python实现多人聊天室

本文实例为大家分享了python实现多人聊天室的具体代码，供大家参考，具体内容如下

一、目的

以实现小项目的方式，来巩固之前学过的Python基本语法以及相关的知识。

二、相关技术

1.wxpython GUI编程

2.网络编程

3.多线程编程

4.数据库编程

5.简单的将数据导出到Excel表

三、存在的漏洞以及不足

1.由于数据库编码的问题，无法使用中文。

2.在客户端关闭后，其相关的线程仍然存在于服务器的用户线程队列中，所以服务器会错误地往已关闭的客户端传送信息。

3.客户端初始登录并加载历史记录时，会出现每条历史消息后面的回车键丢失的现象，解决的方法是：在加载相邻两条消息之间加个时间间隔，但效果不佳。

四、源码

服务器Server：

 # -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

from socket import *
import time
import threading
import wx
import MySQLdb
import xlwt
from clientthread import ClientThread

class Server(wx.Frame):
 def __init__(self,parent=None,id=-1,title='服务器',pos=wx.DefaultPosition,size=(500,300)):

  '''窗口'''
  wx.Frame.__init__(self,parent,id,title,pos,size=(400,470))
  pl = wx.Panel(self)
  con = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL)
  subcon = wx.FlexGridSizer(wx.HORIZONTAL)
  sta = wx.Button(pl , size=(133, 40),label='启动服务器')
  end = wx.Button(pl, size=(133, 40), label='关闭服务器')
  hist = wx.Button(pl,size=(133,40),label='导出聊天记录')
  subcon.Add(sta, 1, wx.BOTTOM)
  subcon.Add(hist, 1, wx.BOTTOM)
  subcon.Add(end, 1, wx.BOTTOM)
  con.Add(subcon,1,wx.ALIGN_CENTRE|wx.BOTTOM)
  self.Text = wx.TextCtrl(pl, size=(400,250),style = wx.TE_MULTILINE|wx.TE_READONLY)
  con.Add(self.Text, 1, wx.ALIGN_CENTRE)
  self.ttex = wx.TextCtrl(pl, size=(400,100),style=wx.TE_MULTILINE)
  con.Add(self.ttex, 1, wx.ALIGN_CENTRE)
  sub2 = wx.FlexGridSizer(wx.HORIZONTAL)
  clear = wx.Button(pl, size=(200, 40), label='清空')
  send = wx.Button(pl, size=(200, 40), label='发送')
  sub2.Add(clear, 1, wx.TOP | wx.LEFT)
  sub2.Add(send, 1, wx.TOP | wx.RIGHT)
  con.Add(sub2, 1, wx.ALIGN_CENTRE)
  pl.SetSizer(con)
  '''窗口'''

  '''绑定'''
  self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.EditClear, clear)
  self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.SendMessage, send)
  self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.Start, sta)
  self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.Break, end)
  self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.WriteToExcel, hist)
  '''绑定'''

  '''服务器准备工作'''
  self.UserThreadList = []
  self.onServe = False
  addr = ('', 21567)
  self.ServeSock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM)
  self.ServeSock.bind(addr)
  self.ServeSock.listen(10)
  '''服务器准备工作'''

  '''数据库准备工作，用于存储聊天记录'''
  self.db = MySQLdb.connect('localhost', 'root', '123456', 'user_info')
  self.cursor = self.db.cursor()
  self.cursor.execute("select * from history order by time")
  self.Text.SetValue('')
  for data in self.cursor.fetchall(): #加载历史聊天记录
   self.Text.AppendText('%s said:\n%s\nwhen %s\n\n' % (data[0], data[2], data[1]))
  '''数据库准备工作，用于存储聊天记录'''

 #将聊天记录导出到EXCEl表中
 def WriteToExcel(self,event):
  wbk = xlwt.Workbook()
  sheet = wbk.add_sheet('sheet 1')
  self.cursor.execute("select * from history order by time")
  sheet.write(0, 0, "User")
  sheet.write(0, 1, "Datetime")
  sheet.write(0, 5, "Message")
  index = 0
  for data in self.cursor.fetchall():
   index = index + 1
   Time = '%s'%data[1] #将datetime转成字符形式，否则直接写入Excel会变成时间戳
   sheet.write(index,0,data[0])
   sheet.write(index,1,Time) #写进EXCEL会变成时间戳
   sheet.write(index,5,data[2])
  wbk.save(r'D:\History_Dialog.xls')

 #启动服务器的服务线程
 def Start(self,event):
  if not self.onServe:
   '''启动服务线程'''
   self.onServe = True
   mainThread = threading.Thread(target=self.on_serving, args=())
   mainThread.setDaemon(True) # 解决父线程结束，子线程还继续运行的问题
   mainThread.start()
   '''启动服务线程'''

 #关闭服务器
 def Break(self,event):
  self.onServe = False

 #服务器主循环
 def on_serving(self):
  print '...On serving...'
  while self.onServe:
   UserSocket, UserAddr = self.ServeSock.accept()
   username = UserSocket.recv(1024).decode(encoding='utf-8') #接收用户名
   userthread = ClientThread(UserSocket, username,self)
   self.UserThreadList.append(userthread) #将用户线程加到队列中
   userthread.start()
  self.ServeSock.close()

 #绑定发送按钮
 def SendMessage(self,event):
  if self.onServe and cmp(self.ttex.GetValue(),''):
   data = self.ttex.GetValue()
   self.AddText('Server',data,time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", time.localtime()))
   self.ttex.SetValue('')

 # 向所有客户端（包括自己）发送信息,同时更新到数据库
 def AddText(self, source, data,Time):
  self.cursor.execute("insert into history values(\"%s\",\"%s\",\"%s\")" % (source,Time,data)) #双引号里面有双引号，bug：句子不能有双引号、以及中文
  self.db.commit()
  sendData = '%s said:\n%s\nwhen %s\n' % (source,data,Time)
  self.Text.AppendText('%s\n'%sendData)
  for user in self.UserThreadList:  #bug：客户端关闭了仍然在队列中。如果客户端关闭了，那怎么在服务器判断是否已经关闭了？客户端在关闭之前发一条信息给服务器？
   user.UserSocket.send(sendData.encode(encoding='utf-8'))

 #绑定清空按钮
 def EditClear(self,event):
  self.ttex.Clear()

def main():
 app = wx.App(False)
 Server().Show()
 app.MainLoop()

if __name__ == '__main__':
 main()

服务器的客户线程Clientthread：

# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

import threading
import time

class ClientThread(threading.Thread):

 def __init__(self,UserSocket, Username,server):
  threading.Thread.__init__(self)
  self.UserSocket = UserSocket
  self.Username = Username
  self.server = server
  self.Loadhist()

 # 加载历史聊天记录
 def Loadhist(self):
  self.server.cursor.execute("select * from history order by time")
  for data in self.server.cursor.fetchall():
   time.sleep(0.6)     #几条信息同时发，会造成末尾回车键的丢失，所以要有时间间隔
   sendData = '%s said:\n%s\nwhen %s\n'%(data[0], data[2], data[1])
   self.UserSocket.send(sendData.encode(encoding='utf-8'))

 #方法重写，线程的入口
 def run(self):
  size = 1024
  while True:
   data = self.UserSocket.recv(size) #未解决：客户端断开连接后这里会报错
   self.server.AddText(self.Username,data.decode(encoding='utf-8'),time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", time.localtime()))
  self.UserSocket.close() #这里都执行不到

客户登录界面Logframe：

# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

from socket import *
import wx
import MySQLdb
from client import Client

class LogFrame(wx.Frame):
 def __init__(self,parent=None,id=-1,title='登录窗口',pos=wx.DefaultPosition,size=(500,300)):

  '''窗口'''
  wx.Frame.__init__(self,parent,id,title,pos,size=(400,280))
  self.pl = wx.Panel(self)
  con = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL)
  subcon = wx.FlexGridSizer(2,2,10,10)
  username = wx.StaticText(self.pl, label="Username:",style=wx.ALIGN_LEFT)
  password = wx.StaticText(self.pl, label="Password:",style=wx.ALIGN_LEFT)
  self.tc1 = wx.TextCtrl(self.pl,size=(180,20))
  self.tc2 = wx.TextCtrl(self.pl,size=(180,20),style=wx.TE_PASSWORD)
  subcon.Add(username,wx.TE_LEFT)
  subcon.Add(self.tc1,1,wx.EXPAND)
  subcon.Add(password)
  subcon.Add(self.tc2,1,wx.EXPAND)
  con.Add(subcon,1,wx.ALIGN_CENTER)
  subcon2 = wx.FlexGridSizer(1,2,10,10)
  register = wx.Button(self.pl,label='Register')
  login = wx.Button(self.pl,label='Login')
  subcon2.Add(register,1, wx.TOP)
  subcon2.Add(login,1, wx.TOP)
  con.Add(subcon2,1,wx.ALIGN_CENTRE)
  self.pl.SetSizer(con)
  self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON,self.Register,register)
  self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON,self.Login,login)
  '''窗口'''
  self.isConnected = False
  self.userSocket = None

 #连接到服务器
 def ConnectToServer(self):
  if not self.isConnected:
   ADDR = ('localhost', 21567)
   self.userSocket = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM)
   try:
    self.userSocket.connect(ADDR)
    self.userSocket.send(self.tc1.GetValue().encode(encoding='utf-8'))
    self.isConnected = True
    return True
   except Exception:
    return False
  else:
   return True

 #登录
 def Login(self,event):
  if not self.ConnectToServer():
   err = wx.MessageDialog(None, '服务器未启动', 'ERROR!', wx.OK)
   err.ShowModal()
   err.Destroy()
  else:
   username = self.tc1.GetValue()
   password = self.tc2.GetValue()
   db = MySQLdb.connect('localhost', 'root', '123456', 'user_info')
   cursor = db.cursor()
   cursor.execute("select * from user_list where username='%s' and password='%s'"%(username,password))
   if not cursor.fetchone():
    err = wx.MessageDialog(None,'用户不存在或密码错误','ERROR!',wx.OK)
    err.ShowModal()
   else:
    self.Close()
    Client(opSock=self.userSocket, username=username).Show()
   db.commit()
   db.close()

 #注册
 def Register(self,event):
  if not self.ConnectToServer():
   err = wx.MessageDialog(None, '服务器未启动', 'ERROR!', wx.OK)
   err.ShowModal()
   err.Destroy()
  else:
   username = self.tc1.GetValue()
   password = self.tc2.GetValue()
   db = MySQLdb.connect('localhost', 'root', '123456', 'user_info')
   cursor = db.cursor()
   cursor.execute("select * from user_list where username='%s'"%username)
   if not cursor.fetchone():
    cursor.execute("insert into user_list(username,password) values('%s','%s')"%(username,password))
   else:
    err = wx.MessageDialog(None, '用户已存在', 'ERROR!', wx.OK)
    err.ShowModal()
   db.commit()
   db.close()

def main():
 app = wx.App(False)
 LogFrame().Show()
 app.MainLoop()

if __name__ == '__main__':
 main()

客户端Client：

#/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

import wx
import threading
from time import ctime

class Client(wx.Frame):
 def __init__(self,opSock,username,parent=None,id=-1,title='客户端',pos=wx.DefaultPosition,size=(500,300)):

  '''窗口'''
  wx.Frame.__init__(self,parent,id,title,pos,size=(400,470))
  self.opSock = opSock
  self.username = username
  pl = wx.Panel(self)
  con = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL)
  subcon = wx.FlexGridSizer(wx.HORIZONTAL)
  sta = wx.Button(pl, size=(200, 40),label='连接')
  end = wx.Button(pl, size=(200, 40),label='断开')
  subcon.Add(sta, 1, wx.TOP|wx.LEFT)
  subcon.Add(end, 1, wx.TOP|wx.RIGHT)
  con.Add(subcon,1,wx.ALIGN_CENTRE)
  self.Text = wx.TextCtrl(pl, size=(400,250),style = wx.TE_MULTILINE|wx.TE_READONLY)
  con.Add(self.Text, 1, wx.ALIGN_CENTRE)
  self.ttex = wx.TextCtrl(pl, size=(400,100),style=wx.TE_MULTILINE)
  con.Add(self.ttex, 1, wx.ALIGN_CENTRE)
  sub2 = wx.FlexGridSizer(wx.HORIZONTAL)
  clear = wx.Button(pl, size=(200, 40), label='清空')
  send = wx.Button(pl, size=(200, 40), label='发送')
  sub2.Add(clear, 1, wx.TOP | wx.LEFT)
  sub2.Add(send, 1, wx.TOP | wx.RIGHT)
  con.Add(sub2, 1, wx.ALIGN_CENTRE)
  pl.SetSizer(con)
  '''窗口'''

  '''绑定'''
  self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.EditClear, clear)
  self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.Send, send)
  self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.Login, sta)
  self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.Logout, end)
  '''绑定'''
  self.isConnected = False

 #登录
 def Login(self,event):
  '''客户端准备工作'''
  self.isConnected = True
  t = threading.Thread(target=self.Receive, args=())
  t.setDaemon(True)
  t.start()
  '''客户端准备工作'''

 #退出
 def Logout(self,event):
  self.isConnected = False

 #绑定发送按钮
 def Send(self,event):
  if self.isConnected and cmp(self.ttex.GetValue(),''):
   self.opSock.send(self.ttex.GetValue().encode(encoding='utf-8'))
   self.ttex.SetValue('')

 #绑定清空按钮
 def EditClear(self,event):
  self.ttex.Clear()

 #接收客户端的信息（独立一个线程）
 def Receive(self):
  while self.isConnected:
   data = self.opSock.recv(1024).decode(encoding='utf-8')
   self.Text.AppendText('%s\n'%data)

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