python使用在线API查询IP对应的地理位置信息实例

这篇文章中的内容是来源于去年我用美国的VPS搭建博客的初始阶段，那是有很多恶意访问，我就根据access log中的源IP来进行了很多统计，同时我也将访问量最高的恶意访问的源IP拿来查询其地理位置信息。所以，我就用到了根据IP查询地理位置信息的一些东西，现在将这方面积累的一点东西共享出来。

根据IP查询所在地、运营商等信息的一些API如下（根据我有限的一点经验）：
1. 淘宝的API（推荐）：http://ip.taobao.com/service/getIpInfo.php?ip=110.84.0.129
2. 国外freegeoip.net（推荐）：http://freegeoip.net/json/110.84.0.129 这个还提供了经纬度信息（但不一定准）
3. 新浪的API：http://int.dpool.sina.com.cn/iplookup/iplookup.php?format=json&ip=110.84.0.129
4. 腾讯的网页查询：http://ip.qq.com/cgi-bin/searchip?searchip1=110.84.0.129
5. ip.cn的网页：http://www.ip.cn/index.php?ip=110.84.0.129
6. ip-api.com： http://ip-api.com/json/110.84.0.129 （看起来挺不错的，貌似直接返回中文城市信息，文档在 ip-api.com/docs/api:json）
7. http://www.locatorhq.com/ip-to-location-api/documentation.php （这个要注册才能使用，还没用过呢）

（第2个freegeoip.net的网站和IP数据的生成，代码在：https://github.com/fiorix/freegeoip）

为什么其中第4、5两个是网页查询也推荐了呢？是因为两方面原因，一是它们提供的信息比较准，二是使用了页面信息自动抓取（可能会用到我曾经写过的PhantomJS）也容易将其写到程序中成为API。

根据IP查询地理位置信息，我将其写成了一个较为通用的Python库（提供了前面提到的1、2、4、5等4种查询方式的API），可以根据IP查询到地域信息和ISP信息，具体代码见：
https://github.com/smilejay/python/blob/master/py2013/iplocation.py
注意其中对ip.cn网页的解析用到了webdriver和PhantomJS.

代码如下:

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

'''
Created on Oct 20, 2013
@summary: geography info about an IP address
@author: Jay <smile665@gmail.com> http://smilejay.com/
'''

import json, urllib2
import re
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.desired_capabilities import DesiredCapabilities

class location_freegeoip():
    '''
build the mapping of the ip address and its location.
the geo info is from <freegeoip.net>
'''

def __init__(self, ip):
        '''
Constructor of location_freegeoip class
'''
        self.ip = ip
        self.api_format = 'json'
        self.api_url = 'http://freegeoip.net/%s/%s' % (self.api_format, self.ip)

def get_geoinfo(self):
        """ get the geo info from the remote API.
return a dict about the location.
"""
        urlobj = urllib2.urlopen(self.api_url)
        data = urlobj.read()
        datadict = json.loads(data, encoding='utf-8')
# print datadict
        return datadict

def get_country(self):
        key = 'country_name'
        datadict = self.get_geoinfo()
        return datadict[key]

def get_region(self):
        key = 'region_name'
        datadict = self.get_geoinfo()
        return datadict[key]

def get_city(self):
        key = 'city'
        datadict = self.get_geoinfo()
        return datadict[key]

class location_taobao():
    '''
build the mapping of the ip address and its location
the geo info is from Taobao
e.g. http://ip.taobao.com/service/getIpInfo.php?ip=112.111.184.63
The getIpInfo API from Taobao returns a JSON object.
'''
    def __init__(self, ip):
        self.ip = ip
        self.api_url = 'http://ip.taobao.com/service/getIpInfo.php?ip=%s' % self.ip

def get_geoinfo(self):
        """ get the geo info from the remote API.
return a dict about the location.
"""
        urlobj = urllib2.urlopen(self.api_url)
        data = urlobj.read()
        datadict = json.loads(data, encoding='utf-8')
# print datadict
        return datadict['data']

def get_country(self):
        key = u'country'
        datadict = self.get_geoinfo()
        return datadict[key]

def get_region(self):
        key = 'region'
        datadict = self.get_geoinfo()
        return datadict[key]

def get_city(self):
        key = 'city'
        datadict = self.get_geoinfo()
        return datadict[key]

def get_isp(self):
        key = 'isp'
        datadict = self.get_geoinfo()
        return datadict[key]

class location_qq():
    '''
build the mapping of the ip address and its location.
the geo info is from Tencent.
Note: the content of the Tencent's API return page is encoded by 'gb2312'.
e.g. http://ip.qq.com/cgi-bin/searchip?searchip1=112.111.184.64
'''
    def __init__(self, ip):
        '''
Construction of location_ipdotcn class.
'''
        self.ip = ip
        self.api_url = 'http://ip.qq.com/cgi-bin/searchip?searchip1=%s' % ip

def get_geoinfo(self):
        urlobj = urllib2.urlopen(self.api_url)
        data = urlobj.read().decode('gb2312').encode('utf8')
        pattern = re.compile(r'该IP所在地为：<span>(.+)</span>')
        m = re.search(pattern, data)
        if m != None:
            return m.group(1).split(' ')
        else:
            return None

def get_region(self):
        return self.get_geoinfo()[0]

def get_isp(self):
        return self.get_geoinfo()[1]

class location_ipdotcn():
    '''
build the mapping of the ip address and its location.
the geo info is from www.ip.cn
need to use PhantomJS to open the URL to render its JS
'''
    def __init__(self, ip):
        '''
Construction of location_ipdotcn class.
'''
        self.ip = ip
        self.api_url = 'http://www.ip.cn/%s' % ip

def get_geoinfo(self):
        dcap = dict(DesiredCapabilities.PHANTOMJS)
        dcap["phantomjs.page.settings.userAgent"] = (
            "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.9; rv:25.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/29.0 " )
        driver = webdriver.PhantomJS(executable_path='/usr/local/bin/phantomjs', desired_capabilities=dcap)
        driver.get(self.api_url)
        text = driver.find_element_by_xpath('//div[@id="result"]/div/p').text
        res = text.split('来自：')[1].split(' ')
        driver.quit()
        return res

def get_region(self):
        return self.get_geoinfo()[0]

def get_isp(self):
        return self.get_geoinfo()[1]

if __name__ == '__main__':
    ip = '110.84.0.129'
# iploc = location_taobao(ip)
# print iploc.get_geoinfo()
# print iploc.get_country()
# print iploc.get_region()
# print iploc.get_city()
# print iploc.get_isp()
# iploc = location_qq(ip)
    iploc = location_ipdotcn(ip)
# iploc.get_geoinfo()
    print iploc.get_region()
    print iploc.get_isp()