Pygame游戏开发之太空射击实战盾牌篇

目录

• 视频
• 添加盾牌
• 伤害玩家
• 盾牌标尺

视频

本课程的视频

添加盾牌

现在，我们的玩家被一颗流星击中就摧毁。这不是很有趣，所以我们要向Player类添加一个shield属性，它是0 - 100 的数字。

class Player(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
    def __init__(self):
        self.speedx = 0
        self.shield = 100

现在，每当玩家被流星击中时，我们可以从盾牌中减去一点。当护盾达到0时，玩家被摧毁。为了让事情变得更有趣，我们可以通过使用流星的radius属性使大型流星比微小流星造成更大的伤害。

在下一个视频中，我们将为玩家添加一些盾牌，这样我们就不会那么容易死亡。

伤害玩家

目前，我们的敌人与玩家碰撞代码非常简单：

    # check to see if a mob hit the player
    hits = pygame.sprite.spritecollide(player, mobs, False, pygame.sprite.collide_circle)
    if hits:
        running = False

我们需要做一些改变：

    # check to see if a mob hit the player
    hits = pygame.sprite.spritecollide(player, mobs, True, pygame.sprite.collide_circle)
    for hit in hits:
        player.shield -= hit.radius * 2
        if player.shield <= 0:
            running = False

我们将 spritecollide函数的参数False更改为True，因为我们希望流星在射中时将其删除。如果我们不这样做，那么流星将继续存在，当它移动时，下一帧就会有另一次碰撞，依此类推。此外，我们有可能同时击中多颗流星，hits其中可以有多个项目。我们通过循环hits，并根据它的半径为每次命中扣除一些盾牌。最后，如果玩家的盾牌达到0，游戏将结束。

您可能已经注意到的一件事是，由于我们正在删除任何击中玩家的敌人，因此，我们正在减少游戏中的敌人总数。我们希望它保持不变，所以每当我们移除一个敌人时，我们都需要生成一个新的敌人。我们是这样生成原始的敌人，如下所示：

for i in range(8):
    m = Mob()
    all_sprites.add(m)
    mobs.add(m)

但，我们需要生成一个新的敌人，这是重复代码，这是一件坏事。相反，我们将 mob 创建代码移动到一个函数中，我们可以在需要时使用它：

def newmob():
    m = Mob()
    all_sprites.add(m)
    mobs.add(m)

现在，我们可以在游戏开始时，当我们射中敌人时，以及当我们需要替换击中玩家的敌人时，都可以使用该函数：

for i in range(8):
    newmob()
# check to see if a bullet hit a mob
hits = pygame.sprite.groupcollide(mobs, bullets, True, True)
for hit in hits:
    score += 50 - hit.radius
    random.choice(expl_sounds).play()
    newmob()
# check to see if a mob hit the player
hits = pygame.sprite.spritecollide(player, mobs, True, pygame.sprite.collide_circle)
for hit in hits:
    player.shield -= hit.radius * 2
    newmob()
    if player.shield <= 0:
        running = False

盾牌标尺

我们有一个盾牌的值，我们需要显示它，但不仅仅是显示数字，我们将制作一个条形图，显示盾牌的满/空：

def draw_shield_bar(surf, x, y, pct):
    if pct < 0:
        pct = 0
    BAR_LENGTH = 100
    BAR_HEIGHT = 10
    fill = (pct / 100) * BAR_LENGTH
    outline_rect = pygame.Rect(x, y, BAR_LENGTH, BAR_HEIGHT)
    fill_rect = pygame.Rect(x, y, fill, BAR_HEIGHT)
    pygame.draw.rect(surf, GREEN, fill_rect)
    pygame.draw.rect(surf, WHITE, outline_rect, 2)

此函数的工作方式与我们之前定义的draw_text函数类似。它将绘制一个长为BAR_LENGTH、高为BAR_HEIGHT 的条形，位于(x, y) 该柱并按pct值填充。我们将绘制两个矩形：第一个矩形将是白色轮廓，第二个矩形是绿色填充部分。我们在游戏循环的绘制部分添加对此函数的调用：

draw_text(screen, str(score), 18, WIDTH / 2, 10)
draw_shield_bar(screen, 5, 5, player.shield)

现在我们可以看到当它下降时我们剩下多少盾牌：

此部分的完整代码

# KidsCanCode - Game Development with Pygame video series
# Shmup game - part 9
# Video link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vvgWfNLgK9c
# Player shield
# Frozen Jam by tgfcoder <https://twitter.com/tgfcoder> licensed under CC-BY-3
# Art from Kenney.nl
import pygame
import random
from os import path
img_dir = path.join(path.dirname(__file__), 'img')
snd_dir = path.join(path.dirname(__file__), 'snd')
WIDTH = 480
HEIGHT = 600
FPS = 60
# define colors
WHITE = (255, 255, 255)
BLACK = (0, 0, 0)
RED = (255, 0, 0)
GREEN = (0, 255, 0)
BLUE = (0, 0, 255)
YELLOW = (255, 255, 0)
# initialize pygame and create window
pygame.init()
pygame.mixer.init()
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((WIDTH, HEIGHT))
pygame.display.set_caption("Shmup!")
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
font_name = pygame.font.match_font('arial')
def draw_text(surf, text, size, x, y):
    font = pygame.font.Font(font_name, size)
    text_surface = font.render(text, True, WHITE)
    text_rect = text_surface.get_rect()
    text_rect.midtop = (x, y)
    surf.blit(text_surface, text_rect)
def newmob():
    m = Mob()
    all_sprites.add(m)
    mobs.add(m)
def draw_shield_bar(surf, x, y, pct):
    if pct < 0:
        pct = 0
    BAR_LENGTH = 100
    BAR_HEIGHT = 10
    fill = (pct / 100) * BAR_LENGTH
    outline_rect = pygame.Rect(x, y, BAR_LENGTH, BAR_HEIGHT)
    fill_rect = pygame.Rect(x, y, fill, BAR_HEIGHT)
    pygame.draw.rect(surf, GREEN, fill_rect)
    pygame.draw.rect(surf, WHITE, outline_rect, 2)
class Player(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
    def __init__(self):
        pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
        self.image = pygame.transform.scale(player_img, (50, 38))
        self.image.set_colorkey(BLACK)
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
        self.radius = 20
        # pygame.draw.circle(self.image, RED, self.rect.center, self.radius)
        self.rect.centerx = WIDTH / 2
        self.rect.bottom = HEIGHT - 10
        self.speedx = 0
        self.shield = 100
    def update(self):
        self.speedx = 0
        keystate = pygame.key.get_pressed()
        if keystate[pygame.K_LEFT]:
            self.speedx = -8
        if keystate[pygame.K_RIGHT]:
            self.speedx = 8
        self.rect.x += self.speedx
        if self.rect.right > WIDTH:
            self.rect.right = WIDTH
        if self.rect.left < 0:
            self.rect.left = 0
    def shoot(self):
        bullet = Bullet(self.rect.centerx, self.rect.top)
        all_sprites.add(bullet)
        bullets.add(bullet)
        shoot_sound.play()
class Mob(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
    def __init__(self):
        pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
        self.image_orig = random.choice(meteor_images)
        self.image_orig.set_colorkey(BLACK)
        self.image = self.image_orig.copy()
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
        self.radius = int(self.rect.width * .85 / 2)
        # pygame.draw.circle(self.image, RED, self.rect.center, self.radius)
        self.rect.x = random.randrange(WIDTH - self.rect.width)
        self.rect.bottom = random.randrange(-80, -20)
        self.speedy = random.randrange(1, 8)
        self.speedx = random.randrange(-3, 3)
        self.rot = 0
        self.rot_speed = random.randrange(-8, 8)
        self.last_update = pygame.time.get_ticks()
    def rotate(self):
        now = pygame.time.get_ticks()
        if now - self.last_update > 50:
            self.last_update = now
            self.rot = (self.rot + self.rot_speed) % 360
            new_image = pygame.transform.rotate(self.image_orig, self.rot)
            old_center = self.rect.center
            self.image = new_image
            self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
            self.rect.center = old_center
    def update(self):
        self.rotate()
        self.rect.x += self.speedx
        self.rect.y += self.speedy
        if self.rect.top > HEIGHT + 10 or self.rect.left < -100 or self.rect.right > WIDTH + 100:
            self.rect.x = random.randrange(WIDTH - self.rect.width)
            self.rect.y = random.randrange(-100, -40)
            self.speedy = random.randrange(1, 8)
class Bullet(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
    def __init__(self, x, y):
        pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
        self.image = bullet_img
        self.image.set_colorkey(BLACK)
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
        self.rect.bottom = y
        self.rect.centerx = x
        self.speedy = -10
    def update(self):
        self.rect.y += self.speedy
        # kill if it moves off the top of the screen
        if self.rect.bottom < 0:
            self.kill()
# Load all game graphics
background = pygame.image.load(path.join(img_dir, "starfield.png")).convert()
background_rect = background.get_rect()
player_img = pygame.image.load(path.join(img_dir, "playerShip1_orange.png")).convert()
bullet_img = pygame.image.load(path.join(img_dir, "laserRed16.png")).convert()
meteor_images = []
meteor_list = ['meteorBrown_big1.png', 'meteorBrown_med1.png', 'meteorBrown_med1.png',
               'meteorBrown_med3.png', 'meteorBrown_small1.png', 'meteorBrown_small2.png',
               'meteorBrown_tiny1.png']
for img in meteor_list:
    meteor_images.append(pygame.image.load(path.join(img_dir, img)).convert())
# Load all game sounds
shoot_sound = pygame.mixer.Sound(path.join(snd_dir, 'pew.wav'))
expl_sounds = []
for snd in ['expl3.wav', 'expl6.wav']:
    expl_sounds.append(pygame.mixer.Sound(path.join(snd_dir, snd)))
pygame.mixer.music.load(path.join(snd_dir, 'tgfcoder-FrozenJam-SeamlessLoop.ogg'))
pygame.mixer.music.set_volume(0.4)
all_sprites = pygame.sprite.Group()
mobs = pygame.sprite.Group()
bullets = pygame.sprite.Group()
player = Player()
all_sprites.add(player)
for i in range(8):
    newmob()
score = 0
pygame.mixer.music.play(loops=-1)
# Game loop
running = True
while running:
    # keep loop running at the right speed
    clock.tick(FPS)
    # Process input (events)
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        # check for closing window
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
            running = False
        elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
            if event.key == pygame.K_SPACE:
                player.shoot()
    # Update
    all_sprites.update()
    # check to see if a bullet hit a mob
    hits = pygame.sprite.groupcollide(mobs, bullets, True, True)
    for hit in hits:
        score += 50 - hit.radius
        random.choice(expl_sounds).play()
        newmob()
    # check to see if a mob hit the player
    hits = pygame.sprite.spritecollide(player, mobs, True, pygame.sprite.collide_circle)
    for hit in hits:
        player.shield -= hit.radius * 2
        newmob()
        if player.shield <= 0:
            running = False
    # Draw / render
    screen.fill(BLACK)
    screen.blit(background, background_rect)
    all_sprites.draw(screen)
    draw_text(screen, str(score), 18, WIDTH / 2, 10)
    draw_shield_bar(screen, 5, 5, player.shield)
    # *after* drawing everything, flip the display
    pygame.display.flip()
pygame.quit()

第10部分：爆炸

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