python必备库Matplotlib画图神器
目录
- 1.安装方法
- 2.用好官网的例子
- 最简单的应用-折线图
- 添加注释的方法
- 柱状图-BarLabel
- 折线图之CSD
前言:
Matplotlib
通常与 NumPy、Pandas 一起使用,是数据分析中不可或缺的重要工具之一。
Matplotlib
是 Python 中类似 MATLAB 的绘图工具,如果您熟悉 MATLAB,那么可以很快的熟悉它。Matplotlib 提供了一套面向对象绘图的 API,它可以轻松地配合 Python GUI 工具包(比如 PyQt,WxPython、Tkinter)在应用程序中嵌入图形。与此同时,它也支持以脚本的形式在 Python、IPython Shell、Jupyter Notebook 以及 Web 应用的服务器中使用。
官网地址:
可以看看docs
官网就相当详细了,可以直接参考官网。
1.安装方法
pip安装:
pip3 install matplotlib -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
conda安装:
conda install matplotlib
测试是否成功:
import numpy as np from matplotlib import pyplot as plt x = np.arange(1,11) y = 2 * x + 5 plt.title("Matplotlib demo") plt.xlabel("x axis caption") plt.ylabel("y axis caption") plt.plot(x,y) plt.show()
成功出现下图就可以动手改造了。
2.用好官网的例子
最简单的应用-折线图
fig, ax = plt.subplots() # Create a figure containing a single axes. ax.plot([1, 2, 3, 4], [1, 4, 2, 3]); # Plot some data on the axes.
添加注释的方法
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(5, 2.7)) t = np.arange(0.0, 5.0, 0.01) s = np.cos(2 * np.pi * t) line, = ax.plot(t, s, lw=2) ax.annotate('local max', xy=(2, 1), xytext=(3, 1.5), arrowprops=dict(facecolor='black', shrink=0.05)) ax.set_ylim(-2, 2);
柱状图-Bar Label
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import numpy as np N = 5 menMeans = (20, 35, 30, 35, -27) womenMeans = (25, 32, 34, 20, -25) menStd = (2, 3, 4, 1, 2) womenStd = (3, 5, 2, 3, 3) ind = np.arange(N) # the x locations for the groups width = 0.35 # the width of the bars: can also be len(x) sequence fig, ax = plt.subplots() p1 = ax.bar(ind, menMeans, width, yerr=menStd, label='Men') p2 = ax.bar(ind, womenMeans, width, bottom=menMeans, yerr=womenStd, label='Women') ax.axhline(0, color='grey', linewidth=0.8) ax.set_ylabel('Scores') ax.set_title('Scores by group and gender') ax.set_xticks(ind, labels=['G1', 'G2', 'G3', 'G4', 'G5']) ax.legend() # Label with label_type 'center' instead of the default 'edge' ax.bar_label(p1, label_type='center') ax.bar_label(p2, label_type='center') ax.bar_label(p2) plt.show()
正常run会出现下图:
折线图之CSD
计算两个信号的交叉谱密度Compute the cross spectral density of two signals
import numpy as np import matplotlib.pyplot as plt fig, (ax1, ax2) = plt.subplots(2, 1) # make a little extra space between the subplots fig.subplots_adjust(hspace=0.5) dt = 0.01 t = np.arange(0, 30, dt) # Fixing random state for reproducibility np.random.seed(19680801) nse1 = np.random.randn(len(t)) # white noise 1 nse2 = np.random.randn(len(t)) # white noise 2 r = np.exp(-t / 0.05) cnse1 = np.convolve(nse1, r, mode='same') * dt # colored noise 1 cnse2 = np.convolve(nse2, r, mode='same') * dt # colored noise 2 # two signals with a coherent part and a random part s1 = 0.01 * np.sin(2 * np.pi * 10 * t) + cnse1 s2 = 0.01 * np.sin(2 * np.pi * 10 * t) + cnse2 ax1.plot(t, s1, t, s2) ax1.set_xlim(0, 5) ax1.set_xlabel('time') ax1.set_ylabel('s1 and s2') ax1.grid(True) cxy, f = ax2.csd(s1, s2, 256, 1. / dt) ax2.set_ylabel('CSD (db)') plt.show()
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