SpringMVC Mock测试实现原理及实现过程详解
什么是mock测试?
在测试过程中,对于某些不容易构成或者不容易获取的对象,用一个虚拟的对象来创建以便测试的测试方法,就是Mock测试。
Servlet、Request、Response等Servlet API相关对象本来就是由Servlet容器(Tomcat)创建的。
这个虚拟的对象就是Mock对象。
Mock对象是真实对象在调试期间的代替品。
为什么使用Mock测试?
- 避免开发模块之间的耦合
- 轻量、简单、灵活
MockMVC介绍
MockMvcBuilder
他是用来构造MockMVC的构造器
主要有两个实现:StandaloneMockMvcBuilder和DefaultMockMvcBuilder,分别对应之前的两种测试方式。
我们直接使用静态工厂MockMvcBuilders创建即可。
MockMvcBuilders
负责创建MockMvcBuilder对象
有两种创建方式
1、standaloneSetup(Object... controllers)
2、webAppContextSetup(WebApplicationContext wac):指定WebApplicationContext,将会从该上下文获取相应的控制器并得到相应的MockMvc
MockMvc
对于服务器端的Spring MVC测试支持主入口点。
通过MockMvcBuilder构造
MockMvcBuilder由MockMvcBuilders的静态方法去构造。
核心方法:perform(RequestBuilder requestBuilder)---->执行一个RequestBuilder请求,会自动执行SpringMvc的流程并映射到相应的控制器执行处理,该方法的返回值是一个ResultActions;
ResultActions
andExpect
添加ResultMatcher验证规则,验证控制器执行完成后结果是否正确。
andDo
添加ResultHandler结果处理器,比如调试时打印结果到控制台;
andReturn
最后返回相应的MvcResult;然后进行自定义验证/进行下一步的异步处理。
MockMvcRequestBuilders
- 用来构造请求
- 主要由两个子类MockHttpServletRequestBuilder和MockMultipartHttpServletRequestBuilder(如文件上传),即用来Mock客户端请求需要的所有数据。
MockMvcResultMatchers
- 用来匹配执行完请求后的结果验证
- 如果匹配失败将抛出相应的异常
- 包含了很多验证API方法
MockMvcResultHandlers
- 结果处理器,表示要对结果做点什么事情
- 比如此处使用MockMvcResultHandlers.print()输出整个相应结果信息。
MvcResult
单元测试执行结果,可以针对执行结果进行自定义验证逻辑。
MocMvc的使用
添加依赖
<!-- spring 单元测试组件包 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId> <version>5.0.7.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <!-- 单元测试Junit --> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>4.12</version> </dependency>
测试类
TestMockMVC.java
package com.cyb.ssm.controller.test; import org.junit.Before; import org.junit.Test; import org.junit.runner.RunWith; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration; import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner; import org.springframework.test.context.web.WebAppConfiguration; import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc; import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MvcResult; import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.ResultActions; import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders; import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultHandlers; import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers; import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders; import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext; //@WebAppConfiguration:可以在单元测试的时候,不用启动Servlet容器,就可以获取一个Web应用上下文 @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) @ContextConfiguration(locations = "classpath:spring/*.xml") @WebAppConfiguration public class TestMockMVC { @Autowired private WebApplicationContext wac; private MockMvc mockMvc; @Before public void Setup() { // 初始化一个MockMVC对象的方式有两种:单独设置、web应用上下文设置 // 建议使用web应用上下文设置 mockMvc = new MockMvcBuilders().webAppContextSetup(wac).build(); } @Test public void test() throws Exception { // 通过perform去执行一个Http请求 // andExpect:通过该方法,判断请求执行是否成功 // andDo:对请求之后的结果,进行输出 MvcResult result = mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/item/showEdit").param("id", "1")) .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.view().name("item/item-edit")) .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk()) .andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print()) .andReturn(); System.out.println("==============="); System.out.println(result.getHandler()); } }
运行结果如下
JRE Oracle Corporation/13.0.1 is not supported, advanced source lookup disabled. 12月 12, 2019 4:48:43 下午 org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractTestContextBootstrapper getDefaultTestExecutionListenerClassNames 信息: Loaded default TestExecutionListener class names from location [META-INF/spring.factories]: [org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener, org.springframework.test.context.support.DirtiesContextBeforeModesTestExecutionListener, org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener, org.springframework.test.context.support.DirtiesContextTestExecutionListener, org.springframework.test.context.transaction.TransactionalTestExecutionListener, org.springframework.test.context.jdbc.SqlScriptsTestExecutionListener] 12月 12, 2019 4:48:43 下午 org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractTestContextBootstrapper getTestExecutionListeners 信息: Using TestExecutionListeners: [org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener@4470f8a6, org.springframework.test.context.support.DirtiesContextBeforeModesTestExecutionListener@7c83dc97, org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener@7748410a, org.springframework.test.context.support.DirtiesContextTestExecutionListener@740773a3, org.springframework.test.context.transaction.TransactionalTestExecutionListener@37f1104d, org.springframework.test.context.jdbc.SqlScriptsTestExecutionListener@55740540] 12月 12, 2019 4:48:43 下午 org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader loadBeanDefinitions 信息: Loading XML bean definitions from file [D:\JAVA\eclipse_setup\ssm-project\target\classes\spring\applicationContext-dao.xml] 12月 12, 2019 4:48:43 下午 org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader loadBeanDefinitions 信息: Loading XML bean definitions from file [D:\JAVA\eclipse_setup\ssm-project\target\classes\spring\applicationContext-service.xml] 12月 12, 2019 4:48:43 下午 org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader loadBeanDefinitions 信息: Loading XML bean definitions from file [D:\JAVA\eclipse_setup\ssm-project\target\classes\spring\applicationContext-tx.xml] 12月 12, 2019 4:48:43 下午 org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader loadBeanDefinitions 信息: Loading XML bean definitions from file [D:\JAVA\eclipse_setup\ssm-project\target\classes\spring\springmvc.xml] 12月 12, 2019 4:48:43 下午 org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext prepareRefresh 信息: Refreshing org.springframework.web.context.support.GenericWebApplicationContext@50ad3bc1: startup date [Thu Dec 12 16:48:43 CST 2019]; root of context hierarchy 12月 12, 2019 4:48:44 下午 org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.AbstractHandlerMethodMapping$MappingRegistry register 信息: Mapped "{[/item/updateItem],produces=[application/json;charset=utf8]}" onto public com.cyb.ssm.po.Item com.cyb.ssm.controller.ItemController.updateItem(java.lang.Integer,java.lang.String,java.lang.Float,com.cyb.ssm.po.Item,org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile) throws java.lang.Exception 12月 12, 2019 4:48:44 下午 org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.AbstractHandlerMethodMapping$MappingRegistry register 信息: Mapped "{[/item/testRedirect],produces=[application/json;charset=utf8]}" onto public java.lang.String com.cyb.ssm.controller.ItemController.testRedirect(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest) 12月 12, 2019 4:48:44 下午 org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.AbstractHandlerMethodMapping$MappingRegistry register 信息: Mapped "{[/item/testForward],produces=[application/json;charset=utf8]}" onto public java.lang.String com.cyb.ssm.controller.ItemController.testForward(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest) 12月 12, 2019 4:48:44 下午 org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.AbstractHandlerMethodMapping$MappingRegistry register 信息: Mapped "{[/item/findItem],produces=[application/json;charset=utf8]}" onto public java.lang.String com.cyb.ssm.controller.ItemController.findItem(java.lang.Integer) 12月 12, 2019 4:48:44 下午 org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.AbstractHandlerMethodMapping$MappingRegistry register 信息: Mapped "{[/item/queryItem],produces=[application/json;charset=utf8]}" onto public org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView com.cyb.ssm.controller.ItemController.queryItem() throws com.cyb.ssm.exception.CustomException 12月 12, 2019 4:48:44 下午 org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.AbstractHandlerMethodMapping$MappingRegistry register 信息: Mapped "{[/item/queryItem2],produces=[application/json;charset=utf8]}" onto public com.cyb.ssm.po.Item com.cyb.ssm.controller.ItemController.queryItem2(com.cyb.ssm.po.ItemQueryVO) 12月 12, 2019 4:48:44 下午 org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.AbstractHandlerMethodMapping$MappingRegistry register 信息: Mapped "{[/item/deleteItem],produces=[application/json;charset=utf8]}" onto public void com.cyb.ssm.controller.ItemController.deleteItem(java.lang.String[]) 12月 12, 2019 4:48:44 下午 org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.AbstractHandlerMethodMapping$MappingRegistry register 信息: Mapped "{[/item/saveItem],produces=[application/json;charset=utf8]}" onto public java.util.Date com.cyb.ssm.controller.ItemController.saveItem(java.util.Date) 12月 12, 2019 4:48:44 下午 org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.AbstractHandlerMethodMapping$MappingRegistry register 信息: Mapped "{[/item/showEdit],produces=[application/json;charset=utf8]}" onto public org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView com.cyb.ssm.controller.ItemController.showEdit(java.lang.Integer) 12月 12, 2019 4:48:44 下午 org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.AbstractHandlerMethodMapping$MappingRegistry register 信息: Mapped "{[/item/batchUpdateItem],produces=[application/json;charset=utf8]}" onto public java.util.List<com.cyb.ssm.po.Item> com.cyb.ssm.controller.ItemController.batchUpdateItem(com.cyb.ssm.po.ItemQueryVO) 12月 12, 2019 4:48:44 下午 org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.AbstractHandlerMethodMapping$MappingRegistry register 信息: Mapped "{[/queryItemByIdWithRest]}" onto public com.cyb.ssm.po.Item com.cyb.ssm.controller.RestItemController.queryItemById() 12月 12, 2019 4:48:44 下午 org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter initControllerAdviceCache 信息: Looking for @ControllerAdvice: org.springframework.web.context.support.GenericWebApplicationContext@50ad3bc1: startup date [Thu Dec 12 16:48:43 CST 2019]; root of context hierarchy 12月 12, 2019 4:48:44 下午 org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter initControllerAdviceCache 信息: Looking for @ControllerAdvice: org.springframework.web.context.support.GenericWebApplicationContext@50ad3bc1: startup date [Thu Dec 12 16:48:43 CST 2019]; root of context hierarchy 12月 12, 2019 4:48:44 下午 org.springframework.mock.web.MockServletContext log 信息: Initializing Spring FrameworkServlet '' 12月 12, 2019 4:48:44 下午 org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet initServletBean 信息: FrameworkServlet '': initialization started 12月 12, 2019 4:48:44 下午 org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet initServletBean 信息: FrameworkServlet '': initialization completed in 17 ms com.cyb.ssm.po.Item@1ad9b8d3 MockHttpServletRequest: HTTP Method = GET Request URI = /item/showEdit Parameters = {id=[1]} Headers = {} Body = <no character encoding set> Session Attrs = {} Handler: Type = com.cyb.ssm.controller.ItemController Method = public org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView com.cyb.ssm.controller.ItemController.showEdit(java.lang.Integer) Async: Async started = false Async result = null Resolved Exception: Type = null ModelAndView: View name = item/item-edit View = null Attribute = item value = com.cyb.ssm.po.Item@1ad9b8d3 errors = [] FlashMap: Attributes = null MockHttpServletResponse: Status = 200 Error message = null Headers = {Content-Language=[en]} Content type = null Body = Forwarded URL = /WEB-INF/jsp/item/item-edit.jsp Redirected URL = null Cookies = [] =============== public org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView com.cyb.ssm.controller.ItemController.showEdit(java.lang.Integer)
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