详解Android MacAddress 适配心得

android 6.0以下mac地址获取

我们获取mac地址一般都是这样写的：

 /**
   * 根据wifi信息获取本地mac
   * @param context
   * @return
   */
  public static String getLocalMacAddressFromWifiInfo(Context context){
    WifiManager wifi = (WifiManager) context.getSystemService(Context.WIFI_SERVICE);
    WifiInfo winfo = wifi.getConnectionInfo();
    String mac = winfo.getMacAddress();
    return mac;
  }

android 6.0及以上、7.0以下

Android 6.0以后 将不再能通过 wifimanager 获取mac，获取到的mac将是固定的：02:00:00:00:00:00 。

然而我开发的sdk就是通过wifimanager获取的mac。

android sdk后来做了6.0适配，通过cat /sys/class/net/wlan0/address，可以在6.0上获取mac地址。

 /**
   * 获取mac地址
   * @param context
   * @return
   */
  public static  String getMacAddress(Context context){

    //如果是6.0以下，直接通过wifimanager获取
    if(Build.VERSION.SDK_INT<Build.VERSION_CODES.M){
      String macAddress0 = getMacAddress0(context);
      if(!TextUtils.isEmpty(macAddress0)){
        return macAddress0;
      }
    }

    String str="";
    String macSerial="";
    try {
      Process pp = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(
          "cat /sys/class/net/wlan0/address");
      InputStreamReader ir = new InputStreamReader(pp.getInputStream());
      LineNumberReader input = new LineNumberReader(ir);

      for (; null != str;) {
        str = input.readLine();
        if (str != null) {
          macSerial = str.trim();// 去空格
          break;
        }
      }
    } catch (Exception ex) {
      Log.e("----->" + "NetInfoManager", "getMacAddress:" + ex.toString());
    }
    if (macSerial == null || "".equals(macSerial)) {
      try {
        return loadFileAsString("/sys/class/net/eth0/address")
            .toUpperCase().substring(0, 17);
      } catch (Exception e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
        Log.e("----->" + "NetInfoManager", "getMacAddress:" + e.toString());
      }

    }
    return macSerial;
  }

   private static  String getMacAddress0(Context context) {
    if (isAccessWifiStateAuthorized(context)) {
      WifiManager wifiMgr = (WifiManager) context
          .getSystemService(Context.WIFI_SERVICE);
      WifiInfo wifiInfo = null;
      try {
        wifiInfo = wifiMgr.getConnectionInfo();
        return wifiInfo.getMacAddress();
      } catch (Exception e) {
        Log.e("----->" + "NetInfoManager", "getMacAddress0:" + e.toString());
      }

    }
    return "";

  }

  /**
   * Check whether accessing wifi state is permitted
   *
   * @param context
   * @return
   */
  private static boolean isAccessWifiStateAuthorized(Context context) {
    if (PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED == context
        .checkCallingOrSelfPermission("android.permission.ACCESS_WIFI_STATE")) {
      Log.e("----->" + "NetInfoManager", "isAccessWifiStateAuthorized:" + "access wifi state is enabled");
      return true;
    } else
      return false;
  }

  private static String loadFileAsString(String fileName) throws Exception {
    FileReader reader = new FileReader(fileName);
    String text = loadReaderAsString(reader);
    reader.close();
    return text;
  }
  private static  String loadReaderAsString(Reader reader) throws Exception {
    StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
    char[] buffer = new char[4096];
    int readLength = reader.read(buffer);
    while (readLength >= 0) {
      builder.append(buffer, 0, readLength);
      readLength = reader.read(buffer);
    }
    return builder.toString();
  }

android 7.0及以上

android 7.0 后，通过上述适配的方法，将获取不到mac地址。

经过调研和测试，7.0上仍有办法回去mac地址：

（1）通过ip地址来获取绑定的mac地址

 /**
   * 获取移动设备本地IP
   * @return
   */
  private static InetAddress getLocalInetAddress() {
    InetAddress ip = null;
    try {
      //列举
      Enumeration<NetworkInterface> en_netInterface = NetworkInterface.getNetworkInterfaces();
      while (en_netInterface.hasMoreElements()) {//是否还有元素
        NetworkInterface ni = (NetworkInterface) en_netInterface.nextElement();//得到下一个元素
        Enumeration<InetAddress> en_ip = ni.getInetAddresses();//得到一个ip地址的列举
        while (en_ip.hasMoreElements()) {
          ip = en_ip.nextElement();
          if (!ip.isLoopbackAddress() && ip.getHostAddress().indexOf(":") == -1)
            break;
          else
            ip = null;
        }

        if (ip != null) {
          break;
        }
      }
    } catch (SocketException e) {

      e.printStackTrace();
    }
    return ip;
  }

  /**
   * 获取本地IP
   * @return
   */
  private static String getLocalIpAddress() {
    try {
      for (Enumeration<NetworkInterface> en = NetworkInterface
          .getNetworkInterfaces(); en.hasMoreElements();) {
        NetworkInterface intf = en.nextElement();
        for (Enumeration<InetAddress> enumIpAddr = intf
            .getInetAddresses(); enumIpAddr.hasMoreElements();) {
          InetAddress inetAddress = enumIpAddr.nextElement();
          if (!inetAddress.isLoopbackAddress()) {
            return inetAddress.getHostAddress().toString();
          }
        }
      }
    } catch (SocketException ex) {
      ex.printStackTrace();
    }
    return null;
  }

  /**
   * 根据IP地址获取MAC地址
   * @return
   */
  public static String getMacAddress(){
    String strMacAddr = null;
    try {
      //获得IpD地址
      InetAddress ip = getLocalInetAddress();
      byte[] b = NetworkInterface.getByInetAddress(ip).getHardwareAddress();
      StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();
      for (int i = 0; i < b.length; i++) {
        if (i != 0) { buffer.append(':');
        }
        String str = Integer.toHexString(b[i] & 0xFF);
        buffer.append(str.length() == 1 ? 0 + str : str);
      }
      strMacAddr = buffer.toString().toUpperCase();
    } catch (Exception e) {

    }

    return strMacAddr;
  }

（2）扫描各个网络接口获取mac地址

 /**
   * 获取设备HardwareAddress地址
   * @return
   */
  public static String getMachineHardwareAddress(){
    Enumeration<NetworkInterface> interfaces = null;
    try {
      interfaces = NetworkInterface.getNetworkInterfaces();
    } catch (SocketException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    }
    String hardWareAddress = null;
    NetworkInterface iF = null;
    while (interfaces.hasMoreElements()) {
      iF = interfaces.nextElement();
      try {
        hardWareAddress = bytesToString(iF.getHardwareAddress());
        if(hardWareAddress != null)
          break;
      } catch (SocketException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
      }
    }
    return hardWareAddress ;
  }

  /***
   * byte转为String
   * @param bytes
   * @return
   */
  private static String bytesToString(byte[] bytes){
    if (bytes == null || bytes.length == 0) {
      return null ;
    }
    StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder();
    for (byte b : bytes) {
      buf.append(String.format("%02X:", b));
    }
    if (buf.length() > 0) {
      buf.deleteCharAt(buf.length() - 1);
    }
    return buf.toString();
  }

（3）通过busybox获取本地存储的mac地址

 /**
   * 根据busybox获取本地Mac
   * @return
   */
  public static String getLocalMacAddressFromBusybox(){
    String result = "";
    String Mac = "";
    result = callCmd("busybox ifconfig","HWaddr");
    //如果返回的result == null，则说明网络不可取
    if(result==null){
      return "网络异常";
    }
    //对该行数据进行解析
    //例如：eth0   Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:16:E8:3E:DF:67
    if(result.length()>0 && result.contains("HWaddr")==true){
      Mac = result.substring(result.indexOf("HWaddr")+6, result.length()-1);
      result = Mac;
    }
    return result;
  }

  private static String callCmd(String cmd,String filter) {
    String result = "";
    String line = "";
    try {
      Process proc = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(cmd);
      InputStreamReader is = new InputStreamReader(proc.getInputStream());
      BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader (is);

      while ((line = br.readLine ()) != null && line.contains(filter)== false) {
        result += line;
      }

      result = line;
    }
    catch(Exception e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    }
    return result;
  }

 对比效果截图

上述三种方法，对比我开发的sdk现在使用的方法以及通过wifimanager获取mac地址的方法，效果如下（7.0设备有限，只覆盖部分机型）：

结论

通过上述对比，通过ip获取mac地址和扫描网络接口获取mac结合使用，可以达到准确的效果。

通过ip获取的mac地址优先级高，只有在它获取不到的情况下，再使用扫描网络接口获取的mac地址。

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