java 验证码的生成实现
java 验证码的生成实现
所谓验证码,就是将一串随机产生的数字或符号,生成一幅图片, 图片里加上一些干扰,例如随机画数条直线或者画一些点,由用户肉眼识别其中的验证码信息,输入表单提交网站验证,验证成功后才能使用某项功能。验证码中之所以加上凌乱的直线是为了防止某些人使用OCR软件识别随机产生的数字或符号,从而达到恶意破解密码、刷票、论坛灌水、刷页等恶意行为。下面就开始直接上代码吧:
下面是Demo的文件组织结构
下面就是index.jsp的代码。主要功能是单击浏览器上的验证码图片,实现验证码的更换。
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <% String path = request.getContextPath(); String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/"; %> <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> <html> <head> <base href="<%=basePath%>" rel="external nofollow" > <title>验证码</title> <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache"> <meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache"> <meta http-equiv="expires" content="0"> <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3"> <meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page"> <title>验证码</title> <script type="text/javascript"> function refresh(obj) { obj.src = "${pageContext.request.contextPath}/RandomValidateCodeServlet?"+Math.random(); } </script> </head> <body> <form action="checkServlet" method="post"> <img title="点击更换" onclick="javascript:refresh(this);" src="RandomValidateCodeServlet"> </form> </body> </html>
Web.xml中的servlet配置信息如下
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app version="2.5" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"> <servlet> <servlet-name>RandomValidateCodeServlet</servlet-name> <servlet-class>com.web.RandomValidateCodeServlet</servlet-class> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>RandomValidateCodeServlet</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/RandomValidateCodeServlet</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list> </web-app>
下面是servlet中的代码,这里只是为了演示所以就只做了doGet方法,对于doPost方法就没有在这里考虑
public class RandomValidateCodeServlet extends HttpServlet { public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { response.setContentType("image/jpeg");//设置相应类型,告诉浏览器输出的内容为图片 response.setHeader("Pragma", "No-cache");//设置响应头信息,告诉浏览器不要缓存此内容 response.setHeader("Cache-Control", "no-cache"); response.setDateHeader("Expire", 0); RandomValidateCode randomValidateCode = new RandomValidateCode(); try { randomValidateCode.getRandcode(request, response);//输出图片方法 } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
下面就是验证码生成的主要类了
public class RandomValidateCode { public static final String RANDOMCODEKEY = "RANDOMVALIDATECODEKEY";// 放到session中的key private Random random = new Random(); // 随机产生数字与字母组合的字符串 private String randString = "0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"; /* * private String randString = "0123456789";//随机产生只有数字的字符串 private String * randString = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ";//随机产生只有字母的字符串 */ private int width = 80;// 图片宽 private int height = 26;// 图片高 private int lineSize = 40;// 干扰线数量 private int stringNum = 4;// 随机产生字符数量 /* * 获得字体 */ private Font getFont() { return new Font("Fixedsys", Font.CENTER_BASELINE, 18); } /* * 获得颜色 */ private Color getRandColor(int fc, int bc) { if (fc > 255) fc = 255; if (bc > 255) bc = 255; int r = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc - 16); int g = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc - 14); int b = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc - 18); return new Color(r, g, b); } /** * 生成随机图片 */ public void getRandcode(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) { HttpSession session = request.getSession(); // BufferedImage类是具有缓冲区的Image类,Image类是用于描述图像信息的类 BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_BGR); Graphics g = image.getGraphics();// 产生Image对象的Graphics对象,改对象可以在图像上进行各种绘制操作 g.fillRect(0, 0, width, height); g.setFont(new Font("Times New Roman", Font.ROMAN_BASELINE, 18)); g.setColor(getRandColor(110, 133)); // 绘制干扰线 for (int i = 0; i <= lineSize; i++) { drowLine(g); } // 绘制随机字符 String randomString = ""; for (int i = 1; i <= stringNum; i++) { randomString = drowString(g, randomString, i); } //将生成的随机字符串保存到session中,而jsp界面通过session.getAttribute("RANDOMCODEKEY"), //获得生成的验证码,然后跟用户输入的进行比较 session.removeAttribute(RANDOMCODEKEY); session.setAttribute(RANDOMCODEKEY, randomString); g.dispose(); try { // 将内存中的图片通过流动形式输出到客户端 ImageIO.write(image, "JPEG", response.getOutputStream()); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } /* * 绘制字符串 */ private String drowString(Graphics g, String randomString, int i) { g.setFont(getFont()); g.setColor(new Color(random.nextInt(101), random.nextInt(111), random .nextInt(121))); String rand = String.valueOf(getRandomString(random.nextInt(randString .length()))); randomString += rand; g.translate(random.nextInt(3), random.nextInt(3)); g.drawString(rand, 13 * i, 16); return randomString; } /* * 绘制干扰线 */ private void drowLine(Graphics g) { int x = random.nextInt(width); int y = random.nextInt(height); int xl = random.nextInt(13); int yl = random.nextInt(15); g.drawLine(x, y, x + xl, y + yl); } /* * 获取随机的字符 */ public String getRandomString(int num) { return String.valueOf(randString.charAt(num)); } }
以上就是纯数字、纯字母、数字和字母组合的验证码生成的主要代码,其中的注释很详细,这里就不多做其他的解释了。
以上就是java 验证码生成的实例,如有疑问请留言或者到本站社区交流讨论,感谢阅读,希望能帮助到大家,谢谢大家对本站的支持!
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