C++解析wav文件方法介绍

目录

• 一、前言
• 二、接口
• 三、具体步骤
• 四、完整源码

一、前言

一开始本来在网上找代码，不过改了好几个都不是很好用。因为很多wav文件的fmt块后面并不是data块，经常还带有其他块，正确的方法应该是按MSDN的方法，找到data块再读取。

二、接口

最后接口如下：

class AudioReader
{
public:
	struct PCM
	{
		int _numChannel;//通道数 1,2 AL_FORMAT_MONO8,AL_FORMAT_STEREO8
		int _bitPerSample;//采样数 8,16
		byte* _data;
		size_t _size;
		size_t _freq;//采样率
		void Delete() { delete[] _data; }
	};
	static bool ReadWAV(string_view path_name, PCM& pcm);
};

三、具体步骤

打开文件，这里就是普通的文件流，按二进制、只读打开文件即可：

ifstream ifs;
if (!g_file->GetFile(path_name, ifs))
{
	debug_err(format("打开文件失败：{}", path_name));
	return false;
}

查找riff块：

uint32_t dwChunkSize;
uint32_t dwChunkPosition;
//查找riff块
FindChunk(ifs, fourccRIFF, dwChunkSize, dwChunkPosition);
uint32_t filetype;
ReadChunkData(ifs, &filetype, sizeof(uint32_t), dwChunkPosition);
if (filetype != fourccWAVE)
{
	debug_err(format("匹配标记失败（fourccWAVE）：{}", path_name));
	return false;
}

其中fourccRIFF和fourccWAVE是我们定义的标记，也就是处理了下大小端，如下：

#ifdef DND_ENDIAN_BIG
#define fourccRIFF 'RIFF'
#define fourccDATA 'data'
#define fourccFMT 'fmt '
#define fourccWAVE 'WAVE'
#define fourccXWMA 'XWMA'
#define fourccDPDS 'dpds'
#endif
#ifdef DND_ENDIAN_LITTLE
#define fourccRIFF 'FFIR'
#define fourccDATA 'atad'
#define fourccFMT ' tmf'
#define fourccWAVE 'EVAW'
#define fourccXWMA 'AMWX'
#define fourccDPDS 'sdpd'
#endif

而FindChunk和ReadChunkData两个函数，分别是查找一个块，和读取一个块。代码实现有点长，可以参考后面我给出的完整源码。

接着，查找并读取fmt块，这个块描述了wav文件的音频属性，结构如下（部分字段会用到）：

//16字节
struct WAVEFormat
{
	int16_t audioFormat;
	int16_t numChannels;
	int32_t sampleRate;
	int32_t byteRate;
	int16_t blockAlign;
	int16_t bitsPerSample;
};

//查找fmt块
if (!FindChunk(ifs, fourccFMT, dwChunkSize, dwChunkPosition))
{
	debug_err(format("查找块失败（fourccFMT）：{}", path_name));
	return false;
}
//读wave信息
WAVEFormat wave_format;
if (!ReadChunkData(ifs, &wave_format, dwChunkSize, dwChunkPosition))
{
	debug_err(format("读取块失败（wave_format）：{}", path_name));
	return false;
};

接下来查找data块，根据返回的大小分配内存：

//查找音频数据
if (!FindChunk(ifs, fourccDATA, dwChunkSize, dwChunkPosition))
{
	debug_err(format("查找块失败（fourccDATA）：{}", path_name));
	return false;
};
pcm._data = new byte[dwChunkSize];

然后读取data块，将数据读取到我们分配的内存pcm._data。然后记录下一些重要的字段。由于OpenaAL不能直接播放32位（只8、16）的数据，这里简单返回失败。

if (!ReadChunkData(ifs, pcm._data, dwChunkSize, dwChunkPosition))
{
	debug_err(format("读取块失败（pcm数据）：{}", path_name));
	pcm.Delete();
	return false;
};
pcm._size = dwChunkSize;
pcm._numChannel = wave_format.numChannels;
pcm._bitPerSample = wave_format.bitsPerSample;
pcm._freq = wave_format.sampleRate;
if (pcm._bitPerSample == 32)
{
	debug_err(format("不支持32位：{}", path_name));
	pcm.Delete();
	return false;
}
return true;

四、完整源码

可以此处获取最新的源码（我将来会添加ogg格式的解析），也可以用下面的：传送门

//.h
class AudioReader
{
public:
	struct PCM
	{
		int _numChannel;//通道数 1,2 AL_FORMAT_MONO8,AL_FORMAT_STEREO8
		int _bitPerSample;//采样数 8,16
		byte* _data;
		size_t _size;
		size_t _freq;//采样率
		void Delete() { delete[] _data; }
	};
	static bool ReadWAV(string_view path_name, PCM& pcm);
};
//16字节
struct WAVEFormat
{
	int16_t audioFormat;
	int16_t numChannels;
	int32_t sampleRate;
	int32_t byteRate;
	int16_t blockAlign;
	int16_t bitsPerSample;
};
//.cpp
#ifdef DND_ENDIAN_BIG
#define fourccRIFF 'RIFF'
#define fourccDATA 'data'
#define fourccFMT 'fmt '
#define fourccWAVE 'WAVE'
#define fourccXWMA 'XWMA'
#define fourccDPDS 'dpds'
#endif
#ifdef DND_ENDIAN_LITTLE
#define fourccRIFF 'FFIR'
#define fourccDATA 'atad'
#define fourccFMT ' tmf'
#define fourccWAVE 'EVAW'
#define fourccXWMA 'AMWX'
#define fourccDPDS 'sdpd'
#endif
bool FindChunk(ifstream& ifs, uint32_t fourcc, uint32_t& size, uint32_t& pos)
{
	bool ret = true;
	ifs.seekg(0);
	if (ifs.fail())
		return false;
	uint32_t dwChunkType;
	uint32_t dwChunkDataSize;
	uint32_t dwRIFFDataSize = 0;
	uint32_t dwFileType;
	uint32_t bytesRead = 0;
	uint32_t dwOffset = 0;
	while (ret)
	{
		ifs.read((char*)&dwChunkType, sizeof(uint32_t));
		ifs.read((char*)&dwChunkDataSize, sizeof(uint32_t));
		switch (dwChunkType)
		{
		case fourccRIFF:
			dwRIFFDataSize = dwChunkDataSize;
			dwChunkDataSize = 4;
			ifs.read((char*)&dwFileType, sizeof(uint32_t));
			break;
		default:
			ifs.seekg(dwChunkDataSize, std::ios::cur);
			if (ifs.fail())
				return false;
			break;
		}
		dwOffset += sizeof(uint32_t) * 2;
		if (dwChunkType == fourcc)
		{
			size = dwChunkDataSize;
			pos = dwOffset;
			return true;
		}
		dwOffset += dwChunkDataSize;
		if (bytesRead >= dwRIFFDataSize)
			return false;
	}
	return true;
}
bool ReadChunkData(ifstream& ifs, void* buffer, uint32_t size, uint32_t pos)
{
	ifs.seekg(pos);
	if (ifs.fail())
		return false;
	ifs.read((char*)buffer, size);
	return true;
}
bool AudioReader::ReadWAV(string_view path_name, PCM& pcm)
{
	ifstream ifs;
	if (!g_file->GetFile(path_name, ifs))
	{
		debug_err(format("打开文件失败：{}", path_name));
		return false;
	}
	uint32_t dwChunkSize;
	uint32_t dwChunkPosition;
	//查找riff块
	FindChunk(ifs, fourccRIFF, dwChunkSize, dwChunkPosition);
	uint32_t filetype;
	ReadChunkData(ifs, &filetype, sizeof(uint32_t), dwChunkPosition);
	if (filetype != fourccWAVE)
	{
		debug_err(format("匹配标记失败（fourccWAVE）：{}", path_name));
		return false;
	}
	//查找fmt块
	if (!FindChunk(ifs, fourccFMT, dwChunkSize, dwChunkPosition))
	{
		debug_err(format("查找块失败（fourccFMT）：{}", path_name));
		return false;
	}
	//读wave信息
	WAVEFormat wave_format;
	if (!ReadChunkData(ifs, &wave_format, dwChunkSize, dwChunkPosition))
	{
		debug_err(format("读取块失败（wave_format）：{}", path_name));
		return false;
	};
	//查找音频数据
	if (!FindChunk(ifs, fourccDATA, dwChunkSize, dwChunkPosition))
	{
		debug_err(format("查找块失败（fourccDATA）：{}", path_name));
		return false;
	};
	pcm._data = new byte[dwChunkSize];
	if (!ReadChunkData(ifs, pcm._data, dwChunkSize, dwChunkPosition))
	{
		debug_err(format("读取块失败（pcm数据）：{}", path_name));
		pcm.Delete();
		return false;
	};
	pcm._size = dwChunkSize;
	pcm._numChannel = wave_format.numChannels;
	pcm._bitPerSample = wave_format.bitsPerSample;
	pcm._freq = wave_format.sampleRate;
	if (pcm._bitPerSample == 32)
	{
		debug_err(format("不支持32位：{}", path_name));
		pcm.Delete();
		return false;
	}
	return true;
}

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