Kubernetes(K8S)容器集群管理环境完整部署详细教程-中篇
本文系列：
Kubernetes(K8S)容器集群管理环境完整部署详细教程-上篇
Kubernetes(K8S)容器集群管理环境完整部署详细教程-中篇
Kubernetes(K8S)容器集群管理环境完整部署详细教程-下篇
接着Kubernetes(K8S)容器集群管理环境完整部署详细教程-上篇继续往下部署：
八、部署master节点
master节点的kube-apiserver、kube-scheduler 和 kube-controller-manager 均以多实例模式运行：kube-scheduler 和 kube-controller-manager 会自动选举产生一个 leader 实例，其它实例处于阻塞模式，当 leader 挂了后，重新选举产生新的 leader，从而保证服务可用性；kube-apiserver 是无状态的，需要通过 kube-nginx 进行代理访问，从而保证服务可用性；
下面部署命令均在k8s-master01节点上执行，然后远程分发文件和执行命令。
下载最新版本二进制文件
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# cd /opt/k8s/work
[root@k8s-master01 work]# wget https://dl.k8s.io/v1.14.2/kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
[root@k8s-master01 work]# tar -xzvf kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
[root@k8s-master01 work]# cd kubernetes
[root@k8s-master01 work]# tar -xzvf kubernetes-src.tar.gz
将二进制文件拷贝到所有 master 节点：
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# cd /opt/k8s/work
[root@k8s-master01 work]# source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
[root@k8s-master01 work]# for node_master_ip in ${NODE_MASTER_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_master_ip}"
scp kubernetes/server/bin/{apiextensions-apiserver,cloud-controller-manager,kube-apiserver,kube-controller-manager,kube-proxy,kube-scheduler,kubeadm,kubectl,kubelet,mounter} root@${node_master_ip}:/opt/k8s/bin/
ssh root@${node_master_ip} "chmod +x /opt/k8s/bin/*"
done
8.1 - 部署高可用 kube-apiserver 集群
这里部署一个三实例kube-apiserver集群环境，它们通过nginx四层代理进行访问，对外提供一个统一的vip地址，从而保证服务可用性。下面部署命令均在k8s-master01节点上执行，然后远程分发文件和执行命令。
1) 创建 kubernetes 证书和私钥
创建证书签名请求：
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# cd /opt/k8s/work
[root@k8s-master01 work]# source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
[root@k8s-master01 work]# cat > kubernetes-csr.json <<EOF
{
"CN": "kubernetes",
"hosts": [
"127.0.0.1",
"172.16.60.250",
"172.16.60.241",
"172.16.60.242",
"172.16.60.243",
"${CLUSTER_KUBERNETES_SVC_IP}",
"kubernetes",
"kubernetes.default",
"kubernetes.default.svc",
"kubernetes.default.svc.cluster",
"kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local"
],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"ST": "BeiJing",
"L": "BeiJing",
"O": "k8s",
"OU": "4Paradigm"
}
]
}
EOF
解释说明：
• hosts 字段指定授权使用该证书的 IP 或域名列表，这里列出了 VIP 、apiserver 节点 IP、kubernetes 服务 IP 和域名；
• 域名最后字符不能是 .(如不能为 kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local.)，否则解析时失败，提示：
x509: cannot parse dnsName "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local."；
• 如果使用非 cluster.local 域名，如 opsnull.com，则需要修改域名列表中的最后两个域名为：kubernetes.default.svc.opsnull、kubernetes.default.svc.opsnull.com
• kubernetes 服务 IP 是 apiserver 自动创建的，一般是 --service-cluster-ip-range 参数指定的网段的第一个IP，后续可以通过如下命令获取：
[root@k8s-master01 work]# kubectl get svc kubernetes
The connection to the server 172.16.60.250:8443 was refused - did you specify the right host or port?
上面报错是因为kube-apiserver服务此时没有启动，后续待apiserver服务启动后，以上命令就可以获得了。
生成证书和私钥：
[root@k8s-master01 work]# cfssl gencert -ca=/opt/k8s/work/ca.pem \
-ca-key=/opt/k8s/work/ca-key.pem \
-config=/opt/k8s/work/ca-config.json \
-profile=kubernetes kubernetes-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kubernetes
[root@k8s-master01 work]# ls kubernetes*pem
kubernetes-key.pem kubernetes.pem
将生成的证书和私钥文件拷贝到所有 master 节点：
[root@k8s-master01 work]# cd /opt/k8s/work
[root@k8s-master01 work]# source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
[root@k8s-master01 work]# for node_master_ip in ${NODE_MASTER_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_master_ip}"
ssh root@${node_master_ip} "mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes/cert"
scp kubernetes*.pem root@${node_master_ip}:/etc/kubernetes/cert/
done
2) 创建加密配置文件
[root@k8s-master01 work]# cd /opt/k8s/work
[root@k8s-master01 work]# source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
[root@k8s-master01 work]# cat > encryption-config.yaml <<EOF
kind: EncryptionConfig
apiVersion: v1
resources:
- resources:
- secrets
providers:
- aescbc:
keys:
- name: key1
secret: ${ENCRYPTION_KEY}
- identity: {}
EOF
将加密配置文件拷贝到 master 节点的 /etc/kubernetes 目录下：
[root@k8s-master01 work]# cd /opt/k8s/work
[root@k8s-master01 work]# source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
[root@k8s-master01 work]# for node_master_ip in ${NODE_MASTER_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_master_ip}"
scp encryption-config.yaml root@${node_master_ip}:/etc/kubernetes/
done
3) 创建审计策略文件
[root@k8s-master01 work]# cd /opt/k8s/work
[root@k8s-master01 work]# source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
[root@k8s-master01 work]# cat > audit-policy.yaml <<EOF
apiVersion: audit.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Policy
rules:
# The following requests were manually identified as high-volume and low-risk, so drop them.
- level: None
resources:
- group: ""
resources:
- endpoints
- services
- services/status
users:
- 'system:kube-proxy'
verbs:
- watch
- level: None
resources:
- group: ""
resources:
- nodes
- nodes/status
userGroups:
- 'system:nodes'
verbs:
- get
- level: None
namespaces:
- kube-system
resources:
- group: ""
resources:
- endpoints
users:
- 'system:kube-controller-manager'
- 'system:kube-scheduler'
- 'system:serviceaccount:kube-system:endpoint-controller'
verbs:
- get
- update
- level: None
resources:
- group: ""
resources:
- namespaces
- namespaces/status
- namespaces/finalize
users:
- 'system:apiserver'
verbs:
- get
# Don't log HPA fetching metrics.
- level: None
resources:
- group: metrics.k8s.io
users:
- 'system:kube-controller-manager'
verbs:
- get
- list
# Don't log these read-only URLs.
- level: None
nonResourceURLs:
- '/healthz*'
- /version
- '/swagger*'
# Don't log events requests.
- level: None
resources:
- group: ""
resources:
- events
# node and pod status calls from nodes are high-volume and can be large, don't log responses for expected updates from nodes
- level: Request
omitStages:
- RequestReceived
resources:
- group: ""
resources:
- nodes/status
- pods/status
users:
- kubelet
- 'system:node-problem-detector'
- 'system:serviceaccount:kube-system:node-problem-detector'
verbs:
- update
- patch
- level: Request
omitStages:
- RequestReceived
resources:
- group: ""
resources:
- nodes/status
- pods/status
userGroups:
- 'system:nodes'
verbs:
- update
- patch
# deletecollection calls can be large, don't log responses for expected namespace deletions
- level: Request
omitStages:
- RequestReceived
users:
- 'system:serviceaccount:kube-system:namespace-controller'
verbs:
- deletecollection
# Secrets, ConfigMaps, and TokenReviews can contain sensitive & binary data,
# so only log at the Metadata level.
- level: Metadata
omitStages:
- RequestReceived
resources:
- group: ""
resources:
- secrets
- configmaps
- group: authentication.k8s.io
resources:
- tokenreviews
# Get repsonses can be large; skip them.
- level: Request
omitStages:
- RequestReceived
resources:
- group: ""
- group: admissionregistration.k8s.io
- group: apiextensions.k8s.io
- group: apiregistration.k8s.io
- group: apps
- group: authentication.k8s.io
- group: authorization.k8s.io
- group: autoscaling
- group: batch
- group: certificates.k8s.io
- group: extensions
- group: metrics.k8s.io
- group: networking.k8s.io
- group: policy
- group: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
- group: scheduling.k8s.io
- group: settings.k8s.io
- group: storage.k8s.io
verbs:
- get
- list
- watch
# Default level for known APIs
- level: RequestResponse
omitStages:
- RequestReceived
resources:
- group: ""
- group: admissionregistration.k8s.io
- group: apiextensions.k8s.io
- group: apiregistration.k8s.io
- group: apps
- group: authentication.k8s.io
- group: authorization.k8s.io
- group: autoscaling
- group: batch
- group: certificates.k8s.io
- group: extensions
- group: metrics.k8s.io
- group: networking.k8s.io
- group: policy
- group: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
- group: scheduling.k8s.io
- group: settings.k8s.io
- group: storage.k8s.io
# Default level for all other requests.
- level: Metadata
omitStages:
- RequestReceived
EOF
分发审计策略文件：
[root@k8s-master01 work]# cd /opt/k8s/work
[root@k8s-master01 work]# source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
[root@k8s-master01 work]# for node_master_ip in ${NODE_MASTER_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_master_ip}"
scp audit-policy.yaml root@${node_master_ip}:/etc/kubernetes/audit-policy.yaml
done
4) 创建后续访问 metrics-server 使用的证书
创建证书签名请求:
[root@k8s-master01 work]# cat > proxy-client-csr.json <<EOF
{
"CN": "aggregator",
"hosts": [],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"ST": "BeiJing",
"L": "BeiJing",
"O": "k8s",
"OU": "4Paradigm"
}
]
}
EOF
CN 名称为 aggregator，需要与 metrics-server 的 --requestheader-allowed-names 参数配置一致，否则访问会被 metrics-server 拒绝；
生成证书和私钥：
[root@k8s-master01 work]# cfssl gencert -ca=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem \
-ca-key=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca-key.pem \
-config=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca-config.json \
-profile=kubernetes proxy-client-csr.json | cfssljson -bare proxy-client
[root@k8s-master01 work]# ls proxy-client*.pem
proxy-client-key.pem proxy-client.pem
将生成的证书和私钥文件拷贝到所有 master 节点：
[root@k8s-master01 work]# source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
[root@k8s-master01 work]# for node_master_ip in ${NODE_MASTER_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_master_ip}"
scp proxy-client*.pem root@${node_master_ip}:/etc/kubernetes/cert/
done
5) 创建 kube-apiserver systemd unit 模板文件
[root@k8s-master01 work]# cd /opt/k8s/work
[root@k8s-master01 work]# source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
[root@k8s-master01 work]# cat > kube-apiserver.service.template <<EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes API Server
Documentation=https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes
After=network.target
[Service]
WorkingDirectory=${K8S_DIR}/kube-apiserver
ExecStart=/opt/k8s/bin/kube-apiserver \\
--advertise-address=##NODE_MASTER_IP## \\
--default-not-ready-toleration-seconds=360 \\
--default-unreachable-toleration-seconds=360 \\
--feature-gates=DynamicAuditing=true \\
--max-mutating-requests-inflight=2000 \\
--max-requests-inflight=4000 \\
--default-watch-cache-size=200 \\
--delete-collection-workers=2 \\
--encryption-provider-config=/etc/kubernetes/encryption-config.yaml \\
--etcd-cafile=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem \\
--etcd-certfile=/etc/kubernetes/cert/kubernetes.pem \\
--etcd-keyfile=/etc/kubernetes/cert/kubernetes-key.pem \\
--etcd-servers=${ETCD_ENDPOINTS} \\
--bind-address=##NODE_MASTER_IP## \\
--secure-port=6443 \\
--tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/cert/kubernetes.pem \\
--tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/cert/kubernetes-key.pem \\
--insecure-port=0 \\
--audit-dynamic-configuration \\
--audit-log-maxage=15 \\
--audit-log-maxbackup=3 \\
--audit-log-maxsize=100 \\
--audit-log-mode=batch \\
--audit-log-truncate-enabled \\
--audit-log-batch-buffer-size=20000 \\
--audit-log-batch-max-size=2 \\
--audit-log-path=${K8S_DIR}/kube-apiserver/audit.log \\
--audit-policy-file=/etc/kubernetes/audit-policy.yaml \\
--profiling \\
--anonymous-auth=false \\
--client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem \\
--enable-bootstrap-token-auth \\
--requestheader-allowed-names="" \\
--requestheader-client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem \\
--requestheader-extra-headers-prefix="X-Remote-Extra-" \\
--requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group \\
--requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User \\
--service-account-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem \\
--authorization-mode=Node,RBAC \\
--runtime-config=api/all=true \\
--enable-admission-plugins=NodeRestriction \\
--allow-privileged=true \\
--apiserver-count=3 \\
--event-ttl=168h \\
--kubelet-certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem \\
--kubelet-client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/cert/kubernetes.pem \\
--kubelet-client-key=/etc/kubernetes/cert/kubernetes-key.pem \\
--kubelet-https=true \\
--kubelet-timeout=10s \\
--proxy-client-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/cert/proxy-client.pem \\
--proxy-client-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/cert/proxy-client-key.pem \\
--service-cluster-ip-range=${SERVICE_CIDR} \\
--service-node-port-range=${NODE_PORT_RANGE} \\
--logtostderr=true \\
--enable-aggregator-routing=true \\
--v=2
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=10
Type=notify
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
解释说明：
--advertise-address：apiserver 对外通告的 IP（kubernetes 服务后端节点 IP）；
--default-*-toleration-seconds：设置节点异常相关的阈值；
--max-*-requests-inflight：请求相关的最大阈值；
--etcd-*：访问 etcd 的证书和 etcd 服务器地址；
--experimental-encryption-provider-config：指定用于加密 etcd 中 secret 的配置；
--bind-address： https 监听的 IP，不能为 127.0.0.1，否则外界不能访问它的安全端口 6443；
--secret-port：https 监听端口；
--insecure-port=0：关闭监听 http 非安全端口(8080)；
--tls-*-file：指定 apiserver 使用的证书、私钥和 CA 文件；
--audit-*：配置审计策略和审计日志文件相关的参数；
--client-ca-file：验证 client (kue-controller-manager、kube-scheduler、kubelet、kube-proxy 等)请求所带的证书；
--enable-bootstrap-token-auth：启用 kubelet bootstrap 的 token 认证；
--requestheader-*：kube-apiserver 的 aggregator layer 相关的配置参数，proxy-client & HPA 需要使用；
--requestheader-client-ca-file：用于签名 --proxy-client-cert-file 和 --proxy-client-key-file 指定的证书；在启用了 metric aggregator 时使用；
如果 --requestheader-allowed-names 不为空，则--proxy-client-cert-file 证书的 CN 必须位于 allowed-names 中，默认为 aggregator;
--service-account-key-file：签名 ServiceAccount Token 的公钥文件，kube-controller-manager 的 --service-account-private-key-file 指定私钥文件，两者配对使用；
--runtime-config=api/all=true： 启用所有版本的 APIs，如 autoscaling/v2alpha1；
--authorization-mode=Node,RBAC、--anonymous-auth=false： 开启 Node 和 RBAC 授权模式，拒绝未授权的请求；
--enable-admission-plugins：启用一些默认关闭的 plugins；
--allow-privileged：运行执行 privileged 权限的容器；
--apiserver-count=3：指定 apiserver 实例的数量；
--event-ttl：指定 events 的保存时间；
--kubelet-*：如果指定，则使用 https 访问 kubelet APIs；需要为证书对应的用户(上面 kubernetes*.pem 证书的用户为 kubernetes) 用户定义 RBAC 规则，否则访问 kubelet API 时提示未授权；
--proxy-client-*：apiserver 访问 metrics-server 使用的证书；
--service-cluster-ip-range： 指定 Service Cluster IP 地址段；
--service-node-port-range： 指定 NodePort 的端口范围；
注意：
如果kube-apiserver机器没有运行 kube-proxy，则需要添加 --enable-aggregator-routing=true 参数（这里master节点没有作为node节点使用，故没有运行kube-proxy，需要加这个参数）
requestheader-client-ca-file 指定的 CA 证书，必须具有 client auth and server auth！！
为各节点创建和分发 kube-apiserver systemd unit 文件
替换模板文件中的变量，为各节点生成 systemd unit 文件：
[root@k8s-master01 work]# cd /opt/k8s/work
[root@k8s-master01 work]# source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
[root@k8s-master01 work]# for (( i=0; i < 3; i++ ))
do
sed -e "s/##NODE_MASTER_NAME##/${NODE_MASTER_NAMES[i]}/" -e "s/##NODE_MASTER_IP##/${NODE_MASTER_IPS[i]}/" kube-apiserver.service.template > kube-apiserver-${NODE_MASTER_IPS[i]}.service
done
其中：NODE_NAMES 和 NODE_IPS 为相同长度的 bash 数组，分别为节点名称和对应的 IP；
[root@k8s-master01 work]# ll kube-apiserver*.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2718 Jun 18 10:38 kube-apiserver-172.16.60.241.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2718 Jun 18 10:38 kube-apiserver-172.16.60.242.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2718 Jun 18 10:38 kube-apiserver-172.16.60.243.service
分发生成的 systemd unit 文件, 文件重命名为 kube-apiserver.service;
[root@k8s-master01 work]# cd /opt/k8s/work
[root@k8s-master01 work]# source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
[root@k8s-master01 work]# for node_master_ip in ${NODE_MASTER_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_master_ip}"
scp kube-apiserver-${node_master_ip}.service root@${node_master_ip}:/etc/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service
done
6) 启动 kube-apiserver 服务
[root@k8s-master01 work]# source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
[root@k8s-master01 work]# for node_master_ip in ${NODE_MASTER_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_master_ip}"
ssh root@${node_master_ip} "mkdir -p ${K8S_DIR}/kube-apiserver"
ssh root@${node_master_ip} "systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl enable kube-apiserver && systemctl restart kube-apiserver"
done
注意：启动服务前必须先创建工作目录；
检查 kube-apiserver 运行状态
[root@k8s-master01 work]# source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
[root@k8s-master01 work]# for node_master_ip in ${NODE_MASTER_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_master_ip}"
ssh root@${node_master_ip} "systemctl status kube-apiserver |grep 'Active:'"
done
预期输出：
>>> 172.16.60.241
Active: active (running) since Tue 2019-06-18 10:42:42 CST; 1min 6s ago
>>> 172.16.60.242
Active: active (running) since Tue 2019-06-18 10:42:47 CST; 1min 2s ago
>>> 172.16.60.243
Active: active (running) since Tue 2019-06-18 10:42:51 CST; 58s ago
确保状态为 active (running)，否则查看日志，确认原因（journalctl -u kube-apiserver）
7）打印 kube-apiserver 写入 etcd 的数据
[root@k8s-master01 work]# source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
[root@k8s-master01 work]# ETCDCTL_API=3 etcdctl \
--endpoints=${ETCD_ENDPOINTS} \
--cacert=/opt/k8s/work/ca.pem \
--cert=/opt/k8s/work/etcd.pem \
--key=/opt/k8s/work/etcd-key.pem \
get /registry/ --prefix --keys-only
预期会打印出很多写入到etcd中的数据信息
8）检查集群信息
[root@k8s-master01 work]# kubectl cluster-info
Kubernetes master is running at https://172.16.60.250:8443
To further debug and diagnose cluster problems, use 'kubectl cluster-info dump'.
[root@k8s-master01 work]# kubectl get all --all-namespaces
NAMESPACE NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
default service/kubernetes ClusterIP 10.254.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 8m25s
查看集群状态信息
[root@k8s-master01 work]# kubectl get componentstatuses #或者执行命令"kubectl get cs"
NAME STATUS MESSAGE ERROR
controller-manager Unhealthy Get http://127.0.0.1:10252/healthz: dial tcp 127.0.0.1:10252: connect: connection refused
scheduler Unhealthy Get http://127.0.0.1:10251/healthz: dial tcp 127.0.0.1:10251: connect: connection refused
etcd-0 Healthy {"health":"true"}
etcd-2 Healthy {"health":"true"}
etcd-1 Healthy {"health":"true"}
controller-managerhe 和 schedule状态为Unhealthy，是因为此时还没有部署这两个组件，待后续部署好之后再查看~
这里注意：
-> 如果执行 kubectl 命令式时输出如下错误信息，则说明使用的 ~/.kube/config 文件不对，请切换到正确的账户后再执行该命令：
The connection to the server localhost:8080 was refused - did you specify the right host or port?
-> 执行 kubectl get componentstatuses 命令时，apiserver 默认向 127.0.0.1 发送请求。当 controller-manager、scheduler 以集群模式运行时，有可能和kube-apiserver
不在一台机器上，这时 controller-manager 或 scheduler 的状态为 Unhealthy，但实际上它们工作正常。
9) 检查 kube-apiserver 监听的端口
[root@k8s-master01 work]# netstat -lnpt|grep kube
tcp 0 0 172.16.60.241:6443 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 15516/kube-apiserve
需要注意：
6443: 接收 https 请求的安全端口，对所有请求做认证和授权；
由于关闭了非安全端口，故没有监听 8080；
10）授予 kube-apiserver 访问 kubelet API 的权限
在执行 kubectl exec、run、logs 等命令时，apiserver 会将请求转发到 kubelet 的 https 端口。
这里定义 RBAC 规则，授权 apiserver 使用的证书（kubernetes.pem）用户名（CN：kuberntes）访问 kubelet API 的权限：
[root@k8s-master01 work]# kubectl create clusterrolebinding kube-apiserver:kubelet-apis --clusterrole=system:kubelet-api-admin --user kubernetes
11）查看kube-apiserver输出的metrics
需要用到根证书
使用nginx的代理端口获取metrics
[root@k8s-master01 work]# curl -s --cacert /opt/k8s/work/ca.pem --cert /opt/k8s/work/admin.pem --key /opt/k8s/work/admin-key.pem https://172.16.60.250:8443/metrics|head
# HELP APIServiceOpenAPIAggregationControllerQueue1_adds (Deprecated) Total number of adds handled by workqueue: APIServiceOpenAPIAggregationControllerQueue1
# TYPE APIServiceOpenAPIAggregationControllerQueue1_adds counter
APIServiceOpenAPIAggregationControllerQueue1_adds 12194
# HELP APIServiceOpenAPIAggregationControllerQueue1_depth (Deprecated) Current depth of workqueue: APIServiceOpenAPIAggregationControllerQueue1
# TYPE APIServiceOpenAPIAggregationControllerQueue1_depth gauge
APIServiceOpenAPIAggregationControllerQueue1_depth 0
# HELP APIServiceOpenAPIAggregationControllerQueue1_longest_running_processor_microseconds (Deprecated) How many microseconds has the longest running processor for APIServiceOpenAPIAggregationControllerQueue1 been running.
# TYPE APIServiceOpenAPIAggregationControllerQueue1_longest_running_processor_microseconds gauge
APIServiceOpenAPIAggregationControllerQueue1_longest_running_processor_microseconds 0
# HELP APIServiceOpenAPIAggregationControllerQueue1_queue_latency (Deprecated) How long an item stays in workqueueAPIServiceOpenAPIAggregationControllerQueue1 before being requested.
直接使用kube-apiserver节点端口获取metrics
[root@k8s-master01 work]# curl -s --cacert /opt/k8s/work/ca.pem --cert /opt/k8s/work/admin.pem --key /opt/k8s/work/admin-key.pem https://172.16.60.241:6443/metrics|head
[root@k8s-master01 work]# curl -s --cacert /opt/k8s/work/ca.pem --cert /opt/k8s/work/admin.pem --key /opt/k8s/work/admin-key.pem https://172.16.60.242:6443/metrics|head
[root@k8s-master01 work]# curl -s --cacert /opt/k8s/work/ca.pem --cert /opt/k8s/work/admin.pem --key /opt/k8s/work/admin-key.pem https://172.16.60.243:6443/metrics|head
8.2 - 部署高可用 kube-controller-manager 集群
该集群包含 3 个节点，启动后将通过竞争选举机制产生一个 leader 节点，其它节点为阻塞状态。当 leader 节点不可用时，阻塞的节点将再次进行选举产生新的 leader 节点，从而保证服务的可用性。为保证通信安全，本文档先生成 x509 证书和私钥，kube-controller-manager 在如下两种情况下使用该证书：与 kube-apiserver 的安全端口通信; 在安全端口(https，10252) 输出 prometheus 格式的 metrics；下面部署命令均在k8s-master01节点上执行，然后远程分发文件和执行命令。
1）创建 kube-controller-manager 证书和私钥
创建证书签名请求：
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# cd /opt/k8s/work
[root@k8s-master01 work]# cat > kube-controller-manager-csr.json <<EOF
{
"CN": "system:kube-controller-manager",
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"hosts": [
"127.0.0.1",
"172.16.60.241",
"172.16.60.242",
"172.16.60.243"
],
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"ST": "BeiJing",
"L": "BeiJing",
"O": "system:kube-controller-manager",
"OU": "4Paradigm"
}
]
}
EOF
• hosts 列表包含所有 kube-controller-manager 节点 IP；
• CN 为 system:kube-controller-manager、O 为 system:kube-controller-manager，kubernetes 内置的 ClusterRoleBindings system:kube-controller-manager
赋予 kube-controller-manager 工作所需的权限。
生成证书和私钥
[root@k8s-master01 work]# cd /opt/k8s/work
[root@k8s-master01 work]# cfssl gencert -ca=/opt/k8s/work/ca.pem \
-ca-key=/opt/k8s/work/ca-key.pem \
-config=/opt/k8s/work/ca-config.json \
-profile=kubernetes kube-controller-manager-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-controller-manager
[root@k8s-master01 work]# ll kube-controller-manager*pem
-rw------- 1 root root 1679 Jun 18 11:43 kube-controller-manager-key.pem
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1517 Jun 18 11:43 kube-controller-manager.pem
将生成的证书和私钥分发到所有 master 节点：
[root@k8s-master01 work]# cd /opt/k8s/work
[root@k8s-master01 work]# source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
[root@k8s-master01 work]# for node_master_ip in ${NODE_MASTER_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_master_ip}"
scp kube-controller-manager*.pem root@${node_master_ip}:/etc/kubernetes/cert/
done
2) 创建和分发 kubeconfig 文件
kube-controller-manager 使用 kubeconfig 文件访问 apiserver，该文件提供了 apiserver 地址、嵌入的 CA 证书和 kube-controller-manager 证书：
[root@k8s-master01 work]# cd /opt/k8s/work
[root@k8s-master01 work]# source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
[root@k8s-master01 work]# kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
--certificate-authority=/opt/k8s/work/ca.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
--kubeconfig=kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig
[root@k8s-master01 work]# kubectl config set-credentials system:kube-controller-manager \
--client-certificate=kube-controller-manager.pem \
--client-key=kube-controller-manager-key.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--kubeconfig=kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig
[root@k8s-master01 work]# kubectl config set-context system:kube-controller-manager \
--cluster=kubernetes \
--user=system:kube-controller-manager \
--kubeconfig=kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig
[root@k8s-master01 work]# kubectl config use-context system:kube-controller-manager --kubeconfig=kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig
分发 kubeconfig 到所有 master 节点：
[root@k8s-master01 work]# cd /opt/k8s/work
[root@k8s-master01 work]# source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
[root@k8s-master01 work]# for node_master_ip in ${NODE_MASTER_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_master_ip}"
scp kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig root@${node_master_ip}:/etc/kubernetes/
done
3) 创建和分发kube-controller-manager system unit 文件
[root@k8s-master01 work]# cd /opt/k8s/work
[root@k8s-master01 work]# source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
[root@k8s-master01 work]# cat > kube-controller-manager.service.template <<EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Controller Manager
Documentation=https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes
[Service]
WorkingDirectory=${K8S_DIR}/kube-controller-manager
ExecStart=/opt/k8s/bin/kube-controller-manager \\
--profiling \\
--cluster-name=kubernetes \\
--controllers=*,bootstrapsigner,tokencleaner \\
--kube-api-qps=1000 \\
--kube-api-burst=2000 \\
--leader-elect \\
--use-service-account-credentials=true \\
--concurrent-service-syncs=2 \\
--bind-address=0.0.0.0 \\
--tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/cert/kube-controller-manager.pem \\
--tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/cert/kube-controller-manager-key.pem \\
--authentication-kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig \\
--client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem \\
--requestheader-allowed-names="" \\
--requestheader-client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem \\
--requestheader-extra-headers-prefix="X-Remote-Extra-" \\
--requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group \\
--requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User \\
--authorization-kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig \\
--cluster-signing-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem \\
--cluster-signing-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca-key.pem \\
--experimental-cluster-signing-duration=8760h \\
--horizontal-pod-autoscaler-sync-period=10s \\
--concurrent-deployment-syncs=10 \\
--concurrent-gc-syncs=30 \\
--node-cidr-mask-size=24 \\
--service-cluster-ip-range=${SERVICE_CIDR} \\
--pod-eviction-timeout=6m \\
--terminated-pod-gc-threshold=10000 \\
--root-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem \\
--service-account-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca-key.pem \\
--kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig \\
--logtostderr=true \\
--v=2
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
解释说明：
下面两行一般要去掉，否则执行"kubectl get cs"检查集群状态时，controller-manager状态会为"Unhealthy"
--port=0：关闭监听非安全端口（http），同时 --address 参数无效，--bind-address 参数有效；
--secure-port=10252
--bind-address=0.0.0.0: 在所有网络接口监听 10252 端口的 https /metrics 请求；
--kubeconfig：指定 kubeconfig 文件路径，kube-controller-manager 使用它连接和验证 kube-apiserver；
--authentication-kubeconfig 和 --authorization-kubeconfig：kube-controller-manager 使用它连接 apiserver，对 client 的请求进行认证和授权。kube-controller-manager 不再使用 --tls-ca-file 对请求 https metrics 的 Client 证书进行校验。如果没有配置这两个 kubeconfig 参数，则 client 连接 kube-controller-manager https 端口的请求会被拒绝(提示权限不足)。
--cluster-signing-*-file：签名 TLS Bootstrap 创建的证书；
--experimental-cluster-signing-duration：指定 TLS Bootstrap 证书的有效期；
--root-ca-file：放置到容器 ServiceAccount 中的 CA 证书，用来对 kube-apiserver 的证书进行校验；
--service-account-private-key-file：签名 ServiceAccount 中 Token 的私钥文件，必须和 kube-apiserver 的 --service-account-key-file 指定的公钥文件配对使用；
--service-cluster-ip-range ：指定 Service Cluster IP 网段，必须和 kube-apiserver 中的同名参数一致；
--leader-elect=true：集群运行模式，启用选举功能；被选为 leader 的节点负责处理工作，其它节点为阻塞状态；
--controllers=*,bootstrapsigner,tokencleaner：启用的控制器列表，tokencleaner 用于自动清理过期的 Bootstrap token；
--horizontal-pod-autoscaler-*：custom metrics 相关参数，支持 autoscaling/v2alpha1；
--tls-cert-file、--tls-private-key-file：使用 https 输出 metrics 时使用的 Server 证书和秘钥；
--use-service-account-credentials=true: kube-controller-manager 中各 controller 使用 serviceaccount 访问 kube-apiserver；
为各节点创建和分发 kube-controller-mananger systemd unit 文件
替换模板文件中的变量，为各节点创建 systemd unit 文件：
[root@k8s-master01 work]# cd /opt/k8s/work
[root@k8s-master01 work]# source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
[root@k8s-master01 work]# for (( i=0; i < 3; i++ ))
do
sed -e "s/##NODE_MASTER_NAME##/${NODE_MASTER_NAMES[i]}/" -e "s/##NODE_MASTER_IP##/${NODE_MASTER_IPS[i]}/" kube-controller-manager.service.template > kube-controller-manager-${NODE_MASTER_IPS[i]}.service
done
注意： NODE_NAMES 和 NODE_IPS 为相同长度的 bash 数组，分别为节点名称和对应的 IP；
[root@k8s-master01 work]# ll kube-controller-manager*.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1878 Jun 18 12:45 kube-controller-manager-172.16.60.241.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1878 Jun 18 12:45 kube-controller-manager-172.16.60.242.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1878 Jun 18 12:45 kube-controller-manager-172.16.60.243.service
分发到所有 master 节点：
[root@k8s-master01 work]# cd /opt/k8s/work
[root@k8s-master01 work]# source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
[root@k8s-master01 work]# for node_master_ip in ${NODE_MASTER_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_master_ip}"
scp kube-controller-manager-${node_master_ip}.service root@${node_master_ip}:/etc/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service
done
注意：文件重命名为 kube-controller-manager.service;
启动 kube-controller-manager 服务
[root@k8s-master01 work]# source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
[root@k8s-master01 work]# for node_master_ip in ${NODE_MASTER_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_master_ip}"
ssh root@${node_master_ip} "mkdir -p ${K8S_DIR}/kube-controller-manager"
ssh root@${node_master_ip} "systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl enable kube-controller-manager && systemctl restart kube-controller-manager"
done
注意：启动服务前必须先创建工作目录；
检查服务运行状态
[root@k8s-master01 work]# source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
[root@k8s-master01 work]# for node_master_ip in ${NODE_MASTER_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_master_ip}"
ssh root@${node_master_ip} "systemctl status kube-controller-manager|grep Active"
done
预期输出结果：
>>> 172.16.60.241
Active: active (running) since Tue 2019-06-18 12:49:11 CST; 1min 7s ago
>>> 172.16.60.242
Active: active (running) since Tue 2019-06-18 12:49:11 CST; 1min 7s ago
>>> 172.16.60.243
Active: active (running) since Tue 2019-06-18 12:49:12 CST; 1min 7s ago
确保状态为 active (running)，否则查看日志，确认原因（journalctl -u kube-controller-manager）
kube-controller-manager 监听 10252 端口，接收 https 请求：
[root@k8s-master01 work]# netstat -lnpt|grep kube-controll
tcp 0 0 172.16.60.241:10252 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 25709/kube-controll
检查集群状态，controller-manager的状态为"ok"
注意：当kube-controller-manager集群中的1个或2个节点的controller-manager服务挂掉，只要有一个节点的controller-manager服务活着，
则集群中controller-manager的状态仍然为"ok",仍然会继续提供服务！
[root@k8s-master01 work]# kubectl get cs
NAME STATUS MESSAGE ERROR
scheduler Unhealthy Get http://127.0.0.1:10251/healthz: dial tcp 127.0.0.1:10251: connect: connection refused
controller-manager Healthy ok
etcd-0 Healthy {"health":"true"}
etcd-1 Healthy {"health":"true"}
etcd-2 Healthy {"health":"true"}
4) 查看输出的 metrics
注意：以下命令在3台kube-controller-manager节点上执行。
由于在kube-controller-manager启动文件中关掉了"--port=0"和"--secure-port=10252"这两个参数，则只能通过http方式获取到kube-controller-manager
输出的metrics信息。kube-controller-manager一般不会被访问，只有在监控时采集metrcis指标数据时被访问。
[root@k8s-master01 work]# curl -s http://172.16.60.241:10252/metrics|head
# HELP apiserver_audit_event_total Counter of audit events generated and sent to the audit backend.
# TYPE apiserver_audit_event_total counter
apiserver_audit_event_total 0
# HELP apiserver_audit_requests_rejected_total Counter of apiserver requests rejected due to an error in audit logging backend.
# TYPE apiserver_audit_requests_rejected_total counter
apiserver_audit_requests_rejected_total 0
# HELP apiserver_client_certificate_expiration_seconds Distribution of the remaining lifetime on the certificate used to authenticate a request.
# TYPE apiserver_client_certificate_expiration_seconds histogram
apiserver_client_certificate_expiration_seconds_bucket{le="0"} 0
apiserver_client_certificate_expiration_seconds_bucket{le="1800"} 0
[root@k8s-master01 work]# curl -s --cacert /etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem http://172.16.60.241:10252/metrics |head
# HELP apiserver_audit_event_total Counter of audit events generated and sent to the audit backend.
# TYPE apiserver_audit_event_total counter
apiserver_audit_event_total 0
# HELP apiserver_audit_requests_rejected_total Counter of apiserver requests rejected due to an error in audit logging backend.
# TYPE apiserver_audit_requests_rejected_total counter
apiserver_audit_requests_rejected_total 0
# HELP apiserver_client_certificate_expiration_seconds Distribution of the remaining lifetime on the certificate used to authenticate a request.
# TYPE apiserver_client_certificate_expiration_seconds histogram
apiserver_client_certificate_expiration_seconds_bucket{le="0"} 0
apiserver_client_certificate_expiration_seconds_bucket{le="1800"} 0
[root@k8s-master01 work]# curl -s --cacert /etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem http://127.0.0.1:10252/metrics |head
# HELP apiserver_audit_event_total Counter of audit events generated and sent to the audit backend.
# TYPE apiserver_audit_event_total counter
apiserver_audit_event_total 0
# HELP apiserver_audit_requests_rejected_total Counter of apiserver requests rejected due to an error in audit logging backend.
# TYPE apiserver_audit_requests_rejected_total counter
apiserver_audit_requests_rejected_total 0
# HELP apiserver_client_certificate_expiration_seconds Distribution of the remaining lifetime on the certificate used to authenticate a request.
# TYPE apiserver_client_certificate_expiration_seconds histogram
apiserver_client_certificate_expiration_seconds_bucket{le="0"} 0
apiserver_client_certificate_expiration_seconds_bucket{le="1800"} 0
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# curl -s --cacert /opt/k8s/work/ca.pem --cert /opt/k8s/work/admin.pem --key /opt/k8s/work/admin-key.pem http://172.16.60.241:10252/metrics |head
# HELP apiserver_audit_event_total Counter of audit events generated and sent to the audit backend.
# TYPE apiserver_audit_event_total counter
apiserver_audit_event_total 0
# HELP apiserver_audit_requests_rejected_total Counter of apiserver requests rejected due to an error in audit logging backend.
# TYPE apiserver_audit_requests_rejected_total counter
apiserver_audit_requests_rejected_total 0
# HELP apiserver_client_certificate_expiration_seconds Distribution of the remaining lifetime on the certificate used to authenticate a request.
# TYPE apiserver_client_certificate_expiration_seconds histogram
apiserver_client_certificate_expiration_seconds_bucket{le="0"} 0
apiserver_client_certificate_expiration_seconds_bucket{le="1800"} 0
5) kube-controller-manager 的权限
ClusteRole system:kube-controller-manager 的权限很小，只能创建 secret、serviceaccount 等资源对象，各 controller 的权限分散到 ClusterRole system:controller:XXX 中：
[root@k8s-master01 work]# kubectl describe clusterrole system:kube-controller-manager
Name: system:kube-controller-manager
Labels: kubernetes.io/bootstrapping=rbac-defaults
Annotations: rbac.authorization.kubernetes.io/autoupdate: true
PolicyRule:
Resources Non-Resource URLs Resource Names Verbs
--------- ----------------- -------------- -----
secrets [] [] [create delete get update]
endpoints [] [] [create get update]
serviceaccounts [] [] [create get update]
events [] [] [create patch update]
tokenreviews.authentication.k8s.io [] [] [create]
subjectaccessreviews.authorization.k8s.io [] [] [create]
configmaps [] [] [get]
namespaces [] [] [get]
*.* [] [] [list watch]
需要在 kube-controller-manager 的启动参数中添加 --use-service-account-credentials=true 参数，这样 main controller 会为各 controller 创建对应的 ServiceAccount XXX-controller。
内置的 ClusterRoleBinding system:controller:XXX 将赋予各 XXX-controller ServiceAccount 对应的 ClusterRole system:controller:XXX 权限。
[root@k8s-master01 work]# kubectl get clusterrole|grep controller
system:controller:attachdetach-controller 141m
system:controller:certificate-controller 141m
system:controller:clusterrole-aggregation-controller 141m
system:controller:cronjob-controller 141m
system:controller:daemon-set-controller 141m
system:controller:deployment-controller 141m
system:controller:disruption-controller 141m
system:controller:endpoint-controller 141m
system:controller:expand-controller 141m
system:controller:generic-garbage-collector 141m
system:controller:horizontal-pod-autoscaler 141m
system:controller:job-controller 141m
system:controller:namespace-controller 141m
system:controller:node-controller 141m
system:controller:persistent-volume-binder 141m
system:controller:pod-garbage-collector 141m
system:controller:pv-protection-controller 141m
system:controller:pvc-protection-controller 141m
system:controller:replicaset-controller 141m
system:controller:replication-controller 141m
system:controller:resourcequota-controller 141m
system:controller:route-controller 141m
system:controller:service-account-controller 141m
system:controller:service-controller 141m
system:controller:statefulset-controller 141m
system:controller:ttl-controller 141m
system:kube-controller-manager 141m
以 deployment controller 为例：
[root@k8s-master01 work]# kubectl describe clusterrole system:controller:deployment-controller
Name: system:controller:deployment-controller
Labels: kubernetes.io/bootstrapping=rbac-defaults
Annotations: rbac.authorization.kubernetes.io/autoupdate: true
PolicyRule:
Resources Non-Resource URLs Resource Names Verbs
--------- ----------------- -------------- -----
replicasets.apps [] [] [create delete get list patch update watch]
replicasets.extensions [] [] [create delete get list patch update watch]
events [] [] [create patch update]
pods [] [] [get list update watch]
deployments.apps [] [] [get list update watch]
deployments.extensions [] [] [get list update watch]
deployments.apps/finalizers [] [] [update]
deployments.apps/status [] [] [update]
deployments.extensions/finalizers [] [] [update]
deployments.extensions/status [] [] [update]
6）查看kube-controller-manager集群中当前的leader
[root@k8s-master01 work]# kubectl get endpoints kube-controller-manager --namespace=kube-system -o yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Endpoints
metadata:
annotations:
control-plane.alpha.kubernetes.io/leader: '{"holderIdentity":"k8s-master02_4e449819-9185-11e9-82b6-005056ac42a4","leaseDurationSeconds":15,"acquireTime":"2019-06-18T04:55:49Z","renewTime":"2019-06-18T05:04:54Z","leaderTransitions":3}'
creationTimestamp: "2019-06-18T04:03:07Z"
name: kube-controller-manager
namespace: kube-system
resourceVersion: "4604"
selfLink: /api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/endpoints/kube-controller-manager
uid: fa824018-917d-11e9-90d4-005056ac7c81
可见，当前的leader为k8s-master02节点。
测试 kube-controller-manager 集群的高可用
停掉一个或两个节点的 kube-controller-manager 服务，观察其它节点的日志，看是否获取了 leader 权限。
比如停掉k8s-master02节点的kube-controller-manager 服务
[root@k8s-master02 ~]# systemctl stop kube-controller-manager
[root@k8s-master02 ~]# ps -ef|grep kube-controller-manager
root 25677 11006 0 13:06 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto kube-controller-manager
接着观察kube-controller-manager集群当前的leader情况
[root@k8s-master01 work]# kubectl get endpoints kube-controller-manager --namespace=kube-system -o yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Endpoints
metadata:
annotations:
control-plane.alpha.kubernetes.io/leader: '{"holderIdentity":"k8s-master03_4e4c28b5-9185-11e9-b98a-005056ac7136","leaseDurationSeconds":15,"acquireTime":"2019-06-18T05:06:32Z","renewTime":"2019-06-18T05:06:57Z","leaderTransitions":4}'
creationTimestamp: "2019-06-18T04:03:07Z"
name: kube-controller-manager
namespace: kube-system
resourceVersion: "4695"
selfLink: /api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/endpoints/kube-controller-manager
uid: fa824018-917d-11e9-90d4-005056ac7c81
发现当前leader已经转移到k8s-master03节点上了！！
8.3 - 部署高可用 kube-scheduler 集群
该集群包含 3 个节点，启动后将通过竞争选举机制产生一个 leader 节点，其它节点为阻塞状态。当 leader 节点不可用后，剩余节点将再次进行选举产生新的 leader 节点，从而保证服务的可用性。为保证通信安全，本文档先生成 x509 证书和私钥，
kube-scheduler 在如下两种情况下使用该证书：
与kube-apiserver 的安全端口通信;在安全端口(https，10251) 输出 prometheus 格式的 metrics；
下面部署命令均在k8s-master01节点上执行，然后远程分发文件和执行命令。
1）创建 kube-scheduler 证书和私钥
创建证书签名请求：
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# cd /opt/k8s/work
[root@k8s-master01 work]# cat > kube-scheduler-csr.json <<EOF
{
"CN": "system:kube-scheduler",
"hosts": [
"127.0.0.1",
"172.16.60.241",
"172.16.60.242",
"172.16.60.243"
],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"ST": "BeiJing",
"L": "BeiJing",
"O": "system:kube-scheduler",
"OU": "4Paradigm"
}
]
}
EOF
解释说明：
hosts 列表包含所有 kube-scheduler 节点 IP；
CN 和 O 均为 system:kube-scheduler，kubernetes 内置的 ClusterRoleBindings system:kube-scheduler 将赋予 kube-scheduler 工作所需的权限；
生成证书和私钥：
[root@k8s-master01 work]# cd /opt/k8s/work
[root@k8s-master01 work]# cfssl gencert -ca=/opt/k8s/work/ca.pem \
-ca-key=/opt/k8s/work/ca-key.pem \
-config=/opt/k8s/work/ca-config.json \
-profile=kubernetes kube-scheduler-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-scheduler
[root@k8s-master01 work]# ls kube-scheduler*pem
kube-scheduler-key.pem kube-scheduler.pem
将生成的证书和私钥分发到所有 master 节点：
[root@k8s-master01 work]# cd /opt/k8s/work
[root@k8s-master01 work]# source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
[root@k8s-master01 work]# for node_master_ip in ${NODE_MASTER_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_master_ip}"
scp kube-scheduler*.pem root@${node_master_ip}:/etc/kubernetes/cert/
done
2) 创建和分发 kubeconfig 文件
kube-scheduler 使用 kubeconfig 文件访问 apiserver，该文件提供了 apiserver 地址、嵌入的 CA 证书和 kube-scheduler 证书：
[root@k8s-master01 work]# cd /opt/k8s/work
[root@k8s-master01 work]# source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
[root@k8s-master01 work]# kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
--certificate-authority=/opt/k8s/work/ca.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
--kubeconfig=kube-scheduler.kubeconfig
[root@k8s-master01 work]# kubectl config set-credentials system:kube-scheduler \
--client-certificate=kube-scheduler.pem \
--client-key=kube-scheduler-key.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--kubeconfig=kube-scheduler.kubeconfig
[root@k8s-master01 work]# kubectl config set-context system:kube-scheduler \
--cluster=kubernetes \
--user=system:kube-scheduler \
--kubeconfig=kube-scheduler.kubeconfig
[root@k8s-master01 work]# kubectl config use-context system:kube-scheduler --kubeconfig=kube-scheduler.kubeconfig
分发 kubeconfig 到所有 master 节点：
[root@k8s-master01 work]# cd /opt/k8s/work
[root@k8s-master01 work]# source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
[root@k8s-master01 work]# for node_master_ip in ${NODE_MASTER_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_master_ip}"
scp kube-scheduler.kubeconfig root@${node_master_ip}:/etc/kubernetes/
done
3) 创建 kube-scheduler 配置文件
[root@k8s-master01 work]# cd /opt/k8s/work
[root@k8s-master01 work]# cat >kube-scheduler.yaml.template <<EOF
apiVersion: kubescheduler.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1
kind: KubeSchedulerConfiguration
bindTimeoutSeconds: 600
clientConnection:
burst: 200
kubeconfig: "/etc/kubernetes/kube-scheduler.kubeconfig"
qps: 100
enableContentionProfiling: false
enableProfiling: true
hardPodAffinitySymmetricWeight: 1
healthzBindAddress: 0.0.0.0:10251
leaderElection:
leaderElect: true
metricsBindAddress: 0.0.0.0:10251
EOF
注意：这里的ip地址最好用0.0.0.0，不然执行"kubectl get cs"查看schedule的集群状态会是"Unhealthy"
--kubeconfig：指定 kubeconfig 文件路径，kube-scheduler 使用它连接和验证 kube-apiserver；
--leader-elect=true：集群运行模式，启用选举功能；被选为 leader 的节点负责处理工作，其它节点为阻塞状态；
替换模板文件中的变量：
[root@k8s-master01 work]# cd /opt/k8s/work
[root@k8s-master01 work]# source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
[root@k8s-master01 work]# for (( i=0; i < 3; i++ ))
do
sed -e "s/##NODE_MASTER_NAME##/${NODE_MASTER_NAMES[i]}/" -e "s/##NODE_MASTER_IP##/${NODE_MASTER_IPS[i]}/" kube-scheduler.yaml.template > kube-scheduler-${NODE_MASTER_IPS[i]}.yaml
done
注意：NODE_NAMES 和 NODE_IPS 为相同长度的 bash 数组，分别为节点名称和对应的 IP；
[root@k8s-master01 work]# ll kube-scheduler*.yaml
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 399 Jun 18 14:57 kube-scheduler-172.16.60.241.yaml
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 399 Jun 18 14:57 kube-scheduler-172.16.60.242.yaml
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 399 Jun 18 14:57 kube-scheduler-172.16.60.243.yaml
分发 kube-scheduler 配置文件到所有 master 节点：
[root@k8s-master01 work]# cd /opt/k8s/work
[root@k8s-master01 work]# source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
[root@k8s-master01 work]# for node_master_ip in ${NODE_MASTER_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_master_ip}"
scp kube-scheduler-${node_master_ip}.yaml root@${node_master_ip}:/etc/kubernetes/kube-scheduler.yaml
done
注意：重命名为 kube-scheduler.yaml;
4）创建 kube-scheduler systemd unit 模板文件
[root@k8s-master01 work]# cd /opt/k8s/work
[root@k8s-master01 work]# cat > kube-scheduler.service.template <<EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Scheduler
Documentation=https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes
[Service]
WorkingDirectory=${K8S_DIR}/kube-scheduler
ExecStart=/opt/k8s/bin/kube-scheduler \\
--config=/etc/kubernetes/kube-scheduler.yaml \\
--bind-address=0.0.0.0 \\
--tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/cert/kube-scheduler.pem \\
--tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/cert/kube-scheduler-key.pem \\
--authentication-kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kube-scheduler.kubeconfig \\
--client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem \\
--requestheader-allowed-names="" \\
--requestheader-client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem \\
--requestheader-extra-headers-prefix="X-Remote-Extra-" \\
--requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group \\
--requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User \\
--authorization-kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kube-scheduler.kubeconfig \\
--logtostderr=true \\
--v=2
Restart=always
RestartSec=5
StartLimitInterval=0
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
为各节点创建和分发 kube-scheduler systemd unit 文件
替换模板文件中的变量，为各节点创建 systemd unit 文件：
[root@k8s-master01 work]# cd /opt/k8s/work
[root@k8s-master01 work]# source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
[root@k8s-master01 work]# for (( i=0; i < 3; i++ ))
do
sed -e "s/##NODE_MASTER_NAME##/${NODE_MASTER_NAMES[i]}/" -e "s/##NODE_MASTER_IP##/${NODE_MASTER_IPS[i]}/" kube-scheduler.service.template > kube-scheduler-${NODE_MASTER_IPS[i]}.service
done
其中：NODE_NAMES 和 NODE_IPS 为相同长度的 bash 数组，分别为节点名称和对应的 IP；
[root@k8s-master01 work]# ll kube-scheduler*.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 981 Jun 18 15:30 kube-scheduler-172.16.60.241.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 981 Jun 18 15:30 kube-scheduler-172.16.60.242.service
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 981 Jun 18 15:30 kube-scheduler-172.16.60.243.service
分发 systemd unit 文件到所有 master 节点：
[root@k8s-master01 work]# cd /opt/k8s/work
[root@k8s-master01 work]# source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
[root@k8s-master01 work]# for node_master_ip in ${NODE_MASTER_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_master_ip}"
scp kube-scheduler-${node_master_ip}.service root@${node_master_ip}:/etc/systemd/system/kube-scheduler.service
done
5) 启动 kube-scheduler 服务
[root@k8s-master01 work]# source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
[root@k8s-master01 work]# for node_master_ip in ${NODE_MASTER_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_master_ip}"
ssh root@${node_master_ip} "mkdir -p ${K8S_DIR}/kube-scheduler"
ssh root@${node_master_ip} "systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl enable kube-scheduler && systemctl restart kube-scheduler"
done
注意：启动服务前必须先创建工作目录；
检查服务运行状态
[root@k8s-master01 work]# source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
[root@k8s-master01 work]# for node_master_ip in ${NODE_MASTER_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_master_ip}"
ssh root@${node_master_ip} "systemctl status kube-scheduler|grep Active"
done
预期输出结果:
>>> 172.16.60.241
Active: active (running) since Tue 2019-06-18 15:33:29 CST; 1min 12s ago
>>> 172.16.60.242
Active: active (running) since Tue 2019-06-18 15:33:30 CST; 1min 11s ago
>>> 172.16.60.243
Active: active (running) since Tue 2019-06-18 15:33:30 CST; 1min 11s ago
确保状态为 active (running)，否则查看日志，确认原因: (journalctl -u kube-scheduler)
看看集群状态，此时状态均为"ok"
[root@k8s-master01 work]# kubectl get cs
NAME STATUS MESSAGE ERROR
scheduler Healthy ok
controller-manager Healthy ok
etcd-2 Healthy {"health":"true"}
etcd-0 Healthy {"health":"true"}
etcd-1 Healthy {"health":"true"}
6) 查看输出的 metrics
注意：以下命令要在kube-scheduler集群节点上执行。
kube-scheduler监听10251和10259端口：
10251：接收 http 请求，非安全端口，不需要认证授权；
10259：接收 https 请求，安全端口，需要认证授权；
两个接口都对外提供 /metrics 和 /healthz 的访问。
[root@k8s-master01 work]# netstat -lnpt |grep kube-schedule
tcp6 0 0 :::10251 :::* LISTEN 6075/kube-scheduler
tcp6 0 0 :::10259 :::* LISTEN 6075/kube-scheduler
[root@k8s-master01 work]# lsof -i:10251
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
kube-sche 6075 root 3u IPv6 628571 0t0 TCP *:10251 (LISTEN)
[root@k8s-master01 work]# lsof -i:10259
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
kube-sche 6075 root 5u IPv6 628574 0t0 TCP *:10259 (LISTEN)
下面几种方式均能获取到kube-schedule的metrics数据信息（分别使用http的10251 和 https的10259端口）
[root@k8s-master01 work]# curl -s http://172.16.60.241:10251/metrics |head
# HELP apiserver_audit_event_total Counter of audit events generated and sent to the audit backend.
# TYPE apiserver_audit_event_total counter
apiserver_audit_event_total 0
# HELP apiserver_audit_requests_rejected_total Counter of apiserver requests rejected due to an error in audit logging backend.
# TYPE apiserver_audit_requests_rejected_total counter
apiserver_audit_requests_rejected_total 0
# HELP apiserver_client_certificate_expiration_seconds Distribution of the remaining lifetime on the certificate used to authenticate a request.
# TYPE apiserver_client_certificate_expiration_seconds histogram
apiserver_client_certificate_expiration_seconds_bucket{le="0"} 0
apiserver_client_certificate_expiration_seconds_bucket{le="1800"} 0
[root@k8s-master01 work]# curl -s http://127.0.0.1:10251/metrics |head
# HELP apiserver_audit_event_total Counter of audit events generated and sent to the audit backend.
# TYPE apiserver_audit_event_total counter
apiserver_audit_event_total 0
# HELP apiserver_audit_requests_rejected_total Counter of apiserver requests rejected due to an error in audit logging backend.
# TYPE apiserver_audit_requests_rejected_total counter
apiserver_audit_requests_rejected_total 0
# HELP apiserver_client_certificate_expiration_seconds Distribution of the remaining lifetime on the certificate used to authenticate a request.
# TYPE apiserver_client_certificate_expiration_seconds histogram
apiserver_client_certificate_expiration_seconds_bucket{le="0"} 0
apiserver_client_certificate_expiration_seconds_bucket{le="1800"} 0
[root@k8s-master01 work]# curl -s --cacert /etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem http://172.16.60.241:10251/metrics |head
# HELP apiserver_audit_event_total Counter of audit events generated and sent to the audit backend.
# TYPE apiserver_audit_event_total counter
apiserver_audit_event_total 0
# HELP apiserver_audit_requests_rejected_total Counter of apiserver requests rejected due to an error in audit logging backend.
# TYPE apiserver_audit_requests_rejected_total counter
apiserver_audit_requests_rejected_total 0
# HELP apiserver_client_certificate_expiration_seconds Distribution of the remaining lifetime on the certificate used to authenticate a request.
# TYPE apiserver_client_certificate_expiration_seconds histogram
apiserver_client_certificate_expiration_seconds_bucket{le="0"} 0
apiserver_client_certificate_expiration_seconds_bucket{le="1800"} 0
[root@k8s-master01 work]# curl -s --cacert /etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem http://127.0.0.1:10251/metrics |head
# HELP apiserver_audit_event_total Counter of audit events generated and sent to the audit backend.
# TYPE apiserver_audit_event_total counter
apiserver_audit_event_total 0
# HELP apiserver_audit_requests_rejected_total Counter of apiserver requests rejected due to an error in audit logging backend.
# TYPE apiserver_audit_requests_rejected_total counter
apiserver_audit_requests_rejected_total 0
# HELP apiserver_client_certificate_expiration_seconds Distribution of the remaining lifetime on the certificate used to authenticate a request.
# TYPE apiserver_client_certificate_expiration_seconds histogram
apiserver_client_certificate_expiration_seconds_bucket{le="0"} 0
apiserver_client_certificate_expiration_seconds_bucket{le="1800"} 0
[root@k8s-master01 work]# curl -s --cacert /opt/k8s/work/ca.pem --cert /opt/k8s/work/admin.pem --key /opt/k8s/work/admin-key.pem https://172.16.60.241:10259/metrics |head
# HELP apiserver_audit_event_total Counter of audit events generated and sent to the audit backend.
# TYPE apiserver_audit_event_total counter
apiserver_audit_event_total 0
# HELP apiserver_audit_requests_rejected_total Counter of apiserver requests rejected due to an error in audit logging backend.
# TYPE apiserver_audit_requests_rejected_total counter
apiserver_audit_requests_rejected_total 0
# HELP apiserver_client_certificate_expiration_seconds Distribution of the remaining lifetime on the certificate used to authenticate a request.
# TYPE apiserver_client_certificate_expiration_seconds histogram
apiserver_client_certificate_expiration_seconds_bucket{le="0"} 0
apiserver_client_certificate_expiration_seconds_bucket{le="1800"} 0
7）查看当前的 leader
[root@k8s-master01 work]# kubectl get endpoints kube-scheduler --namespace=kube-system -o yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Endpoints
metadata:
annotations:
control-plane.alpha.kubernetes.io/leader: '{"holderIdentity":"k8s-master01_5eac29d7-919b-11e9-b242-005056ac7c81","leaseDurationSeconds":15,"acquireTime":"2019-06-18T07:33:31Z","renewTime":"2019-06-18T07:41:13Z","leaderTransitions":0}'
creationTimestamp: "2019-06-18T07:33:31Z"
name: kube-scheduler
namespace: kube-system
resourceVersion: "12218"
selfLink: /api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/endpoints/kube-scheduler
uid: 5f466875-919b-11e9-90d4-005056ac7c81
可见，当前的 leader 为 k8s-master01 节点。
测试 kube-scheduler 集群的高可用
随便找一个或两个 master 节点，停掉 kube-scheduler 服务，看其它节点是否获取了 leader 权限。
比如停掉k8s-master01节点的kube-schedule服务，查看下leader的转移情况
[root@k8s-master01 work]# systemctl stop kube-scheduler
[root@k8s-master01 work]# ps -ef|grep kube-scheduler
root 6871 2379 0 15:42 pts/2 00:00:00 grep --color=auto kube-scheduler
再次看看当前的leader，发现leader已经转移为k8s-master02节点了
[root@k8s-master01 work]# kubectl get endpoints kube-scheduler --namespace=kube-system -o yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Endpoints
metadata:
annotations:
control-plane.alpha.kubernetes.io/leader: '{"holderIdentity":"k8s-master02_5efade79-919b-11e9-bbe2-005056ac42a4","leaseDurationSeconds":15,"acquireTime":"2019-06-18T07:43:03Z","renewTime":"2019-06-18T07:43:12Z","leaderTransitions":1}'
creationTimestamp: "2019-06-18T07:33:31Z"
name: kube-scheduler
namespace: kube-system
resourceVersion: "12363"
selfLink: /api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/endpoints/kube-scheduler
uid: 5f466875-919b-11e9-90d4-005056ac7c81
九、部署node工作节点
kubernetes node节点运行的组件有docker、kubelet、kube-proxy、flanneld。
下面部署命令均在k8s-master01节点上执行，然后远程分发文件和执行命令。
安装依赖包
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# for node_node_ip in ${NODE_NODE_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_node_ip}"
ssh root@${node_node_ip} "yum install -y epel-release"
ssh root@${node_node_ip} "yum install -y conntrack ipvsadm ntp ntpdate ipset jq iptables curl sysstat libseccomp && modprobe ip_vs "
done
9.1 - 部署 docker 组件
docker 运行和管理容器，kubelet 通过 Container Runtime Interface (CRI) 与它进行交互。
下面操作均在k8s-master01上执行，然后远程分发文件和执行命令。
1) 下载和分发 docker 二进制文件
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# cd /opt/k8s/work
[root@k8s-master01 work]# wget https://download.docker.com/linux/static/stable/x86_64/docker-18.09.6.tgz
[root@k8s-master01 work]# tar -xvf docker-18.09.6.tgz
分发二进制文件到所有node节点：
[root@k8s-master01 work]# cd /opt/k8s/work
[root@k8s-master01 work]# source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
[root@k8s-master01 work]# for node_node_ip in ${NODE_NODE_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_node_ip}"
scp docker/* root@${node_node_ip}:/opt/k8s/bin/
ssh root@${node_node_ip} "chmod +x /opt/k8s/bin/*"
done
2) 创建和分发 systemd unit 文件
[root@k8s-master01 work]# cd /opt/k8s/work
[root@k8s-master01 work]# cat > docker.service <<"EOF"
[Unit]
Description=Docker Application Container Engine
Documentation=http://docs.docker.io
[Service]
WorkingDirectory=##DOCKER_DIR##
Environment="PATH=/opt/k8s/bin:/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin"
EnvironmentFile=-/run/flannel/docker
ExecStart=/opt/k8s/bin/dockerd $DOCKER_NETWORK_OPTIONS
ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5
LimitNOFILE=infinity
LimitNPROC=infinity
LimitCORE=infinity
Delegate=yes
KillMode=process
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
注意事项：
-> EOF 前后有双引号，这样 bash 不会替换文档中的变量，如 $DOCKER_NETWORK_OPTIONS (这些环境变量是 systemd 负责替换的。)；
-> dockerd 运行时会调用其它 docker 命令，如 docker-proxy，所以需要将 docker 命令所在的目录加到 PATH 环境变量中；
-> flanneld 启动时将网络配置写入 /run/flannel/docker 文件中，dockerd 启动前读取该文件中的环境变量 DOCKER_NETWORK_OPTIONS ，然后设置 docker0 网桥网段；
-> 如果指定了多个 EnvironmentFile 选项，则必须将 /run/flannel/docker 放在最后(确保 docker0 使用 flanneld 生成的 bip 参数)；
-> docker 需要以 root 用于运行；
-> docker 从 1.13 版本开始，可能将 iptables FORWARD chain的默认策略设置为DROP，从而导致 ping 其它 Node 上的 Pod IP 失败，遇到这种情况时，需要手动设置策略为 ACCEPT：
# iptables -P FORWARD ACCEPT
并且把以下命令写入 /etc/rc.local 文件中，防止节点重启iptables FORWARD chain的默认策略又还原为DROP
# /sbin/iptables -P FORWARD ACCEPT
分发 systemd unit 文件到所有node节点机器:
[root@k8s-master01 work]# cd /opt/k8s/work
[root@k8s-master01 work]# source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
[root@k8s-master01 work]# sed -i -e "s|##DOCKER_DIR##|${DOCKER_DIR}|" docker.service
[root@k8s-master01 work]# for node_node_ip in ${NODE_NODE_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_node_ip}"
scp docker.service root@${node_node_ip}:/etc/systemd/system/
done
3) 配置和分发 docker 配置文件
使用国内的仓库镜像服务器以加快 pull image 的速度，同时增加下载的并发数 (需要重启 dockerd 生效)：
[root@k8s-master01 work]# cd /opt/k8s/work
[root@k8s-master01 work]# source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
[root@k8s-master01 work]# cat > docker-daemon.json <<EOF
{
"registry-mirrors": ["https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn","https://hub-mirror.c.163.com"],
"insecure-registries": ["docker02:35000"],
"max-concurrent-downloads": 20,
"live-restore": true,
"max-concurrent-uploads": 10,
"debug": true,
"data-root": "${DOCKER_DIR}/data",
"exec-root": "${DOCKER_DIR}/exec",
"log-opts": {
"max-size": "100m",
"max-file": "5"
}
}
EOF
分发 docker 配置文件到所有 node 节点：
[root@k8s-master01 work]# cd /opt/k8s/work
[root@k8s-master01 work]# source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
[root@k8s-master01 work]# for node_node_ip in ${NODE_NODE_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_node_ip}"
ssh root@${node_node_ip} "mkdir -p /etc/docker/ ${DOCKER_DIR}/{data,exec}"
scp docker-daemon.json root@${node_node_ip}:/etc/docker/daemon.json
done
4) 启动 docker 服务
[root@k8s-master01 work]# source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
[root@k8s-master01 work]# for node_node_ip in ${NODE_NODE_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_node_ip}"
ssh root@${node_node_ip} "systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl enable docker && systemctl restart docker"
done
检查服务运行状态
[root@k8s-master01 work]# source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
[root@k8s-master01 work]# for node_node_ip in ${NODE_NODE_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_node_ip}"
ssh root@${node_node_ip} "systemctl status docker|grep Active"
done
预期输出结果：
>>> 172.16.60.244
Active: active (running) since Tue 2019-06-18 16:28:32 CST; 42s ago
>>> 172.16.60.245
Active: active (running) since Tue 2019-06-18 16:28:31 CST; 42s ago
>>> 172.16.60.246
Active: active (running) since Tue 2019-06-18 16:28:32 CST; 42s ago
确保状态为 active (running)，否则查看日志，确认原因 (journalctl -u docker)
5) 检查 docker0 网桥
[root@k8s-master01 work]# source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
[root@k8s-master01 work]# for node_node_ip in ${NODE_NODE_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_node_ip}"
ssh root@${node_node_ip} "/usr/sbin/ip addr show flannel.1 && /usr/sbin/ip addr show docker0"
done
预期输出结果：
>>> 172.16.60.244
3: flannel.1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1450 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default
link/ether c6:c2:d1:5a:9a:8a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 172.30.88.0/32 scope global flannel.1
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: docker0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default
link/ether 02:42:27:3c:5e:5f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 172.30.88.1/21 brd 172.30.95.255 scope global docker0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
>>> 172.16.60.245
3: flannel.1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1450 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default
link/ether 02:36:1d:ab:c4:86 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 172.30.56.0/32 scope global flannel.1
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: docker0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default
link/ether 02:42:6f:36:7d:fb brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 172.30.56.1/21 brd 172.30.63.255 scope global docker0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
>>> 172.16.60.246
3: flannel.1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1450 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default
link/ether 4e:73:d1:0e:27:c0 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 172.30.72.0/32 scope global flannel.1
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: docker0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default
link/ether 02:42:21:39:f4:9e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 172.30.72.1/21 brd 172.30.79.255 scope global docker0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
确认各node节点的docker0网桥和flannel.1接口的IP一定要处于同一个网段中(如下 172.30.88.0/32 位于 172.30.88.1/21 中)！！！
到任意一个node节点上查看 docker 的状态信息
[root@k8s-node01 ~]# ps -elfH|grep docker
0 S root 21573 18744 0 80 0 - 28180 pipe_w 16:32 pts/2 00:00:00 grep --color=auto docker
4 S root 21147 1 0 80 0 - 173769 futex_ 16:28 ? 00:00:00 /opt/k8s/bin/dockerd --bip=172.30.88.1/21 --ip-masq=false --mtu=1450
4 S root 21175 21147 0 80 0 - 120415 futex_ 16:28 ? 00:00:00 containerd --config /data/k8s/docker/exec/containerd/containerd.toml --log-level debug
[root@k8s-node01 ~]# docker info
Containers: 0
Running: 0
Paused: 0
Stopped: 0
Images: 0
Server Version: 18.09.6
Storage Driver: overlay2
Backing Filesystem: xfs
Supports d_type: true
Native Overlay Diff: true
Logging Driver: json-file
Cgroup Driver: cgroupfs
Plugins:
Volume: local
Network: bridge host macvlan null overlay
Log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file local logentries splunk syslog
Swarm: inactive
Runtimes: runc
Default Runtime: runc
Init Binary: docker-init
containerd version: bb71b10fd8f58240ca47fbb579b9d1028eea7c84
runc version: 2b18fe1d885ee5083ef9f0838fee39b62d653e30
init version: fec3683
Security Options:
seccomp
Profile: default
Kernel Version: 4.4.181-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64
Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)
OSType: linux
Architecture: x86_64
CPUs: 4
Total Memory: 3.859GiB
Name: k8s-node01
ID: R24D:75E5:2OWS:SNU5:NPSE:SBKH:WKLZ:2ZH7:6ITY:3BE2:YHRG:6WRU
Docker Root Dir: /data/k8s/docker/data
Debug Mode (client): false
Debug Mode (server): true
File Descriptors: 22
Goroutines: 43
System Time: 2019-06-18T16:32:44.260301822+08:00
EventsListeners: 0
Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/
Labels:
Experimental: false
Insecure Registries:
docker02:35000
127.0.0.0/8
Registry Mirrors:
https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/
https://hub-mirror.c.163.com/
Live Restore Enabled: true
Product License: Community Engine
9.2 - 部署 kubelet 组件
kubelet 运行在每个node节点上，接收 kube-apiserver 发送的请求，管理 Pod 容器，执行交互式命令，如 exec、run、logs 等。kubelet 启动时自动向 kube-apiserver 注册节点信息，内置的 cadvisor 统计和监控节点的资源使用情况。为确保安全，部署时关闭了 kubelet 的非安全 http 端口，对请求进行认证和授权，拒绝未授权的访问(如 apiserver、heapster 的请求)。
下面部署命令均在k8s-master01节点上执行，然后远程分发文件和执行命令。
1）下载和分发 kubelet 二进制文件
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# cd /opt/k8s/work
[root@k8s-master01 work]# source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
[root@k8s-master01 work]# for node_node_ip in ${NODE_NODE_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_node_ip}"
scp kubernetes/server/bin/kubelet root@${node_node_ip}:/opt/k8s/bin/
ssh root@${node_node_ip} "chmod +x /opt/k8s/bin/*"
done
2）创建 kubelet bootstrap kubeconfig 文件
[root@k8s-master01 work]# cd /opt/k8s/work
[root@k8s-master01 work]# source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
[root@k8s-master01 work]# for node_node_name in ${NODE_NODE_NAMES[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_node_name}"
# 创建 token
export BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN=$(kubeadm token create \
--description kubelet-bootstrap-token \
--groups system:bootstrappers:${node_node_name} \
--kubeconfig ~/.kube/config)
# 设置集群参数
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
--certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
--kubeconfig=kubelet-bootstrap-${node_node_name}.kubeconfig
# 设置客户端认证参数
kubectl config set-credentials kubelet-bootstrap \
--token=${BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN} \
--kubeconfig=kubelet-bootstrap-${node_node_name}.kubeconfig
# 设置上下文参数
kubectl config set-context default \
--cluster=kubernetes \
--user=kubelet-bootstrap \
--kubeconfig=kubelet-bootstrap-${node_node_name}.kubeconfig
# 设置默认上下文
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=kubelet-bootstrap-${node_node_name}.kubeconfig
done
解释说明: 向 kubeconfig 写入的是 token，bootstrap 结束后 kube-controller-manager 为 kubelet 创建 client 和 server 证书；
查看 kubeadm 为各节点创建的 token：
[root@k8s-master01 work]# kubeadm token list --kubeconfig ~/.kube/config
TOKEN TTL EXPIRES USAGES DESCRIPTION EXTRA GROUPS
0zqowl.aye8f834jtq9vm9t 23h 2019-06-19T16:50:43+08:00 authentication,signing kubelet-bootstrap-token system:bootstrappers:k8s-node03
b46tq2.muab337gxwl0dsqn 23h 2019-06-19T16:50:43+08:00 authentication,signing kubelet-bootstrap-token system:bootstrappers:k8s-node02
heh41x.foguhh1qa5crpzlq 23h 2019-06-19T16:50:42+08:00 authentication,signing kubelet-bootstrap-token system:bootstrappers:k8s-node01
解释说明：
-> token 有效期为 1 天，超期后将不能再被用来 boostrap kubelet，且会被 kube-controller-manager 的 tokencleaner 清理；
-> kube-apiserver 接收 kubelet 的 bootstrap token 后，将请求的 user 设置为 system:bootstrap:<Token ID>，group 设置为 system:bootstrappers，
后续将为这个 group 设置 ClusterRoleBinding；
查看各 token 关联的 Secret：
[root@k8s-master01 work]# kubectl get secrets -n kube-system|grep bootstrap-token
bootstrap-token-0zqowl bootstrap.kubernetes.io/token 7 88s
bootstrap-token-b46tq2 bootstrap.kubernetes.io/token 7 88s
bootstrap-token-heh41x bootstrap.kubernetes.io/token 7 89s
3) 分发 bootstrap kubeconfig 文件到所有node节点
[root@k8s-master01 work]# cd /opt/k8s/work
[root@k8s-master01 work]# source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
[root@k8s-master01 work]# for node_node_name in ${NODE_NODE_NAMES[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_node_name}"
scp kubelet-bootstrap-${node_node_name}.kubeconfig root@${node_node_name}:/etc/kubernetes/kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig
done
4) 创建和分发 kubelet 参数配置文件
从 v1.10 开始，部分 kubelet 参数需在配置文件中配置，kubelet --help 会提示：
DEPRECATED: This parameter should be set via the config file specified by the Kubelet's --config flag
创建 kubelet 参数配置文件模板：
[root@k8s-master01 work]# cd /opt/k8s/work
[root@k8s-master01 work]# source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
[root@k8s-master01 work]# cat > kubelet-config.yaml.template <<EOF
kind: KubeletConfiguration
apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
address: "##NODE_NODE_IP##"
staticPodPath: ""
syncFrequency: 1m
fileCheckFrequency: 20s
httpCheckFrequency: 20s
staticPodURL: ""
port: 10250
readOnlyPort: 0
rotateCertificates: true
serverTLSBootstrap: true
authentication:
anonymous:
enabled: false
webhook:
enabled: true
x509:
clientCAFile: "/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem"
authorization:
mode: Webhook
registryPullQPS: 0
registryBurst: 20
eventRecordQPS: 0
eventBurst: 20
enableDebuggingHandlers: true
enableContentionProfiling: true
healthzPort: 10248
healthzBindAddress: "##NODE_NODE_IP##"
clusterDomain: "${CLUSTER_DNS_DOMAIN}"
clusterDNS:
- "${CLUSTER_DNS_SVC_IP}"
nodeStatusUpdateFrequency: 10s
nodeStatusReportFrequency: 1m
imageMinimumGCAge: 2m
imageGCHighThresholdPercent: 85
imageGCLowThresholdPercent: 80
volumeStatsAggPeriod: 1m
kubeletCgroups: ""
systemCgroups: ""
cgroupRoot: ""
cgroupsPerQOS: true
cgroupDriver: cgroupfs
runtimeRequestTimeout: 10m
hairpinMode: promiscuous-bridge
maxPods: 220
podCIDR: "${CLUSTER_CIDR}"
podPidsLimit: -1
resolvConf: /etc/resolv.conf
maxOpenFiles: 1000000
kubeAPIQPS: 1000
kubeAPIBurst: 2000
serializeImagePulls: false
evictionHard:
memory.available: "100Mi"
nodefs.available: "10%"
nodefs.inodesFree: "5%"
imagefs.available: "15%"
evictionSoft: {}
enableControllerAttachDetach: true
failSwapOn: true
containerLogMaxSize: 20Mi
containerLogMaxFiles: 10
systemReserved: {}
kubeReserved: {}
systemReservedCgroup: ""
kubeReservedCgroup: ""
enforceNodeAllocatable: ["pods"]
EOF
解释说明:
-> address：kubelet 安全端口（https，10250）监听的地址，不能为 127.0.0.1，否则 kube-apiserver、heapster 等不能调用 kubelet 的 API；
-> readOnlyPort=0：关闭只读端口(默认 10255)，等效为未指定；
-> authentication.anonymous.enabled：设置为 false，不允许匿名�访问 10250 端口；
-> authentication.x509.clientCAFile：指定签名客户端证书的 CA 证书，开启 HTTP 证书认证；
-> authentication.webhook.enabled=true：开启 HTTPs bearer token 认证；
-> 对于未通过 x509 证书和 webhook 认证的请求(kube-apiserver 或其他客户端)，将被拒绝，提示 Unauthorized；
-> authroization.mode=Webhook：kubelet 使用 SubjectAccessReview API 查询 kube-apiserver 某 user、group 是否具有操作资源的权限(RBAC)；
-> featureGates.RotateKubeletClientCertificate、featureGates.RotateKubeletServerCertificate：自动 rotate 证书，证书的有效期取决于
kube-controller-manager 的 --experimental-cluster-signing-duration 参数；
-> 需要 root 账户运行；
为各节点创建和分发 kubelet 配置文件：
[root@k8s-master01 work]# cd /opt/k8s/work
[root@k8s-master01 work]# source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
[root@k8s-master01 work]# for node_node_ip in ${NODE_NODE_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_node_ip}"
sed -e "s/##NODE_NODE_IP##/${node_node_ip}/" kubelet-config.yaml.template > kubelet-config-${node_node_ip}.yaml.template
scp kubelet-config-${node_node_ip}.yaml.template root@${node_node_ip}:/etc/kubernetes/kubelet-config.yaml
done
5）创建和分发 kubelet systemd unit 文件
创建 kubelet systemd unit 文件模板：
[root@k8s-master01 work]# cd /opt/k8s/work
[root@k8s-master01 work]# source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
[root@k8s-master01 work]# cat > kubelet.service.template <<EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Kubelet
Documentation=https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes
After=docker.service
Requires=docker.service
[Service]
WorkingDirectory=${K8S_DIR}/kubelet
ExecStart=/opt/k8s/bin/kubelet \\
--allow-privileged=true \\
--bootstrap-kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig \\
--cert-dir=/etc/kubernetes/cert \\
--cni-conf-dir=/etc/cni/net.d \\
--container-runtime=docker \\
--container-runtime-endpoint=unix:///var/run/dockershim.sock \\
--root-dir=${K8S_DIR}/kubelet \\
--kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.kubeconfig \\
--config=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet-config.yaml \\
--hostname-override=##NODE_NODE_NAME## \\
--pod-infra-container-image=registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/k8s_images/pause-amd64:3.1 \\
--image-pull-progress-deadline=15m \\
--volume-plugin-dir=${K8S_DIR}/kubelet/kubelet-plugins/volume/exec/ \\
--logtostderr=true \\
--v=2
Restart=always
RestartSec=5
StartLimitInterval=0
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
解释说明：
-> 如果设置了 --hostname-override 选项，则 kube-proxy 也需要设置该选项，否则会出现找不到 Node 的情况；
-> --bootstrap-kubeconfig：指向 bootstrap kubeconfig 文件，kubelet 使用该文件中的用户名和 token 向 kube-apiserver 发送 TLS Bootstrapping 请求；
-> K8S approve kubelet 的 csr 请求后，在 --cert-dir 目录创建证书和私钥文件，然后写入 --kubeconfig 文件；
-> --pod-infra-container-image 不使用 redhat 的 pod-infrastructure:latest 镜像，它不能回收容器的僵尸；
为各节点创建和分发 kubelet systemd unit 文件：
[root@k8s-master01 work]# cd /opt/k8s/work
[root@k8s-master01 work]# source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
[root@k8s-master01 work]# for node_node_name in ${NODE_NODE_NAMES[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_node_name}"
sed -e "s/##NODE_NODE_NAME##/${node_node_name}/" kubelet.service.template > kubelet-${node_node_name}.service
scp kubelet-${node_node_name}.service root@${node_node_name}:/etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service
done
6）Bootstrap Token Auth 和授予权限
-> kubelet启动时查找--kubeletconfig参数对应的文件是否存在，如果不存在则使用 --bootstrap-kubeconfig 指定的 kubeconfig 文件向 kube-apiserver 发送证书签名请求 (CSR)。
-> kube-apiserver 收到 CSR 请求后，对其中的 Token 进行认证，认证通过后将请求的 user 设置为 system:bootstrap:<Token ID>，group 设置为 system:bootstrappers，
这一过程称为 Bootstrap Token Auth。
-> 默认情况下，这个 user 和 group 没有创建 CSR 的权限，kubelet 启动失败，错误日志如下：
# journalctl -u kubelet -a |grep -A 2 'certificatesigningrequests'
May 9 22:48:41 k8s-master01 kubelet[128468]: I0526 22:48:41.798230 128468 certificate_manager.go:366] Rotating certificates
May 9 22:48:41 k8s-master01 kubelet[128468]: E0526 22:48:41.801997 128468 certificate_manager.go:385] Failed while requesting a signed certificate from the master: cannot cre
ate certificate signing request: certificatesigningrequests.certificates.k8s.io is forbidden: User "system:bootstrap:82jfrm" cannot create resource "certificatesigningrequests" i
n API group "certificates.k8s.io" at the cluster scope
May 9 22:48:42 k8s-master01 kubelet[128468]: E0526 22:48:42.044828 128468 kubelet.go:2244] node "k8s-master01" not found
May 9 22:48:42 k8s-master01 kubelet[128468]: E0526 22:48:42.078658 128468 reflector.go:126] k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/kubelet/kubelet.go:442: Failed to list *v1.Service: Unauthor
ized
May 9 22:48:42 k8s-master01 kubelet[128468]: E0526 22:48:42.079873 128468 reflector.go:126] k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/kubelet/kubelet.go:451: Failed to list *v1.Node: Unauthorize
d
May 9 22:48:42 k8s-master01 kubelet[128468]: E0526 22:48:42.082683 128468 reflector.go:126] k8s.io/client-go/informers/factory.go:133: Failed to list *v1beta1.CSIDriver: Unau
thorized
May 9 22:48:42 k8s-master01 kubelet[128468]: E0526 22:48:42.084473 128468 reflector.go:126] k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/kubelet/config/apiserver.go:47: Failed to list *v1.Pod: Unau
thorized
May 9 22:48:42 k8s-master01 kubelet[128468]: E0526 22:48:42.088466 128468 reflector.go:126] k8s.io/client-go/informers/factory.go:133: Failed to list *v1beta1.RuntimeClass: U
nauthorized
解决办法是：创建一个 clusterrolebinding，将 group system:bootstrappers 和 clusterrole system:node-bootstrapper 绑定：
# kubectl create clusterrolebinding kubelet-bootstrap --clusterrole=system:node-bootstrapper --group=system:bootstrappers
7) 启动 kubelet 服务
[root@k8s-master01 work]# source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
[root@k8s-master01 work]# for node_node_ip in ${NODE_NODE_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_node_ip}"
ssh root@${node_node_ip} "mkdir -p ${K8S_DIR}/kubelet/kubelet-plugins/volume/exec/"
ssh root@${node_node_ip} "/usr/sbin/swapoff -a"
ssh root@${node_node_ip} "systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl enable kubelet && systemctl restart kubelet"
done
解释说明：
-> 启动服务前必须先创建工作目录；
-> 关闭 swap 分区，否则 kubelet 会启动失败 (使用"journalctl -u kubelet |tail"命令查看错误日志)
kubelet 启动后使用 --bootstrap-kubeconfig 向 kube-apiserver 发送 CSR 请求，
当这个 CSR 被 approve 后，kube-controller-manager 为 kubelet 创建 TLS 客户端证书、私钥和 --kubeletconfig 文件。
注意：kube-controller-manager 需要配置 --cluster-signing-cert-file 和 --cluster-signing-key-file 参数，才会为 TLS Bootstrap 创建证书和私钥。
[root@k8s-master01 work]# kubectl get csr
NAME AGE REQUESTOR CONDITION
csr-4wk6q 108s system:bootstrap:0zqowl Pending
csr-mjtl5 110s system:bootstrap:heh41x Pending
csr-rfz27 109s system:bootstrap:b46tq2 Pending
[root@k8s-master01 work]# kubectl get nodes
No resources found.
此时三个node节点的csr均处于 pending 状态；
8）自动 approve CSR 请求
创建三个 ClusterRoleBinding，分别用于自动 approve client、renew client、renew server 证书：
[root@k8s-master01 work]# cd /opt/k8s/work
[root@k8s-master01 work]# cat > csr-crb.yaml <<EOF
# Approve all CSRs for the group "system:bootstrappers"
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
name: auto-approve-csrs-for-group
subjects:
- kind: Group
name: system:bootstrappers
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
roleRef:
kind: ClusterRole
name: system:certificates.k8s.io:certificatesigningrequests:nodeclient
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
---
# To let a node of the group "system:nodes" renew its own credentials
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
name: node-client-cert-renewal
subjects:
- kind: Group
name: system:nodes
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
roleRef:
kind: ClusterRole
name: system:certificates.k8s.io:certificatesigningrequests:selfnodeclient
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
---
# A ClusterRole which instructs the CSR approver to approve a node requesting a
# serving cert matching its client cert.
kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
name: approve-node-server-renewal-csr
rules:
- apiGroups: ["certificates.k8s.io"]
resources: ["certificatesigningrequests/selfnodeserver"]
verbs: ["create"]
---
# To let a node of the group "system:nodes" renew its own server credentials
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
name: node-server-cert-renewal
subjects:
- kind: Group
name: system:nodes
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
roleRef:
kind: ClusterRole
name: approve-node-server-renewal-csr
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
EOF
解释说明：
-> auto-approve-csrs-for-group：自动 approve node 的第一次 CSR； 注意第一次 CSR 时，请求的 Group 为 system:bootstrappers；
-> node-client-cert-renewal：自动 approve node 后续过期的 client 证书，自动生成的证书 Group 为 system:nodes;
-> node-server-cert-renewal：自动 approve node 后续过期的 server 证书，自动生成的证书 Group 为 system:nodes;
执行创建：
[root@k8s-master01 work]# kubectl apply -f csr-crb.yaml
查看 kubelet 的情况
需要耐心等待一段时间(1-10 分钟)，三个节点的 CSR 都被自动 approved（测试时等待了很长一段时间才被自动approved）
[root@k8s-master01 work]# kubectl get csr
NAME AGE REQUESTOR CONDITION
csr-4m4hc 37s system:node:k8s-node01 Pending
csr-4wk6q 7m29s system:bootstrap:0zqowl Approved,Issued
csr-h8hq6 36s system:node:k8s-node02 Pending
csr-mjtl5 7m31s system:bootstrap:heh41x Approved,Issued
csr-rfz27 7m30s system:bootstrap:b46tq2 Approved,Issued
csr-t9p6n 36s system:node:k8s-node03 Pending
注意：
Pending 的 CSR 用于创建 kubelet server 证书，需要手动 approve，后续会说到这个。
此时发现所有node节点状态均为"ready"：
[root@k8s-master01 work]# kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
k8s-node01 Ready <none> 3m v1.14.2
k8s-node02 Ready <none> 3m v1.14.2
k8s-node03 Ready <none> 2m59s v1.14.2
kube-controller-manager 为各node节点生成了 kubeconfig 文件和公私钥（如下在node节点上执行）：
[root@k8s-node01 ~]# ls -l /etc/kubernetes/kubelet.kubeconfig
-rw------- 1 root root 2310 Jun 18 17:09 /etc/kubernetes/kubelet.kubeconfig
[root@k8s-node01 ~]# ls -l /etc/kubernetes/cert/|grep kubelet
-rw------- 1 root root 1273 Jun 18 17:16 kubelet-client-2019-06-18-17-16-31.pem
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 59 Jun 18 17:16 kubelet-client-current.pem -> /etc/kubernetes/cert/kubelet-client-2019-06-18-17-16-31.pem
注意：此时还没有自动生成 kubelet server 证书；
9）手动 approve server cert csr
基于安全性考虑，CSR approving controllers 不会自动 approve kubelet server 证书签名请求，需要手动 approve：
[root@k8s-master01 work]# kubectl get csr
NAME AGE REQUESTOR CONDITION
csr-4m4hc 6m4s system:node:k8s-node01 Pending
csr-4wk6q 12m system:bootstrap:0zqowl Approved,Issued
csr-h8hq6 6m3s system:node:k8s-node02 Pending
csr-mjtl5 12m system:bootstrap:heh41x Approved,Issued
csr-rfz27 12m system:bootstrap:b46tq2 Approved,Issued
csr-t9p6n 6m3s system:node:k8s-node03 Pending
记住上面执行结果为"Pending"的对应的csr的NAME名称，然后对这些csr进行手动approve
[root@k8s-master01 work]# kubectl certificate approve csr-4m4hc
certificatesigningrequest.certificates.k8s.io/csr-4m4hc approved
[root@k8s-master01 work]# kubectl certificate approve csr-h8hq6
certificatesigningrequest.certificates.k8s.io/csr-h8hq6 approved
[root@k8s-master01 work]# kubectl certificate approve csr-t9p6n
certificatesigningrequest.certificates.k8s.io/csr-t9p6n approved
再次查看csr，发现所有的CSR都为approved了
[root@k8s-master01 work]# kubectl get csr
NAME AGE REQUESTOR CONDITION
csr-4m4hc 7m46s system:node:k8s-node01 Approved,Issued
csr-4wk6q 14m system:bootstrap:0zqowl Approved,Issued
csr-h8hq6 7m45s system:node:k8s-node02 Approved,Issued
csr-mjtl5 14m system:bootstrap:heh41x Approved,Issued
csr-rfz27 14m system:bootstrap:b46tq2 Approved,Issued
csr-t9p6n 7m45s system:node:k8s-node03 Approved,Issued
再次到node节点上查看，发现已经自动生成 kubelet server 证书；
[root@k8s-node01 ~]# ls -l /etc/kubernetes/cert/kubelet-*
-rw------- 1 root root 1273 Jun 18 17:16 /etc/kubernetes/cert/kubelet-client-2019-06-18-17-16-31.pem
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 59 Jun 18 17:16 /etc/kubernetes/cert/kubelet-client-current.pem -> /etc/kubernetes/cert/kubelet-client-2019-06-18-17-16-31.pem
-rw------- 1 root root 1317 Jun 18 17:23 /etc/kubernetes/cert/kubelet-server-2019-06-18-17-23-13.pem
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 59 Jun 18 17:23 /etc/kubernetes/cert/kubelet-server-current.pem -> /etc/kubernetes/cert/kubelet-server-2019-06-18-17-23-13.pem
10）kubelet 提供的 API 接口
kubelet 启动后监听多个端口，用于接收 kube-apiserver 或其它客户端发送的请求：
在node节点执行下面命令
[root@k8s-node01 ~]# netstat -lnpt|grep kubelet
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:40831 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 24468/kubelet
tcp 0 0 172.16.60.244:10248 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 24468/kubelet
tcp 0 0 172.16.60.244:10250 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 24468/kubelet
解释说明：
-> 10248: healthz http服务端口，即健康检查服务的端口
-> 10250: kubelet服务监听的端口,api会检测他是否存活。即https服务，访问该端口时需要认证和授权（即使访问/healthz也需要）；
-> 10255：只读端口，可以不用验证和授权机制，直接访问。这里配置"readOnlyPort: 0"表示未开启只读端口10255；如果配置"readOnlyPort: 10255"则打开10255端口
-> 从 K8S v1.10 开始，去除了 --cadvisor-port 参数（默认 4194 端口），不支持访问 cAdvisor UI & API。
例如执行"kubectl exec -it nginx-ds-5aedg -- sh"命令时，kube-apiserver会向 kubelet 发送如下请求：
POST /exec/default/nginx-ds-5aedg/my-nginx?command=sh&input=1&output=1&tty=1
kubelet 接收 10250 端口的 https 请求，可以访问如下资源：
-> /pods、/runningpods
-> /metrics、/metrics/cadvisor、/metrics/probes
-> /spec
-> /stats、/stats/container
-> /logs
-> /run/、/exec/, /attach/, /portForward/, /containerLogs/
由于关闭了匿名认证，同时开启了webhook 授权，所有访问10250端口https API的请求都需要被认证和授权。
预定义的 ClusterRole system:kubelet-api-admin 授予访问 kubelet 所有 API 的权限(kube-apiserver 使用的 kubernetes 证书 User 授予了该权限)：
[root@k8s-master01 work]# kubectl describe clusterrole system:kubelet-api-admin
Name: system:kubelet-api-admin
Labels: kubernetes.io/bootstrapping=rbac-defaults
Annotations: rbac.authorization.kubernetes.io/autoupdate: true
PolicyRule:
Resources Non-Resource URLs Resource Names Verbs
--------- ----------------- -------------- -----
nodes/log [] [] [*]
nodes/metrics [] [] [*]
nodes/proxy [] [] [*]
nodes/spec [] [] [*]
nodes/stats [] [] [*]
nodes [] [] [get list watch proxy]
11) kubelet api 认证和授权
kubelet 配置了如下认证参数：
-> authentication.anonymous.enabled：设置为 false，不允许匿名�访问 10250 端口；
-> authentication.x509.clientCAFile：指定签名客户端证书的 CA 证书，开启 HTTPs 证书认证；
-> authentication.webhook.enabled=true：开启 HTTPs bearer token 认证；
同时配置了如下授权参数：
-> authroization.mode=Webhook：开启 RBAC 授权；
kubelet 收到请求后，使用 clientCAFile 对证书签名进行认证，或者查询 bearer token 是否有效。如果两者都没通过，则拒绝请求，提示 Unauthorized：
[root@k8s-master01 work]# curl -s --cacert /etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem https://172.16.60.244:10250/metrics
Unauthorized
[root@k8s-master01 work]# curl -s --cacert /etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem -H "Authorization: Bearer 123456" https://172.16.60.244:10250/metrics
Unauthorized
通过认证后，kubelet 使用 SubjectAccessReview API 向 kube-apiserver 发送请求，查询证书或 token 对应的 user、group 是否有操作资源的权限(RBAC)；
下面进行证书认证和授权：
# 权限不足的证书；
[root@k8s-master01 work]# curl -s --cacert /etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem --cert /etc/kubernetes/cert/kube-controller-manager.pem --key /etc/kubernetes/cert/kube-controller-manager-key.pem https://172.16.60.244:10250/metrics
Forbidden (user=system:kube-controller-manager, verb=get, resource=nodes, subresource=metrics)
# 使用部署 kubectl 命令行工具时创建的、具有最高权限的 admin 证书；
[root@k8s-master01 work]# curl -s --cacert /etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem --cert /opt/k8s/work/admin.pem --key /opt/k8s/work/admin-key.pem https://172.16.60.244:10250/metrics|head
# HELP apiserver_audit_event_total Counter of audit events generated and sent to the audit backend.
# TYPE apiserver_audit_event_total counter
apiserver_audit_event_total 0
# HELP apiserver_audit_requests_rejected_total Counter of apiserver requests rejected due to an error in audit logging backend.
# TYPE apiserver_audit_requests_rejected_total counter
apiserver_audit_requests_rejected_total 0
# HELP apiserver_client_certificate_expiration_seconds Distribution of the remaining lifetime on the certificate used to authenticate a request.
# TYPE apiserver_client_certificate_expiration_seconds histogram
apiserver_client_certificate_expiration_seconds_bucket{le="0"} 0
apiserver_client_certificate_expiration_seconds_bucket{le="1800"} 0
注意：--cacert、--cert、--key 的参数值必须是文件路径，否则返回 401 Unauthorized；
bear token 认证和授权
创建一个 ServiceAccount，将它和 ClusterRole system:kubelet-api-admin 绑定，从而具有调用 kubelet API 的权限：
[root@k8s-master01 work]# kubectl create sa kubelet-api-test
[root@k8s-master01 work]# kubectl create clusterrolebinding kubelet-api-test --clusterrole=system:kubelet-api-admin --serviceaccount=default:kubelet-api-test
[root@k8s-master01 work]# SECRET=$(kubectl get secrets | grep kubelet-api-test | awk '{print $1}')
[root@k8s-master01 work]# TOKEN=$(kubectl describe secret ${SECRET} | grep -E '^token' | awk '{print $2}')
[root@k8s-master01 work]# echo ${TOKEN}
eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6IiJ9.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.i_uVqjOUMLdG4lDURfhxFDOtM2addxgEquQTcpOLP_5g6UI-MjvE5jHem_Q8OtMwFs5tqlCvKJHN2IdfsRiKk_mBe_ysLQsNEoHDclZwHRVN6X84Y62q49y-ArT12YlSpfWWenw-2GawsTmORbz7AYYaU5-kgqMk95mMx57ic8uwvJYlilw4JCnkMON5ESOmgAOg30uVvsBiQVkkYTwGtAG5Tah9wADujQttBjjDOlGntpGHxj-HmZO2GivDgdrbs_UNvhzGt2maDlpP13qYv8zKiBGpSbiWOAk_olsFKQ5-dIrn04NCbh9Kkyyh9JccMSuvePaj-lgTWj5zdUfRHw
这时，再接着进行kubelet请求
[root@k8s-master01 work]# curl -s --cacert /etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem -H "Authorization: Bearer ${TOKEN}" https://172.16.60.244:10250/metrics|head
# HELP apiserver_audit_event_total Counter of audit events generated and sent to the audit backend.
# TYPE apiserver_audit_event_total counter
apiserver_audit_event_total 0
# HELP apiserver_audit_requests_rejected_total Counter of apiserver requests rejected due to an error in audit logging backend.
# TYPE apiserver_audit_requests_rejected_total counter
apiserver_audit_requests_rejected_total 0
# HELP apiserver_client_certificate_expiration_seconds Distribution of the remaining lifetime on the certificate used to authenticate a request.
# TYPE apiserver_client_certificate_expiration_seconds histogram
apiserver_client_certificate_expiration_seconds_bucket{le="0"} 0
apiserver_client_certificate_expiration_seconds_bucket{le="1800"} 0
12）cadvisor 和 metrics
cadvisor 是内嵌在 kubelet 二进制中的，统计所在节点各容器的资源(CPU、内存、磁盘、网卡)使用情况的服务。
浏览器访问https://172.16.60.244:10250/metrics 和 https://172.16.60.244:10250/metrics/cadvisor 分别返回 kubelet 和 cadvisor 的 metrics。
注意：
-> kubelet.config.json 设置 authentication.anonymous.enabled 为 false，不允许匿名证书访问 10250 的 https 服务；
-> 参考下面的"浏览器访问kube-apiserver安全端口"，创建和导入相关证书，然后就可以在浏览器里成功访问kube-apiserver和上面的kubelet的10250端口了。
需要通过证书方式访问kubelet的10250端口
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# curl -s --cacert /etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem --cert /opt/k8s/work/admin.pem --key /opt/k8s/work/admin-key.pem https://172.16.60.244:10250/metrics
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# curl -s --cacert /etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem --cert /opt/k8s/work/admin.pem --key /opt/k8s/work/admin-key.pem https://172.16.60.244:10250/metrics/cadvisor
13）获取 kubelet 的配置
从 kube-apiserver 获取各节点 kubelet 的配置：
如果发现没有jq命令（json处理工具），可以直接yum安装jq：
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# yum install -y jq
使用部署 kubectl 命令行工具时创建的、具有最高权限的 admin 证书；
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# curl -sSL --cacert /etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem --cert /opt/k8s/work/admin.pem --key /opt/k8s/work/admin-key.pem ${KUBE_APISERVER}/api/v1/nodes/k8s-node01/proxy/configz | jq '.kubeletconfig|.kind="KubeletConfiguration"|.apiVersion="kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1"'
{
"syncFrequency": "1m0s",
"fileCheckFrequency": "20s",
"httpCheckFrequency": "20s",
"address": "172.16.60.244",
"port": 10250,
"rotateCertificates": true,
"serverTLSBootstrap": true,
"authentication": {
"x509": {
"clientCAFile": "/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem"
},
"webhook": {
"enabled": true,
"cacheTTL": "2m0s"
},
"anonymous": {
"enabled": false
}
},
"authorization": {
"mode": "Webhook",
"webhook": {
"cacheAuthorizedTTL": "5m0s",
"cacheUnauthorizedTTL": "30s"
}
},
"registryPullQPS": 0,
"registryBurst": 20,
"eventRecordQPS": 0,
"eventBurst": 20,
"enableDebuggingHandlers": true,
"enableContentionProfiling": true,
"healthzPort": 10248,
"healthzBindAddress": "172.16.60.244",
"oomScoreAdj": -999,
"clusterDomain": "cluster.local",
"clusterDNS": [
"10.254.0.2"
],
"streamingConnectionIdleTimeout": "4h0m0s",
"nodeStatusUpdateFrequency": "10s",
"nodeStatusReportFrequency": "1m0s",
"nodeLeaseDurationSeconds": 40,
"imageMinimumGCAge": "2m0s",
"imageGCHighThresholdPercent": 85,
"imageGCLowThresholdPercent": 80,
"volumeStatsAggPeriod": "1m0s",
"cgroupsPerQOS": true,
"cgroupDriver": "cgroupfs",
"cpuManagerPolicy": "none",
"cpuManagerReconcilePeriod": "10s",
"runtimeRequestTimeout": "10m0s",
"hairpinMode": "promiscuous-bridge",
"maxPods": 220,
"podCIDR": "172.30.0.0/16",
"podPidsLimit": -1,
"resolvConf": "/etc/resolv.conf",
"cpuCFSQuota": true,
"cpuCFSQuotaPeriod": "100ms",
"maxOpenFiles": 1000000,
"contentType": "application/vnd.kubernetes.protobuf",
"kubeAPIQPS": 1000,
"kubeAPIBurst": 2000,
"serializeImagePulls": false,
"evictionHard": {
"memory.available": "100Mi"
},
"evictionPressureTransitionPeriod": "5m0s",
"enableControllerAttachDetach": true,
"makeIPTablesUtilChains": true,
"iptablesMasqueradeBit": 14,
"iptablesDropBit": 15,
"failSwapOn": true,
"containerLogMaxSize": "20Mi",
"containerLogMaxFiles": 10,
"configMapAndSecretChangeDetectionStrategy": "Watch",
"enforceNodeAllocatable": [
"pods"
],
"kind": "KubeletConfiguration",
"apiVersion": "kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1"
}
或者直接执行下面语句：（https://172.16.60.250:8443 就是变量${KUBE_APISERVER}）
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# curl -sSL --cacert /etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem --cert /opt/k8s/work/admin.pem --key /opt/k8s/work/admin-key.pem https://172.16.60.250:8443/api/v1/nodes/k8s-node01/proxy/configz | jq '.kubeletconfig|.kind="KubeletConfiguration"|.apiVersion="kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1"'
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# curl -sSL --cacert /etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem --cert /opt/k8s/work/admin.pem --key /opt/k8s/work/admin-key.pem https://172.16.60.250:8443/api/v1/nodes/k8s-node02/proxy/configz | jq '.kubeletconfig|.kind="KubeletConfiguration"|.apiVersion="kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1"'
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# curl -sSL --cacert /etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem --cert /opt/k8s/work/admin.pem --key /opt/k8s/work/admin-key.pem https://172.16.60.250:8443/api/v1/nodes/k8s-node03/proxy/configz | jq '.kubeletconfig|.kind="KubeletConfiguration"|.apiVersion="kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1"'
9.3 - 浏览器访问kube-apiserver等安全端口，创建和导入证书的做法
浏览器访问 kube-apiserver 的安全端口 6443 （代理端口是8443）时，提示证书不被信任：
这是因为 kube-apiserver 的 server 证书是我们创建的根证书 ca.pem 签名的，需要将根证书 ca.pem 导入操作系统，并设置永久信任。
这里说下Mac OS系统客户机上导入证书的方法:
1）点击Mac本上的"钥匙串访问" -> "系统" -> "证书" -> "kebernetes"(双击里面的"信任"，改成"始终信任"),如下图：
清除浏览器缓存，再次访问，发现证书已经被信任了！(红色感叹号已经消失了)
2）需要给浏览器生成一个 client 证书，访问 apiserver 的 6443 https 端口时使用。
这里使用部署 kubectl 命令行工具时创建的 admin 证书、私钥和上面的 ca 证书，创建一个浏览器可以使用 PKCS#12/PFX 格式的证书:
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# cd /opt/k8s/work/ [root@k8s-master01 work]# openssl pkcs12 -export -out admin.pfx -inkey admin-key.pem -in admin.pem -certfile ca.pem Enter Export Password: # 这里输入自己设定的任意密码，比如"123456" Verifying - Enter Export Password: # 确认密码: 123456 [root@k8s-master01 work]# ll admin.pfx -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3613 Jun 23 23:56 admin.pfx
将在k8s-master01服务器上生成的client证书admin.pfx拷贝到Mac本机，导入到"钥匙串访问" -> "系统" -> "证书" 里面 (导入时会提示输入admin.pfx证书的密码，即"123456")，如下图:
清除浏览器历史记录，一定要重启浏览器，接着访问apiserver地址，接着会提示选择一个浏览器证书，这里选中上面导入的"admin.pfx", 然后再次访问apiserver，发现相应的metrics数据就成功显示出来了！！(注意，如果失败了。则可以删除证书，然后重新生成，重新导入再跟着操作步骤来一遍，清除浏览器缓存，重启浏览器，选择导入的证书，再次访问即可！）
同样的，再上面apiserver访问的client证书导入到本地浏览器后，再访问kubelet的10250端口的metric时，也会提示选择导入的证书"admin.pfx"，然后就会正常显示对应的metrics数据了。（k8s集群的其他组件metrics的https证书方式方式同理！）
9.4 - 部署 kube-proxy 组件
kube-proxy运行在所有的node节点上，它监听apiserver中service和endpoint的变化情况，创建路由规则以提供服务IP和负载均衡功能。下面部署命令均在k8s-master01节点上执行，然后远程分发文件和执行命令。
1）下载和分发 kube-proxy 二进制文件
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# cd /opt/k8s/work
[root@k8s-master01 work]# source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
[root@k8s-master01 work]# for node_node_ip in ${NODE_NODE_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_node_ip}"
scp kubernetes/server/bin/kube-proxy root@${node_node_ip}:/opt/k8s/bin/
ssh root@${node_node_ip} "chmod +x /opt/k8s/bin/*"
done
2) 创建 kube-proxy 证书
创建证书签名请求：
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# cd /opt/k8s/work
[root@k8s-master01 work]# cat > kube-proxy-csr.json <<EOF
{
"CN": "system:kube-proxy",
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"ST": "BeiJing",
"L": "BeiJing",
"O": "k8s",
"OU": "4Paradigm"
}
]
}
EOF
注意：
CN：指定该证书的 User 为 system:kube-proxy；
预定义的 RoleBinding system:node-proxier 将User system:kube-proxy 与 Role system:node-proxier 绑定，该 Role 授予了调用 kube-apiserver Proxy 相关 API 的权限；
该证书只会被 kube-proxy 当做 client 证书使用，所以 hosts 字段为空；
生成证书和私钥：
[root@k8s-master01 work]# cd /opt/k8s/work
[root@k8s-master01 work]# cfssl gencert -ca=/opt/k8s/work/ca.pem \
-ca-key=/opt/k8s/work/ca-key.pem \
-config=/opt/k8s/work/ca-config.json \
-profile=kubernetes kube-proxy-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-proxy
[root@k8s-master01 work]# ll kube-proxy*
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1013 Jun 24 20:21 kube-proxy.csr
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 218 Jun 24 20:21 kube-proxy-csr.json
-rw------- 1 root root 1679 Jun 24 20:21 kube-proxy-key.pem
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1411 Jun 24 20:21 kube-proxy.pem
3）创建和分发 kubeconfig 文件
[root@k8s-master01 work]# cd /opt/k8s/work
[root@k8s-master01 work]# source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
[root@k8s-master01 work]# kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
--certificate-authority=/opt/k8s/work/ca.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
--kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
[root@k8s-master01 work]# kubectl config set-credentials kube-proxy \
--client-certificate=kube-proxy.pem \
--client-key=kube-proxy-key.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
[root@k8s-master01 work]# kubectl config set-context default \
--cluster=kubernetes \
--user=kube-proxy \
--kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
[root@k8s-master01 work]# kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
注意：--embed-certs=true：将 ca.pem 和 admin.pem 证书内容嵌入到生成的 kubectl-proxy.kubeconfig 文件中(不加时，写入的是证书文件路径)；
分发 kubeconfig 文件：
[root@k8s-master01 work]# cd /opt/k8s/work
[root@k8s-master01 work]# source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
[root@k8s-master01 work]# for node_node_name in ${NODE_NODE_NAMES[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_node_name}"
scp kube-proxy.kubeconfig root@${node_node_name}:/etc/kubernetes/
done
4）创建 kube-proxy 配置文件
从 v1.10 开始，kube-proxy 部分参数可以配置文件中配置。可以使用 --write-config-to 选项生成该配置文件。
创建 kube-proxy config 文件模板：
[root@k8s-master01 work]# cd /opt/k8s/work
[root@k8s-master01 work]# cat > kube-proxy-config.yaml.template <<EOF
kind: KubeProxyConfiguration
apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1
clientConnection:
burst: 200
kubeconfig: "/etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.kubeconfig"
qps: 100
bindAddress: ##NODE_NODE_IP##
healthzBindAddress: ##NODE_NODE_IP##:10256
metricsBindAddress: ##NODE_NODE_IP##:10249
enableProfiling: true
clusterCIDR: ${CLUSTER_CIDR}
hostnameOverride: ##NODE_NODE_NAME##
mode: "ipvs"
portRange: ""
kubeProxyIPTablesConfiguration:
masqueradeAll: false
kubeProxyIPVSConfiguration:
scheduler: rr
excludeCIDRs: []
EOF
注意：
bindAddress: 监听地址；
clientConnection.kubeconfig: 连接 apiserver 的 kubeconfig 文件；
clusterCIDR: kube-proxy 根据 --cluster-cidr 判断集群内部和外部流量，指定 --cluster-cidr 或 --masquerade-all 选项后 kube-proxy 才会对访问 Service IP 的请求做 SNAT；
hostnameOverride: 参数值必须与 kubelet 的值一致，否则 kube-proxy 启动后会找不到该 Node，从而不会创建任何 ipvs 规则；
mode: 使用 ipvs 模式；
为各节点创建和分发 kube-proxy 配置文件：
[root@k8s-master01 work]# cd /opt/k8s/work
[root@k8s-master01 work]# source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
[root@k8s-master01 work]# for (( i=0; i < 3; i++ ))
do
echo ">>> ${NODE_NODE_NAMES[i]}"
sed -e "s/##NODE_NODE_NAME##/${NODE_NODE_NAMES[i]}/" -e "s/##NODE_NODE_IP##/${NODE_NODE_IPS[i]}/" kube-proxy-config.yaml.template > kube-proxy-config-${NODE_NODE_NAMES[i]}.yaml.template
scp kube-proxy-config-${NODE_NODE_NAMES[i]}.yaml.template root@${NODE_NODE_NAMES[i]}:/etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy-config.yaml
done
[root@k8s-master01 work]# ll kube-proxy-config-k8s-node0*
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 500 Jun 24 20:27 kube-proxy-config-k8s-node01.yaml.template
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 500 Jun 24 20:27 kube-proxy-config-k8s-node02.yaml.template
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 500 Jun 24 20:27 kube-proxy-config-k8s-node03.yaml.template
5）创建和分发 kube-proxy systemd unit 文件
[root@k8s-master01 work]# cd /opt/k8s/work
[root@k8s-master01 work]# source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
[root@k8s-master01 work]# cat > kube-proxy.service <<EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Kube-Proxy Server
Documentation=https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes
After=network.target
[Service]
WorkingDirectory=${K8S_DIR}/kube-proxy
ExecStart=/opt/k8s/bin/kube-proxy \\
--config=/etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy-config.yaml \\
--logtostderr=true \\
--v=2
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
分发 kube-proxy systemd unit 文件：
[root@k8s-master01 work]# cd /opt/k8s/work
[root@k8s-master01 work]# source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
[root@k8s-master01 work]# for node_node_name in ${NODE_NODE_NAMES[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_node_name}"
scp kube-proxy.service root@${node_node_name}:/etc/systemd/system/
done
6）启动 kube-proxy 服务
[root@k8s-master01 work]# cd /opt/k8s/work
[root@k8s-master01 work]# source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
[root@k8s-master01 work]# for node_node_ip in ${NODE_NODE_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_node_ip}"
ssh root@${node_node_ip} "mkdir -p ${K8S_DIR}/kube-proxy"
ssh root@${node_node_ip} "modprobe ip_vs_rr"
ssh root@${node_node_ip} "systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl enable kube-proxy && systemctl restart kube-proxy"
done
注意：启动服务前必须先创建工作目录；
检查启动结果：
[root@k8s-master01 work]# source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
[root@k8s-master01 work]# for node_node_ip in ${NODE_NODE_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_node_ip}"
ssh root@${node_node_ip} "systemctl status kube-proxy|grep Active"
done
预期结果：
>>> 172.16.60.244
Active: active (running) since Mon 2019-06-24 20:35:31 CST; 2min 0s ago
>>> 172.16.60.245
Active: active (running) since Mon 2019-06-24 20:35:30 CST; 2min 0s ago
>>> 172.16.60.246
Active: active (running) since Mon 2019-06-24 20:35:32 CST; 1min 59s ago
确保状态为 active (running)，否则查看日志，确认原因（journalctl -u kube-proxy）
7）查看监听端口（在任意一台node节点上查看）
[root@k8s-node01 ~]# netstat -lnpt|grep kube-prox
tcp 0 0 172.16.60.244:10249 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3830/kube-proxy
tcp 0 0 172.16.60.244:10256 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3830/kube-proxy
需要注意：
10249：该端口用于http prometheus metrics port;
10256：该端口用于http healthz port;
8）查看 ipvs 路由规则
[root@k8s-master01 work]# source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
[root@k8s-master01 work]# for node_node_ip in ${NODE_NODE_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_node_ip}"
ssh root@${node_node_ip} "/usr/sbin/ipvsadm -ln"
done
预期输出：
>>> 172.16.60.244
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
-> RemoteAddress:Port Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP 10.254.0.1:443 rr
-> 172.16.60.241:6443 Masq 1 0 0
-> 172.16.60.242:6443 Masq 1 0 0
-> 172.16.60.243:6443 Masq 1 0 0
>>> 172.16.60.245
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
-> RemoteAddress:Port Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP 10.254.0.1:443 rr
-> 172.16.60.241:6443 Masq 1 0 0
-> 172.16.60.242:6443 Masq 1 0 0
-> 172.16.60.243:6443 Masq 1 0 0
>>> 172.16.60.246
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
-> RemoteAddress:Port Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP 10.254.0.1:443 rr
-> 172.16.60.241:6443 Masq 1 0 0
-> 172.16.60.242:6443 Masq 1 0 0
-> 172.16.60.243:6443 Masq 1 0 0
由上面可以看出：所有通过 https 访问 K8S SVC kubernetes 的请求都转发到 kube-apiserver 节点的 6443 端口；
十、验证Kubernetes集群功能
使用 daemonset 验证 master 和 worker 节点是否工作正常。
1）检查节点状态
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
k8s-node01 Ready <none> 6d3h v1.14.2
k8s-node02 Ready <none> 6d3h v1.14.2
k8s-node03 Ready <none> 6d3h v1.14.2
各node节点状态都为 Ready 时正常。
2）创建测试文件
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# cd /opt/k8s/work
[root@k8s-master01 work]# cat > nginx-ds.yml <<EOF
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: nginx-ds
labels:
app: nginx-ds
spec:
type: NodePort
selector:
app: nginx-ds
ports:
- name: http
port: 80
targetPort: 80
---
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
name: nginx-ds
labels:
addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
spec:
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: nginx-ds
spec:
containers:
- name: my-nginx
image: nginx:1.7.9
ports:
- containerPort: 80
EOF
执行测试
[root@k8s-master01 work]# kubectl create -f nginx-ds.yml
3）检查各节点的 Pod IP 连通性
稍微等一会儿，或者或刷几次下面的命令，才会显示出Pod的IP信息
[root@k8s-master01 work]# kubectl get pods -o wide|grep nginx-ds
nginx-ds-4lf8z 1/1 Running 0 46s 172.30.56.2 k8s-node02 <none> <none>
nginx-ds-6kfsw 1/1 Running 0 46s 172.30.72.2 k8s-node03 <none> <none>
nginx-ds-xqdgw 1/1 Running 0 46s 172.30.88.2 k8s-node01 <none> <none>
可见，nginx-ds的 Pod IP分别是 172.30.56.2、172.30.72.2、172.30.88.2，在所有 Node 上分别 ping 这三个 IP，看是否连通：
[root@k8s-master01 work]# source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
[root@k8s-master01 work]# for node_node_ip in ${NODE_NODE_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_node_ip}"
ssh ${node_node_ip} "ping -c 1 172.30.56.2"
ssh ${node_node_ip} "ping -c 1 172.30.72.2"
ssh ${node_node_ip} "ping -c 1 172.30.88.2"
done
预期输出结果：
>>> 172.16.60.244
PING 172.30.56.2 (172.30.56.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 172.30.56.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=0.542 ms
--- 172.30.56.2 ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.542/0.542/0.542/0.000 ms
PING 172.30.72.2 (172.30.72.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 172.30.72.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=0.654 ms
--- 172.30.72.2 ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.654/0.654/0.654/0.000 ms
PING 172.30.88.2 (172.30.88.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 172.30.88.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.103 ms
--- 172.30.88.2 ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.103/0.103/0.103/0.000 ms
>>> 172.16.60.245
PING 172.30.56.2 (172.30.56.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 172.30.56.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.106 ms
--- 172.30.56.2 ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.106/0.106/0.106/0.000 ms
PING 172.30.72.2 (172.30.72.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 172.30.72.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=0.408 ms
--- 172.30.72.2 ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.408/0.408/0.408/0.000 ms
PING 172.30.88.2 (172.30.88.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 172.30.88.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=0.345 ms
--- 172.30.88.2 ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.345/0.345/0.345/0.000 ms
>>> 172.16.60.246
PING 172.30.56.2 (172.30.56.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 172.30.56.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=0.350 ms
--- 172.30.56.2 ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.350/0.350/0.350/0.000 ms
PING 172.30.72.2 (172.30.72.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 172.30.72.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.105 ms
--- 172.30.72.2 ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.105/0.105/0.105/0.000 ms
PING 172.30.88.2 (172.30.88.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 172.30.88.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=0.584 ms
--- 172.30.88.2 ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.584/0.584/0.584/0.000 ms
4）检查服务 IP 和端口可达性
[root@k8s-master01 work]# kubectl get svc |grep nginx-ds
nginx-ds NodePort 10.254.41.83 <none> 80:30876/TCP 4m24s
可见：
Service Cluster IP：10.254.41.83
服务端口：80
NodePort 端口：30876
在所有 Node 上 curl Service IP：
[root@k8s-master01 work]# source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
[root@k8s-master01 work]# for node_node_ip in ${NODE_NODE_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_node_ip}"
ssh ${node_node_ip} "curl -s 10.254.41.83"
done
预期输出: nginx欢迎页面内容。
5）检查服务的 NodePort 可达性
在所有 Node 上执行：
[root@k8s-master01 work]# source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
[root@k8s-master01 work]# for node_node_ip in ${NODE_NODE_IPS[@]}
do
echo ">>> ${node_node_ip}"
ssh ${node_node_ip} "curl -s ${node_node_ip}:30876"
done
预期输出: nginx 欢迎页面内容。
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配置背景介绍 kubernetes是google开源的容器集群管理系统,提供应用部署.维护.扩展机制等功能,利用kubernetes能方便管理跨集群运行容器化的应用,简称:k8s(k与s之间有8个字母) 为什么要用kubernetes这么复杂的docker集群管理工具呢?一开始接触了docker内置的swarm,这个工具非常简单快捷的完成docker集群功能.但是在使用docker1.13内置的swarm做集群的时候遇到vip负载均衡没有正确映射端口到外网,或者出现地址被占用的情况,这对高可用性
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K8s部署发布Golang应用程序的实现方法
目录 创建dockerfile 打包并且推送 创建namespace 创建deployment 创建service 创建ingress 创建hpa alertGo程序可以参考上篇文章,主要用于alertmanager实现钉钉报警 创建dockerfile FROM golang:1.14-alpine ENV GOPROXY=https://goproxy.cn WORKDIR /build COPY . . EXPOSE 8088 RUN mkdir /app RUN go mod tidy
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Kubernetes(K8S)容器集群管理环境完整部署详细教程-上篇
Kubernetes(通常称为"K8S")是Google开源的容器集群管理系统.其设计目标是在主机集群之间提供一个能够自动化部署.可拓展.应用容器可运营的平台.Kubernetes通常结合docker容器工具工作,并且整合多个运行着docker容器的主机集群,Kubernetes不仅仅支持Docker,还支持Rocket,这是另一种容器技术.Kubernetes是一个用于容器集群的自动化部署.扩容以及运维的开源平台. 本文系列: Kubernetes(K8S)容器集群管理环境完整部署详
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Docker学习笔记之k8s部署方法
本文记录了如何在ubuntu 14.04裸机上部署k8s集群,参考自官方文档. 拓扑结构 1master + 2minion k8s-master 192.168.0.201 master k8s-node1 192.168.0.202 minion k8s-node2 192.168.0.203 minion 准备工作系统 安装Ubuntu 14.04 LTS 64bit server版本系统,配置好hostname和ip. 在更新国内的软件源的时候,由于GFW的原因,经常会出现md5校验错误
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Kubernetes(k8s)基础介绍
之前我一直想学习Kubernetes,因为它听起来很有意思(如果你是希腊人,你会觉得这个名字很有问题),但我从来没有机会,因为我没有任何东西需要运行在集群中.而最近,我的工作中开始逐步涉及Kubernetes相关的事情,所以这次我抓住机会,开始查资料,但后来我发现目前所有的资料(包括官方教程)都过于冗长,结构也不合理,这让我一开始有点沮丧. 经过几天的研究,我开始逐步理解Kubernetes的核心理念,并且把他部署到了生产环境中.因为我的简历现在说自己是个"Kubernetes专家",
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基于Docker+K8S+GitLab/SVN+Jenkins+Harbor搭建持续集成交付环境的详细教程
环境搭建概述 亲爱的家人们可以到链接:http://xiazai.jb51.net/202105/yuanma/javayaml_jb51.rar 下载所需要的yaml文件. 1.K8S是什么? K8S全称是Kubernetes,是一个全新的基于容器技术的分布式架构领先方案,基于容器技术,目的是实现资源管理的自动化,以及跨多个数据中心的资源利用率的最大化. 如果我们的系统设计遵循了kubernetes的设计思想,那么传统系统架构中那些和业务没有多大关系的底层代码或功能模块,都可以使用K8S来管
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Kubernetes(K8S)容器集群管理环境完整部署详细教程-中篇
本文系列: Kubernetes(K8S)容器集群管理环境完整部署详细教程-上篇 Kubernetes(K8S)容器集群管理环境完整部署详细教程-中篇 Kubernetes(K8S)容器集群管理环境完整部署详细教程-下篇 接着Kubernetes(K8S)容器集群管理环境完整部署详细教程-上篇继续往下部署: 八.部署master节点 master节点的kube-apiserver.kube-scheduler 和 kube-controller-manager 均以多实例模式运行:kube-sc
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Spring Boot 开发环境热部署详细教程
在实际的项目开发过中,当我们修改了某个java类文件时,需要手动重新编译.然后重新启动程序的,整个过程比较麻烦,特别是项目启动慢的时候,更是影响开发效率.其实Spring Boot的项目碰到这种情况,同样也同样需要经历重新编译.重新启动程序的过程. 只不过 Spring Boot 提供了一个spring-boot-devtools的模块,使得 Spring Boot应用支持热部署,无需手动重启Spring Boot应用,,提高开发者的开发效率.接下来,聊一聊Spring Boot 开发环境热部署
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k8s入门-集群组件介绍
目录 k8s是谷歌以Borg为前身,基于谷歌15年生产环境经验的基础上开源的一个项目. k8s致力于提供跨主机集群的自动部署.扩展.高可用以及运行应用程序容器的平台. k8s集群包含master节点和node节点,是一个主从架构,通常我们会用3台服务器已高可用的形式作为主节点,不进行业务部署(可以设置要不要在主节点上部署应用):从节点作为工作节点. 以下为集群组件及功能: master节点:集群的控制中枢 kube-apiserver:集群的控制中枢,各模块间信息交互需要经过kube-apise
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k8s入门集群组件介绍及概念理解
目录 master节点:集群的控制中枢 node节点:工作节点,也叫worker节点 kube-system命名空间:系统组件pod k8s是谷歌以Borg为前身,基于谷歌15年生产环境经验的基础上开源的一个项目. k8s致力于提供跨主机集群的自动部署.扩展.高可用以及运行应用程序容器的平台. k8s集群包含master节点和node节点,是一个主从架构,通常我们会用3台服务器已高可用的形式作为主节点,不进行业务部署(可以设置要不要在主节点上部署应用):从节点作为工作节点. 以下为集群组件及功能
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在Ubuntu 16.04上用Docker Swarm和DigitalOcean创建一个Docker容器集群的方法
介绍 Docker Swarm是用于部署Docker主机集群的Docker本地解决方案.您可以使用它来快速部署在本地计算机或受支持的云平台上运行的Docker主机集群. 在Docker 1.12之前,设置和部署Docker主机集群需要使用外部键值存储(如etcd或Consul)来进行服务发现.但是,使用Docker 1.12,不再需要外部发现服务,因为Docker提供了一个内置的键值存储,可以开箱即用. 在本教程中,您将了解如何使用Docker 1.12上的Swarm功能部署一组Docker机器
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Docker-Compose 容器集群的快速编排方法
目录 Docker-Compose 容器集群的快速编排 Docker-compose 简介 compose 部署 Docker Compose 环境安装 YAML 文件格式及编写注意事项 Docker compose 常用命令字段 编写Docker Compose搭建lnmp论坛 配置mysql 配置php Docker-Compose 容器集群的快速编排 Docker-compose 简介 Docker-Compose项目是Docker官方的开源项目,负责实现对Docker容器集群的快速编排.
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详解docker搭建redis集群的环境搭建
本文介绍了docker搭建redis集群的环境搭建,分享给大家,废话不多说,具体如下: 下载镜像 docker pull redis 准备配置文件 mkdir /home/docker/redis/ wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/antirez/redis/3.0/redis.conf -O /home/docker/redis/redis.conf cd /home/docker/redis/ sed -i 's/# slaveof <maste
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spring boot + quartz集群搭建的完整步骤
quartz集群能力: quartz集群分为水平集群和垂直集群,水平集群即将定时任务节点部署在不同的服务器,水平集群最大的问题就是时钟同步问题, quartz集群强烈要求时钟同步,若时钟不能同步,则会导致集群中各个节点状态紊乱,造成不可预知的后果,请自行搜索服务器时钟同步, 若能保证时钟同步,水平集群能保证服务的可靠性,其中一个节点挂掉或其中一个服务器宕机,其他节点依然正常服务:垂直集群则是集群各节点部署在同一台服务器, 时钟同步自然不是问题,但存在单点故障问题,服务器宕机会严重影响服务的可用性