        return flag;
    }

    /**
     * 上传单个文件
     *
     * @param local 本地文件名称，绝对路径
     * @param remote 远程文件路径,支持多级目录嵌套
     * @return
     */
    public boolean uploadFile(String local, String remote)
    {

        boolean flag = true;
        String remoteFileName = remote;
        if (remote.contains("/"))
        {
            remoteFileName = remote.substring(remote.lastIndexOf("/") + 1);
            // 创建服务器远程目录结构，创建失败直接返回
            if (!CreateDirecroty(remote))
            {
                return false;
            }
        }
        File f = new File(local);
        if (!uploadFile(remoteFileName, f))
        {
            flag = false;
        }

        return flag;
    }

    /**
     * 上传文件夹内的所有文件
     *
     *
     * @param filename 本地文件夹绝对路径 只能上传文件，子文件夹无法上传
     * @param uploadpath 上传到FTP的路径,形式为/或/dir1/dir2/../
     * @return true 上传成功，false 上传失败
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public ArrayList<String> uploadManyFile(String filename, String uploadpath)
    {
        boolean flag = true;
        ArrayList<String> l = new ArrayList<String>();
        StringBuffer strBuf = new StringBuffer();
        int n = 0; // 上传失败的文件个数
        int m = 0; // 上传成功的文件个数
        try
        {
            ftpClient.setFileType(FTP.BINARY_FILE_TYPE);
            ftpClient.enterLocalPassiveMode();
            ftpClient.setFileTransferMode(FTP.STREAM_TRANSFER_MODE);
            ftpClient.changeWorkingDirectory("/");
            File file = new File(filename);
            File fileList[] = file.listFiles();

            for (File upfile : fileList)
            {
                if (!upfile.isDirectory())
                {
                    String local = upfile.getCanonicalPath().replaceAll("\\\\", "/");
                    String temp = upfile.getCanonicalPath();
                    String a = temp.replace(filename + "\\", "");
                    String remote = uploadpath.replaceAll("\\\\", "/") + a;
                    flag = uploadFile(local, remote);
                    ftpClient.changeWorkingDirectory("/");
                }
                if (!flag)
                {
                    n++;
                    strBuf.append(upfile.getName() + ",");
                    System.out.println("文件［" + upfile.getName() + "］上传失败");
                }
                else
                {
                    m++;
                }
            }
            l.add("失败个数" + n);
            l.add("成功个数" + m);
            l.add(strBuf.toString());
        }
        catch (NullPointerException e)
        {
            e.printStackTrace();
            System.out.println("本地文件上传失败！找不到上传文件！" + e);
        }
        catch (Exception e)
        {
            e.printStackTrace();
            System.out.println("本地文件上传失败！" + e);
        }
        return l;
    }

    /**
     * 下载文件
     *
     * @param remoteFileName --服务器上的文件名
     * @param localFileName--本地文件名
     * @return true 下载成功，false 下载失败
     */
    public   boolean  loadFile(String remoteFileName, String localFileName)
    {

        boolean flag = true;
        // 下载文件
        BufferedOutputStream buffOut = null;
        try
        {
            buffOut = new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(localFileName));
            flag = ftpClient.retrieveFile(new String(remoteFileName.getBytes("UTF-8"), "iso-8859-1"), buffOut);
        }
        catch (Exception e)
        {
            e.printStackTrace();
            System.out.println("本地文件下载失败！" + e);
        }
        finally
        {
            try
            {
                if (buffOut != null)
                    buffOut.close();
            }
            catch (Exception e)
            {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        return flag;

    }

    /**
     * 删除一个文件
     */
    public boolean deleteFile(String filename)
    {
        boolean flag = true;
        try
        {
            flag = ftpClient.deleteFile(new String(filename.getBytes("UTF-8"), "iso-8859-1"));
            if (flag)
            {
                System.out.println("删除文件" + filename + "成功！");
            }
            else
            {
                System.out.println("删除文件" + filename + "成功！");
            }
        }
        catch (IOException ioe)
        {
            ioe.printStackTrace();
        }
        return flag;
    }

    /**
     * 删除空目录
     */
    public void deleteEmptyDirectory(String pathname)
    {

        try
        {
            ftpClient.removeDirectory(new String(pathname.getBytes("UTF-8"), "iso-8859-1"));
        }
        catch (IOException ioe)
        {
            ioe.printStackTrace();
        } 

    }

    /**
     * 列出Ftp服务器上的所有文件和目录
     */
    public String[] listRemoteAllFiles()
    {
    	try
        {
            String[] names = ftpClient.listNames();

            for (int i = 0; i < names.length; i++)
            {
                System.out.println(names[i]);
            }
            return names;
        }
        catch (Exception e)
        {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * 关闭连接
     */
    public void closeConnect()
    {
    	try
        {
            if (ftpClient != null)
            {
                ftpClient.logout();
                ftpClient.disconnect();
                ftpClient=null;
            }
        }
        catch (Exception e)
        {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 设置传输文件的类型[文本文件或者二进制文件] 1是文本文件 其余 二进制文件
     *
     * @param fileType--BINARY_FILE_TYPE(二进制文件)、ASCII_FILE_TYPE(文本文件)
     *
     */
    public void setFileType(int fileType1)
    {
    	try
        {
            int a = FTP.BINARY_FILE_TYPE;
            if (fileType1 == 1)
            {
                a = FTP.ASCII_FILE_TYPE;
            }
            ftpClient.setFileType(a);
        }
        catch (Exception e)
        {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }

    /**
     * 进入到服务器的某个目录下
     *
     * @param directory
     */
    public boolean changeWorkingDirectory(String directory)
    {
        boolean flag = true;
        try
        {
            flag = ftpClient.changeWorkingDirectory(directory);
            if (flag)
            {
                System.out.println("进入文件夹" + directory + " 成功！");
            }
            else
            {
                System.out.println("进入文件夹" + directory + " 失败！");
            }
        }
        catch (IOException ioe)
        {
            ioe.printStackTrace();
        }
        return flag;
    }

    /**
     * 返回到上一层目录
     */
    public void changeToParentDirectory()
    {
    	 try
         {
             ftpClient.changeToParentDirectory();
         }
         catch (IOException ioe)
         {
             ioe.printStackTrace();
         }

    }

    /**
     * 重命名文件
     *
     * @param oldFileName --原文件名
     * @param newFileName --新文件名
     */
    public void renameFile(String oldFileName, String newFileName)
    {
        try
        {
            System.out.println(oldFileName);
            System.out.println(newFileName);
            ftpClient.rename(new String(oldFileName.getBytes("UTF-8"), "iso-8859-1"), new String(newFileName.getBytes("UTF-8"), "iso-8859-1"));
        }
        catch (IOException ioe)
        {
            ioe.printStackTrace();
        }
        catch(Exception e)
        {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }

    /**
     * 设置FTP客服端的配置--一般可以不设置
     *
     * @return ftpConfig
     */
    @SuppressWarnings("unused")
	private FTPClientConfig getFtpConfig()
    {
    	 FTPClientConfig ftpConfig = new FTPClientConfig(FTPClientConfig.SYST_UNIX);
         ftpConfig.setServerLanguageCode(FTP.DEFAULT_CONTROL_ENCODING);
         return ftpConfig;
    }

    /**
     * 转码[ISO-8859-1 -> GBK] 不同的平台需要不同的转码
     *
     * @param obj
     * @return ""
     */
    @SuppressWarnings("unused")
	private String iso8859togbk(Object obj)
    {
        try
        {
            if (obj == null)
                return "";
            else
                return new String(obj.toString().getBytes("iso-8859-1"), "GBK");
        }
        catch (Exception e)
        {
            return "";
        }

    }

    /**
     * 在服务器上创建一个文件夹
     *
     * @param dir 文件夹名称，不能含有特殊字符，如 \ 、/ 、: 、* 、?、 "、 <、>...
     */
    public boolean makeDirectory(String dir)
    {
        boolean flag = true;
        try
        {
            flag = ftpClient.makeDirectory(dir);
            if (flag)
            {
                System.out.println("创建文件夹" + dir + " 成功！");

            }
            else
            {
                System.out.println("创建文件夹" + dir + " 失败！");
            }
        }
        catch (Exception e)
        {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return flag;
    }

    /**
     * 递归创建远程服务器目录
     *
     * @param remote 远程服务器文件绝对路径 路径： /Draw1/Point1/GUID1/a.bmp 或者/Draw1/Point1/GUID1/ 最后一级文件夹必须有/否则最后一级文件夹创建不成功
     *
     * @return 目录创建是否成功
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public boolean CreateDirecroty(String remote)
    {
        boolean success = true;
        try
        {
            String directory = remote.substring(0, remote.lastIndexOf("/") + 1);
            // 如果远程目录不存在，则递归创建远程服务器目录
            if (!directory.equalsIgnoreCase("/") && !changeWorkingDirectory(new String(directory)))
            {
                int start = 0;
                int end = 0;
                if (directory.startsWith("/"))
                {
                    start = 1;
                }
                else
                {
                    start = 0;
                }
                end = directory.indexOf("/", start);

                while (true)
                {
                    String subDirectory;
                    subDirectory = new String(remote.substring(start, end).getBytes("GBK"), "iso-8859-1");

                    if (!changeWorkingDirectory(subDirectory))
                    {
                        if (makeDirectory(subDirectory))
                        {
                            changeWorkingDirectory(subDirectory);
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            System.out.println("创建目录[" + subDirectory + "]失败");
                            System.out.println("创建目录[" + subDirectory + "]失败");
                            success = false;
                            return success;
                        }
                    }
                    start = end + 1;
                    end = directory.indexOf("/", start);
                    // 检查所有目录是否创建完毕
                    if (end <= start)
                    {
                        break;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e)
        {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return success;
    }
}

ftp测试代码如下:

public class test {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		FTPClientTest ftp=new FTPClientTest("user", "548", "168.125.256.22", 21);
		boolean b=ftp.connectServer();
		System.out.println(b);

		System.out.println(ftp.listRemoteAllFiles());

		System.out.println(ftp.uploadFile("F:/home/b.txt", "/c.txt"));
		System.out.println(ftp.loadFile("/a.txt", "F:/home/b.txt"));
		ftp.closeConnect();
	}
}

输出结果如下:

成功了;

sftp搭建完成后,也测试下,至于搭建过程,自行百度好啦

看到没,连接成功了;我用我的电脑模拟的;