如何将postgresql数据库表内数据导出为excel格式(推荐)

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本文主要用于介绍如何使用copy或者\copy命令将postgresql数据库内表的数据导出为excel格式，方便用户查看编辑。

copy命令同\copy命令语法上相同，区别在于copy必须使用能够超级用户使用,copy … to file 中的文件都是数据库服务器所在的服务器上的文件，而\copy 一般用户即可执行且\copy 保存或者读取的文件是在客户端所在的服务器。本文主要以copy命令作为介绍重点，使用copy命令将表内数据倒为csv格式文件即为excel格式。
1、copy命令语法

COPY { 表名 [ ( 列名称 [, ...] ) ] | ( 查询 ) }
TO { '文件名' | PROGRAM '命令' | STDOUT }
 [ [ WITH ] ( 选项 [, ...] ) ]

选项可以是下列内容之一
 FORMAT 格式_名称
 FREEZE [ 布尔 ]
 DELIMITER '分隔字符'
 NULL '空字符串'
 HEADER [ 布尔 ]
 QUOTE '引用字符'
 ESCAPE '转义字符'
 FORCE_QUOTE { ( 列名称 [, ...] ) | * }
 FORCE_NOT_NULL ( 列名称 [, ...] )
 FORCE_NULL ( 列名称 [, ...] )
 ENCODING 'encoding_name(编码名)'

2、多场景使用介绍
①查看现有表数据

test=# select * from test;
user_id | user_name | age | gender |     remark
---------+---------------+-----+--------+----------------------------------------------
  1 | Jackie Chan | 45 | male | "police story","project A","rush hour"
  3 | Brigitte Li | 46 | female |
  4 | Maggie Cheung | 39 | female |
  5 | Jet Li  | 41 | male | "Fist of Legend","Once Upon a Time in China"
  2 | Gong Li  | 38 | female | "Farewell My Concubine","Lifetimes Living"
(5 行记录)

②带列名导出，默认情况下使用，作为分隔符

test=# copy test to '/tmp/test1.csv' with csv header;
COPY 5
test=# \! cat /tmp/test1.csv
user_id,user_name,age,gender,remark
1,Jackie Chan,45,male,"""police story"",""project A"",""rush hour"""
3,Brigitte Li,46,female,
4,Maggie Cheung,39,female,
5,Jet Li,41,male,"""Fist of Legend"",""Once Upon a Time in China"""
2,Gong Li,38,female,"""Farewell My Concubine"",""Lifetimes Living"

③带列名导出，指定使用|作为分隔符

test=# copy test to '/tmp/test1.csv' with csv header DELIMITER '|';
COPY 5
test=# \! cat /tmp/test1.csv
user_id|user_name|age|gender|remark
1|Jackie Chan|45|male|"""police story"",""project A"",""rush hour"""
3|Brigitte Li|46|female|
4|Maggie Cheung|39|female|
5|Jet Li|41|male|"""Fist of Legend"",""Once Upon a Time in China"""
2|Gong Li|38|female|"""Farewell My Concubine"",""Lifetimes Living"

④带列名导出，将空字符替换为指定值导出

test=# copy test to '/tmp/test1.csv' with csv header null 'to be supplemented';
COPY 5
test=# \! cat /tmp/test1.csv
user_id,user_name,age,gender,remark
1,Jackie Chan,45,male,"""police story"",""project A"",""rush hour"""
3,Brigitte Li,46,female,to be supplemented
4,Maggie Cheung,39,female,to be supplemented
5,Jet Li,41,male,"""Fist of Legend"",""Once Upon a Time in China"""
2,Gong Li,38,female,"""Farewell My Concubine"",""Lifetimes Living"

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