python爬虫开发之使用Python爬虫库requests多线程抓取猫眼电影TOP100实例
使用Python爬虫库requests多线程抓取猫眼电影TOP100思路:
- 查看网页源代码
- 抓取单页内容
- 正则表达式提取信息
- 猫眼TOP100所有信息写入文件
- 多线程抓取
- 运行平台:windows
- Python版本:Python 3.7.
- IDE:Sublime Text
- 浏览器:Chrome浏览器
1.查看猫眼电影TOP100网页原代码
按F12查看网页源代码发现每一个电影的信息都在“<dd></dd>”标签之中。
点开之后,信息如下:
2.抓取单页内容
在浏览器中打开猫眼电影网站,点击“榜单”,再点击“TOP100榜”如下图:
接下来通过以下代码获取网页源代码:
#-*-coding:utf-8-*- import requests from requests.exceptions import RequestException #猫眼电影网站有反爬虫措施,设置headers后可以爬取 headers = { 'Content-Type': 'text/plain; charset=UTF-8', 'Origin':'https://maoyan.com', 'Referer':'https://maoyan.com/board/4', 'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/67.0.3396.99 Safari/537.36' } #爬取网页源代码 def get_one_page(url,headers): try: response =requests.get(url,headers =headers) if response.status_code == 200: return response.text return None except RequestsException: return None def main(): url = "https://maoyan.com/board/4" html = get_one_page(url,headers) print(html) if __name__ == '__main__': main()
执行结果如下:
3.正则表达式提取信息
上图标示信息即为要提取的信息,代码实现如下:
#-*-coding:utf-8-*- import requests import re from requests.exceptions import RequestException #猫眼电影网站有反爬虫措施,设置headers后可以爬取 headers = { 'Content-Type': 'text/plain; charset=UTF-8', 'Origin':'https://maoyan.com', 'Referer':'https://maoyan.com/board/4', 'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/67.0.3396.99 Safari/537.36' } #爬取网页源代码 def get_one_page(url,headers): try: response =requests.get(url,headers =headers) if response.status_code == 200: return response.text return None except RequestsException: return None #正则表达式提取信息 def parse_one_page(html): pattern = re.compile('<dd>.*?board-index.*?>(\d+)</i>.*?data-src="(.*?)".*?name"><a' +'.*?>(.*?)</a>.*?star">(.*?)</p>.*?releasetime">(.*?)</p>.*?integer">(.*?)</i>.*?fraction">(.*?)</i>.*?</dd>',re.S) items = re.findall(pattern,html) for item in items: yield{ 'index':item[0], 'image':item[1], 'title':item[2], 'actor':item[3].strip()[3:], 'time':item[4].strip()[5:], 'score':item[5]+item[6] } def main(): url = "https://maoyan.com/board/4" html = get_one_page(url,headers) for item in parse_one_page(html): print(item) if __name__ == '__main__': main()
执行结果如下:
4.猫眼TOP100所有信息写入文件
上边代码实现单页的信息抓取,要想爬取100个电影的信息,先观察每一页url的变化,点开每一页我们会发现url进行变化,原url后面多了‘?offset=0',且offset的值变化从0,10,20,变化如下:
代码实现如下:
#-*-coding:utf-8-*- import requests import re import json import os from requests.exceptions import RequestException #猫眼电影网站有反爬虫措施,设置headers后可以爬取 headers = { 'Content-Type': 'text/plain; charset=UTF-8', 'Origin':'https://maoyan.com', 'Referer':'https://maoyan.com/board/4', 'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/67.0.3396.99 Safari/537.36' } #爬取网页源代码 def get_one_page(url,headers): try: response =requests.get(url,headers =headers) if response.status_code == 200: return response.text return None except RequestsException: return None #正则表达式提取信息 def parse_one_page(html): pattern = re.compile('<dd>.*?board-index.*?>(\d+)</i>.*?data-src="(.*?)".*?name"><a' +'.*?>(.*?)</a>.*?star">(.*?)</p>.*?releasetime">(.*?)</p>.*?integer">(.*?)</i>.*?fraction">(.*?)</i>.*?</dd>',re.S) items = re.findall(pattern,html) for item in items: yield{ 'index':item[0], 'image':item[1], 'title':item[2], 'actor':item[3].strip()[3:], 'time':item[4].strip()[5:], 'score':item[5]+item[6] } #猫眼TOP100所有信息写入文件 def write_to_file(content): #encoding ='utf-8',ensure_ascii =False,使写入文件的代码显示为中文 with open('result.txt','a',encoding ='utf-8') as f: f.write(json.dumps(content,ensure_ascii =False)+'\n') f.close() #下载电影封面 def save_image_file(url,path): jd = requests.get(url) if jd.status_code == 200: with open(path,'wb') as f: f.write(jd.content) f.close() def main(offset): url = "https://maoyan.com/board/4?offset="+str(offset) html = get_one_page(url,headers) if not os.path.exists('covers'): os.mkdir('covers') for item in parse_one_page(html): print(item) write_to_file(item) save_image_file(item['image'],'covers/'+item['title']+'.jpg') if __name__ == '__main__': #对每一页信息进行爬取 for i in range(10): main(i*10)
爬取结果如下:
5.多线程抓取
进行比较,发现多线程爬取时间明显较快:
多线程:
以下为完整代码:
#-*-coding:utf-8-*- import requests import re import json import os from requests.exceptions import RequestException from multiprocessing import Pool #猫眼电影网站有反爬虫措施,设置headers后可以爬取 headers = { 'Content-Type': 'text/plain; charset=UTF-8', 'Origin':'https://maoyan.com', 'Referer':'https://maoyan.com/board/4', 'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/67.0.3396.99 Safari/537.36' } #爬取网页源代码 def get_one_page(url,headers): try: response =requests.get(url,headers =headers) if response.status_code == 200: return response.text return None except RequestsException: return None #正则表达式提取信息 def parse_one_page(html): pattern = re.compile('<dd>.*?board-index.*?>(\d+)</i>.*?data-src="(.*?)".*?name"><a' +'.*?>(.*?)</a>.*?star">(.*?)</p>.*?releasetime">(.*?)</p>.*?integer">(.*?)</i>.*?fraction">(.*?)</i>.*?</dd>',re.S) items = re.findall(pattern,html) for item in items: yield{ 'index':item[0], 'image':item[1], 'title':item[2], 'actor':item[3].strip()[3:], 'time':item[4].strip()[5:], 'score':item[5]+item[6] } #猫眼TOP100所有信息写入文件 def write_to_file(content): #encoding ='utf-8',ensure_ascii =False,使写入文件的代码显示为中文 with open('result.txt','a',encoding ='utf-8') as f: f.write(json.dumps(content,ensure_ascii =False)+'\n') f.close() #下载电影封面 def save_image_file(url,path): jd = requests.get(url) if jd.status_code == 200: with open(path,'wb') as f: f.write(jd.content) f.close() def main(offset): url = "https://maoyan.com/board/4?offset="+str(offset) html = get_one_page(url,headers) if not os.path.exists('covers'): os.mkdir('covers') for item in parse_one_page(html): print(item) write_to_file(item) save_image_file(item['image'],'covers/'+item['title']+'.jpg') if __name__ == '__main__': #对每一页信息进行爬取 pool = Pool() pool.map(main,[i*10 for i in range(10)]) pool.close() pool.join()
本文主要讲解了使用Python爬虫库requests多线程抓取猫眼电影TOP100数据的实例,更多关于Python爬虫库的知识请查看下面的相关链接
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