Python实现网络自动化eNSP
1.使用Paramiko登陆到单台交换机
实验拓扑
云彩桥接到本机环回接口:192.168.1.1/24
三层交换机IP:192.168.1.2/24
实验要求
使用Python Paramiko 模块实现SSH 登录单个交换机(192.168.56.2/24),配置LoopBack0地址:1.1.1.1/32。配置完成后,保存退出。
实验步骤 配置交换机管理地址,并测试与主机虚拟网卡连通性
[Huawei]vlan 10 [Huawei]int vlan 10 [Huawei-Vlanif10]ip add 192.168.1.2 24 [Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port link-type access [Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port default vlan 10
配置三层交换机开启 SSH 服务端,配置 SSH 账号密码。
[Huawei]user-interface vty 0 4 [Huawei-ui-vty0-4]authentication-mode aaa [Huawei-ui-vty0-4]protocol inbound ssh [Huawei-aaa]local-user python password cipher 123 [Huawei-aaa]local-user python privilege level 3 [Huawei-aaa]local-user python service-type ssh [Huawei]stelnet server enable [Huawei]ssh authentication-type default password
Python代码
import paramiko import time ip = '192.168.56.2' username = 'python' password = '123' ssh_client = paramiko.SSHClient() ssh_client.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy()) //默认情况下,Paramiko会拒绝任何未知的SSH public keys,使用此函数使其接收来自交换机提供的public keys。 ssh_client.connect(hostname=ip, username=username, password=password, look_for_keys=False) print('Successfully connect to ' + ip) commend = ssh_client.invoke_shell() commend.send('sys\n') commend.send('interface LoopBack 0\n') commend.send('ip add 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255\n') commend.send('return\n') commend.send('save\n') commend.send('y\n') time.sleep(3) //稍等3秒,然后执行以下操作 output = commend.recv(65535) //截取本次运行script后的所有输出记录,将其assign给output变量 print(output.decode("ascii")) ssh_client.close()
查看运行结果
在交换机上查看
也可以在交换机上debuggiing ip packet可以看到日志
2.使用Paramiko登陆到连续子网交换机
实验拓扑
连续子网三层交换机:管理地址 192.168.1.2/24 to 192.168.1.5/24
实验要求
登陆到各台交换机,并为其配置vlan 11 to 15,保存配置并退出。
实验步骤
配置管理口IP地址,并配置SSH Server 登陆名以及密码等
python代码
import paramiko import time #import getpass #username = input('Username: ') #password = getpass.getpass('Password: ') //pycharm中该模块运行没反应,用户名和密码还是直接写的 username = 'python' password = '123' for i in range(2, 6): ip = '192.168.1.' + str(i) ssh_client = paramiko.SSHClient() ssh_client.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy()) ssh_client.connect(hostname=ip, username=username, password=password, look_for_keys=False) command = ssh_client.invoke_shell() print('Successfully connect to ' + ip) command.send('sys\n') for j in range(11, 16): print('正在创建VLAN: ' + str(j)) command.send('vlan ' + str(j) + '\n') time.sleep(1) command.send('return\n') command.send('save\n') command.send('y\n') time.sleep(2) output = command.recv(65535).decode('ascii') print(output) ssh_client.close()
运行结果
3.Paramiko登陆不连续子网交换机
实验拓扑
将交换机LSW5的管理接口ip更改为192.168.1.6/24,使交换机ip不在同一网段
实验要求
使用Paramiko登陆四台ip不连续的交换机,并给其配置vlan11 to 15
实验步骤
创建一个文本文档,将需要配置的交换机的ip地址写入,这里我在Desktop下创建了一个名为ip.txt文档
使用open函数,打开文件,进行操作,实现不连续子网调用
import paramiko import time username = 'python' password = '123' f = open('C:/Users/DELL/Desktop/ip.txt', 'r') for line in f.readlines(): ip = line.strip() ssh_client = paramiko.SSHClient() ssh_client.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy()) ssh_client.connect(hostname=ip, username=username, password=password) print('Successfully connect to ', ip) command = ssh_client.invoke_shell() command.send('sys\n') command.send('vlan batch 11 to 15\n') time.sleep(2) command.send('return\n') command.send('save\n') command.send('y\n') time.sleep(2) output = command.recv(65535).decode('ascii') print(output) f.close() ssh_client.close()
查看运行结果
4.sys.argv[ ] 实现灵活调用脚本所需文件
实验拓扑
假设1.2和1.3为一组,1.4和1.6为一组
实验要求
同时修改不同型号设备的配置,给SW1/3配置vlan11 to 15,SW4/5配置vlan16 to 20
实验步骤
创建两个名为ip1.txt,command1.txt的文件,存储1组的ip和要进行的配置
同样创建两个名为ip2.txt,command2.txt文件,存储2组的ip和要进行的配置
python代码
import paramiko import time import sys username = 'python' password = '123' ip_file = sys.argv[1] cmd_file = sys.argv[2] iplist = open(ip_file) for line in iplist.readlines(): ip = line.strip() ssh_client = paramiko.SSHClient() ssh_client.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy()) ssh_client.connect(hostname=ip, username=username, password=password) print('Successfully connect to ', ip) command = ssh_client.invoke_shell() cmdlist = open(cmd_file, 'r') cmdlist.seek(0) for line in cmdlist.readlines(): command.send(line + '\n') time.sleep(5) cmdlist.close() output = command.recv(65535) print(output) iplist.close() ssh_client.close()
查看运行结果(pycharm不可以使用argv,在cmd里使用)
5.SSH连接失败处理
import paramiko import time import sys import socket import getpass username = input('Username: ') password = getpass.getpass('Password: ') ip_file = sys.argv[1] cmd_file = sys.argv[2] switch_with_authentication_issue = [] switch_not_reachable = [] iplist = open(ip_file, 'r') for line in iplist.readlines(): try: ip = line.strip() ssh_client = paramiko.SSHClient() ssh_client.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy()) ssh_client.connect(hostname=ip, username=username, password=password,look_for_keys=False) print('Successfully connect to ' + ip) command = ssh_client.invoke_shell() cmdlist = open(cmd_file, 'r') cmdlist.seek(0) for cmd in cmdlist.readlines(): command.send(cmd + '\n') time.sleep(1) cmdlist.close() output = command.recv(65535) print(output.decode("ascii")) except paramiko.ssh_exception.AuthenticationException: print('User authentication failed for ' + ip + '.') switch_with_authentication_issue.append(ip) except TimeoutError: switch_not_reachable.append(ip) iplist.close() ssh_client.close() print('\nUser authentication failed for below switches: ') for i in switch_with_authentication_issue: print(i) print('\nBelow switchs are not reachable: ') for i in switch_not_reachable: print(i)
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