如何利用Python开发一个简单的猜数字游戏

前言

本文介绍如何使用Python制作一个简单的猜数字游戏。

游戏规则

玩家将猜测一个数字。如果猜测是正确的，玩家赢。如果不正确，程序会提示玩家所猜的数字与实际数字相比是“大（high）”还是“小(low)”,如此往复直到玩家猜对数字。

准备好Python3

首先，需要在计算机上安装Python。可以从Python官网下载并安装。本教程需要使用最新版的Python 3（版本3.x.x）。

确保选中将Python添加到PATH变量的框。如果不这样做，将很难运行该程序。

现在，在设备上打开文本/代码编辑器。就个人而言，我偏好使用Brackets。 Windows上预装了Notepad， Mac OS包含TextEdit，而Linux用户可以使用Vim。

打开文本编辑器后，保存新文件。我将它命名为main.py，但你可以随意命名，只要它以.py结尾即可。

编码

本教程的说明将作为注释包含在代码中。 在Python中，注释以＃开头并一直持续到行结束。

from keras.layers import Conv2D, MaxPooling2D, GlobalAveragePooling2D
# First, we need to import the 'random' module.
# This module contains the functionality we need to be able to randomly
select the winning number.

import random

# Now, we need to select a random number.
# This line will set the variable 'correct' to be equal to a random
 integer between 1 and 10.

correct = random.randint(1, 10)
# Let's get the user's first guess using the 'input' function.

guess = input("Enter your guess: ")

# Right now, the user's input is formatted as a string.
# We can format it as an integer using the 'int' function.

guess = int(guess)

# Let's start a loop that will continue until the user has guessed
 correctly.
# We can use the '!=' operator to mean 'not equal'.

while guess != correct:
# Everything in this loop will repeat until the user has guessed
 correctly.
# Let's start by giving the user feedback on their guess. We can do
 this using the 'if' statement.

# This statement will check if a comparison is true.
# If it is, the code inside the 'if' statement will run.

if guess > correct:

# This code will run if the user guessed too high.
# We can show a message to the user using the 'print' function.

print("You've guessed too high. Try guessing lower.")

else:

# The 'else' statement adds on to an 'if' statement.
# It will run if the condition of the 'if' statement is false.

# In this case, it will run if the user guessed too low, so we can give
 them feedback.

print("You've guessed too low. Try guessing higher.")

# Now we need to let the user guess again.
# Notice how I am combining the two lines of guessing code to make just
one line.

guess = int(input("Enter your guess: "))

# If a user's guess is still incorrect, the code in the 'while' loop
 will be repeated
.# If they've reached this point in the code, it means they guessed
 correctly, so let's say that.

print("Congratulations! You've guessed correctly.")

此外，可以随意更改程序中的任何内容。

例如，可以将正确的数字设置为1到100而不是1到10，可以更改程序在print（）函数中所说的内容。你的代码想怎么写都可以。

运行程序

根据你的操作系统，打开命令提示符（Windows / Linux）或终端（Mac）。 按顺序尝试以下每个命令。 如果正确安装Python，其中至少有一个应该可以运行。

python C:/Users/username/Desktop/main.py

py C:/Users/username/Desktop/main.py

python3 C:/Users/username/Desktop/main.py 

确保将C：/Users/username/Desktop/main.py替换为Python文件的完整路径。程序运行后，可测试一下，玩几次！ 完成操作后，按向上箭头键复制最后一个命令，然后按Enter即可再次运行。以下是没有任何注释的代码版本：

import random

correct = random.randint(1, 10)

guess = input("Enter your guess: ")
guess = int(guess)

while guess != correct:
if guess > correct:
print("You've guessed too high. Try guessing lower.")
else:
print("You've guessed too low. Try guessing higher.")

guess = int(input("Enter your guess: "))
print("Congratulations! You've guessed correctly.")

总结

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