Spring Bean基本管理实例详解
本文实例讲述了Spring Bean基本管理。分享给大家供大家参考,具体如下:
一、使用setter方式完成依赖注入
下面是Bean和beans-config.xml文件。
public class HelloBean { private String helloWord; //...省略getter、setter方法 }
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC "-//SPRING/DTD BEAN/EN" "http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans.dtd"> <beans> <bean id="helloBean" class="onlyfun.caterpillar.HelloBean"> <property name="helloWord"> <value>Hello!Justin!</value> </property> </bean> </beans>
public class SpringDemo { public static void main(String[] args) { Resource rs = new FileSystemResource("beans-config.xml"); BeanFactory factory = new XmlBeanFactory(rs); HelloBean hello = (HelloBean) factory.getBean("helloBean"); System.out.println(hello.getHelloWord()); } }
二、使用constructor方式完成注入
public class HelloBean { private String name; private String helloWord; // 建议有要无参数建构方法 public HelloBean() { } public HelloBean(String name, String helloWord) { this.name = name; this.helloWord = helloWord; } //...省略getter、setter方法 }
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC "-//SPRING/DTD BEAN/EN" "http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans.dtd"> <beans> <bean id="helloBean" class="onlyfun.caterpillar.HelloBean"> <constructor-arg index="0"> <value>Justin</value> </constructor-arg> <constructor-arg index="1"> <value>Hello</value> </constructor-arg> </bean> </beans>
public class SpringDemo { public static void main(String[] args) { ApplicationContext context = new FileSystemXmlApplicationContext("beans-config.xml"); HelloBean hello = (HelloBean) context.getBean("helloBean"); System.out.print("Name: "); System.out.println(hello.getName()); System.out.print("Word: "); System.out.println(hello.getHelloWord()); } }
三、属性参考
public class HelloBean { private String helloWord; private Date date; //...省略getter、setter方法 }
<beans> <bean id="dateBean" class="java.util.Date"/> <bean id="helloBean" class="onlyfun.caterpillar.HelloBean"> <property name="helloWord"> <value>Hello!</value> </property> <property name="date"> <ref bean="dateBean"/> </property> </bean> </beans>
public class SpringDemo { public static void main(String[] args) { ApplicationContext context = new FileSystemXmlApplicationContext("beans-config.xml"); HelloBean hello = (HelloBean) context.getBean("helloBean"); System.out.print(hello.getHelloWord()); System.out.print(" It's "); System.out.print(hello.getDate()); System.out.println("."); } }
四、“byType”自动绑定
将“三”中的配置文件改为下面,即可完成bean属性的按类型自动绑定。
<beans> <bean id="dateBean" class="java.util.Date"/> <bean id="helloBean" class="onlyfun.caterpillar.HelloBean" autowire="byType"> <property name="helloWord"> <value>Hello!</value> </property> </bean> </beans>
五、“byName”自动绑定
将“三”中的配置文件改为下面,即可完成bean属性的按名称自动绑定。
<beans> <bean id="dateBean" class="java.util.Date"/> <bean id="helloBean" class="onlyfun.caterpillar.HelloBean" autowire="byName"> <property name="helloWord"> <value>Hello!</value> </property> </bean> </beans>
六、“constructor”自动绑定
将“三”中的配置文件改为下面,即可完成bean属性的按构造方法自动绑定。在建立依赖关系时,Srping容器会试图比对容器中的Bean实例类型,及相关的构造方法上的参数类型,看看在类型上是否符合,如果有的话,则选用该构造方法来建立Bean实例。如果无法绑定,则抛出org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException异常。
<beans> <bean id="dateBean" class="java.util.Date"/> <bean id="helloBean" class="onlyfun.caterpillar.HelloBean" autowire="constructor"> <property name="helloWord"> <value>Hello!</value> </property> </bean> </beans>
六、“autodetect”自动绑定
将“三”中的配置文件改为下面,即可完成bean属性的自动绑定,这个自动绑定是Spring会尝试用入constructor来处理依赖关系的建立,如果不行,则再尝试用byType类建立依赖关系。
<beans> <bean id="dateBean" class="java.util.Date"/> <bean id="helloBean" class="onlyfun.caterpillar.HelloBean" autowire="autodetect"> <property name="helloWord"> <value>Hello!</value> </property> </bean> </beans>
七、依赖检查方式
在自动绑定中,由于没办法从定义文件中,清楚地看到是否每个属性都完成设定,为了确定某些依赖关系确实建立,您可以假如依赖检查,在<bean>标签使用时设定"dependency-check",可以有四种依赖检查方式:simple、objects、all、none。
simple:只检查简单的类型(像原生数据类型或字符串对象)属性是否完成依赖关系,。
objects:检查对象类型的属性是否完成依赖关系。
all:则检查全部的属性是否完成依赖关系。
none:设定是默认值,表示不检查依赖性。
<beans> <bean id="dateBean" class="java.util.Date"/> <bean id="helloBean" class="onlyfun.caterpillar.HelloBean" autowire="autodetect" dependeny-check="all"> <property name="helloWord"> <value>Hello!</value> </property> </bean> </beans>
八、集合对象注入
对于像数组、List、Set、Map等集合对象,在注入前必须填充一些对象至集合中,然后再将集合对象注入至所需的Bean时,也可以交由Spring的IoC容器来自动维护或生成集合对象,并完成依赖注入。
public class SomeBean { private String[] someStrArray; private Some[] someObjArray; private List someList; private Map someMap; public String[] getSomeStrArray() { return someStrArray; } public void setSomeStrArray(String[] someStrArray) { this.someStrArray = someStrArray; } public Some[] getSomeObjArray() { return someObjArray; } public void setSomeObjArray(Some[] someObjArray) { this.someObjArray = someObjArray; } public List getSomeList() { return someList; } public void setSomeList(List someList) { this.someList = someList; } public Map getSomeMap() { return someMap; } public void setSomeMap(Map someMap) { this.someMap = someMap; } } public class Some { private String name; public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public String toString() { return name; } }
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC "-//SPRING/DTD BEAN/EN" "http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans.dtd"> <beans> <bean id="some1" class="onlyfun.caterpillar.Some"> <property name="name"> <value>Justin</value> </property> </bean> <bean id="some2" class="onlyfun.caterpillar.Some"> <property name="name"> <value>momor</value> </property> </bean> <bean id="someBean" class="onlyfun.caterpillar.SomeBean"> <property name="someStrArray"> <list> <value>Hello</value> <value>Welcome</value> </list> </property> <property name="someObjArray"> <list> <ref bean="some1"/> <ref bean="some2"/> </list> </property> <property name="someList"> <list> <value>ListTest</value> <ref bean="some1"/> <ref bean="some2"/> </list> </property> <property name="someMap"> <map> <entry key="MapTest"> <value>Hello!Justin!</value> </entry> <entry key="someKey1"> <ref bean="some1"/> </entry> </map> </property> </bean> </beans>
public class SpringDemo { public static void main(String[] args) { ApplicationContext context = new FileSystemXmlApplicationContext( "beans-config.xml"); SomeBean someBean = (SomeBean) context.getBean("someBean"); // 取得数组型态依赖注入对象 String[] strs = (String[]) someBean.getSomeStrArray(); Some[] somes = (Some[]) someBean.getSomeObjArray(); for(int i = 0; i < strs.length; i++) { System.out.println(strs[i] + "," + somes[i].getName()); } // 取得List型态依赖注入对象 System.out.println(); List someList = (List) someBean.getSomeList(); for(int i = 0; i < someList.size(); i++) { System.out.println(someList.get(i)); } // 取得Map型态依赖注入对象 System.out.println(); Map someMap = (Map) someBean.getSomeMap(); System.out.println(someMap.get("MapTest")); System.out.println(someMap.get("someKey1")); } }
希望本文所述对大家Java程序设计有所帮助。