Python+MySQL随机试卷及答案生成程序的示例代码

一、背景

本文章主要是分享如何使用Python从MySQL数据库中面抽取试题，生成的试卷每一份都不一样。

二、准备工作

1.安装Python3

下载地址：https://www.python.org/downloads/windows/

2.安装库

pip installpython-docx==0.8.10

pip installPyMySQL==1.0.2

3.试题库.xlsx

开发程序前需要先收集试题，本文是将试题收集存放MySQL数据库中，格式如下：

选择题数据库截图：

填空题/解答题/综合题数据库截图：

三、代码

Python+MySQL随机试卷及答案生成程序.py

# _*_ coding:utf-8 _*_
import random,os,pymysql
from docx import Document
from docx.shared import Inches,Pt
from docx.enum.text import WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH,WD_LINE_SPACING
from docx.oxml.ns import qn
from docx.shared import Inches

class SunckSql():
 def __init__(self, host, user, passwd, dbName='', charset='utf8'):
  self.host = host
  self.user = user
  self.passwd = passwd
  self.dbName = dbName
  self.charset = charset

 def connet(self):
  self.db = pymysql.connect(host=self.host, user=self.user, passwd=self.passwd, db=self.dbName,
         charset=self.charset) # 连接数据库
  self.cursor = self.db.cursor() # 获取操作游标

 def close(self):
  self.cursor.close() # 释放游标
  self.db.close() # 关闭数据库连接

 # 查询
 def get_all(self, sql):
  res = None
  try:
   self.connet()
   self.cursor.execute(sql) # 执行sql语句
   res = self.cursor.fetchall() # 返回查询所有结果
  except Exception as e:
   print('查询失败:%s' % e)
  finally:
   self.close()
  return res

 # 增加、删除、修改
 def shell_sql(self, sql):
  "执行sql语句"
  print(sql)
  count = 0
  try:
   self.connet()
   count = self.cursor.execute(sql) # 执行sql语句
   self.db.commit() # 提交
  except Exception as e:
   print('事务提交失败:%s' % e)
   self.db.rollback() # 如果提交失败，回滚到上一次数据
  finally:
   self.close()
  return count

def router_docx(choice1='', choice2='', choice3='', choice5='', choice6='', choice7='',paper_path='',name='1'):
 "生成网络通信方向试题及答案"
 docx1 = Document()
 docx2 = Document()
 docx1.styles['Normal'].font.name = '宋体'         #选择字体
 docx1.styles['Normal']._element.rPr.rFonts.set(qn('w:eastAsia'), '宋体') #默认字体
 docx1.styles['Normal'].font.size = Pt(11)        #默认字号大小
 docx1.styles['Normal'].paragraph_format.space_before = Pt(0)    #默认段前间距
 docx1.styles['Normal'].paragraph_format.space_after = Pt(0)    #默认段后间距
 docx1.styles['Normal'].paragraph_format.line_spacing_rule = WD_LINE_SPACING.ONE_POINT_FIVE #默认单倍行距
 sec = docx1.sections[0]             # sections对应文档中的“节”
 sec.left_margin = Inches(1)            # 设置左页面边距
 sec.right_margin = Inches(1)            #设置右页面边距
 sec.top_margin = Inches(0.5)            # 设置上页面边距
 sec.bottom_margin = Inches(0.5)           #设置下页面边距

 p=docx1.add_paragraph()             #添加段落
 run = p.add_run('软件测试(网络通信)方向试题(%s)' % name)      #使用add_run添加文字
 run.font.name = '微软雅黑'             #设置字体
 run._element.rPr.rFonts.set(qn('w:eastAsia'), '微软雅黑')     #设置字体
 run.font.size = Pt(18)             #字体大小设置
 p.paragraph_format.alignment = WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.CENTER     #段落文字居中设置
 docx1.add_paragraph('【说明】')           # 添加段落文字
 docx1.add_paragraph('1.笔试时间为60分钟。')
 docx1.add_paragraph('2.请将答案写在答题卡上,且不允许在试题卷上做任何涂写和标记。')
 q=docx2.add_paragraph()             #添加段落
 run = q.add_run('软件测试(网络通信)方向试题答案(%s)' % name)     #使用add_run添加文字
 run.font.name = '微软雅黑'             #设置字体
 run._element.rPr.rFonts.set(qn('w:eastAsia'), '微软雅黑')     #设置字体
 run.font.size = Pt(18)             #字体大小设置
 q.paragraph_format.alignment = WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.CENTER     #段落文字居中设置

 p1 = docx1.add_paragraph()
 p1.paragraph_format.space_before = Pt(12)        #设置段前间距
 docx2.add_paragraph('一、选择题')
 run = p1.add_run('一、选择题（每题3分共45分）')
 run.bold = True               # 字体加粗
 list1=random.sample(range(0,len(choice1)-1),3)       #len范围内获取指定的数量
 x=1
 for y in list1:
  docx1.add_paragraph(str(x)+'、'+choice1[y][1])
  docx1.add_paragraph(choice1[y][2])
  docx1.add_paragraph(choice1[y][3])
  docx1.add_paragraph(choice1[y][4])
  p11=docx1.add_paragraph(choice1[y][5])
  p11.paragraph_format.space_after = Pt(12)       #段后间距
  docx2.add_paragraph(str(x)+'、'+choice1[y][6])
  x+=1

 list2=random.sample(range(0,len(choice2)-1),7)
 x=1
 for y in list2:
  docx1.add_paragraph(str(x+3)+'、'+choice2[y][1])
  docx1.add_paragraph(choice2[y][2])
  docx1.add_paragraph(choice2[y][3])
  docx1.add_paragraph(choice2[y][4])
  p11=docx1.add_paragraph(choice2[y][5])
  p11.paragraph_format.space_after = Pt(12)
  docx2.add_paragraph(str(x+3)+'、'+choice2[y][6])
  x+=1

 list3=random.sample(range(0,len(choice3)-1),5)
 x=1
 for y in list3:
  docx1.add_paragraph(str(x+10)+'、'+choice3[y][1])
  docx1.add_paragraph(choice3[y][2])
  docx1.add_paragraph(choice3[y][3])
  docx1.add_paragraph(choice3[y][4])
  p11=docx1.add_paragraph(choice3[y][5])
  p11.paragraph_format.space_after = Pt(12)
  docx2.add_paragraph(str(x+10)+'、'+choice3[y][6])
  x+=1

 p2 = docx1.add_paragraph()
 p2.paragraph_format.space_before = Pt(12)
 docx2.add_paragraph('二、填空题')
 run = p2.add_run('二、填空题（每题3分，共15分）')
 run.bold = True
 list2 = random.sample(range(0, len(choice5)-1), 5)
 i = 1
 for j in list2:
  docx1.add_paragraph(str(i) + '、' + choice5[j][1])
  docx2.add_paragraph(str(i) + '、' + str(choice5[j][2]))
  i += 1

 p3 = docx1.add_paragraph()
 p3.paragraph_format.space_before = Pt(12)
 docx2.add_paragraph('三、简答题')
 run = p3.add_run('三、简答题（每题10分，共20分）')
 run.bold = True
 list3 = random.sample(range(0, len(choice6)-1), 2)
 n = 1
 for m in list3:
  docx1.add_paragraph(str(n) + '、' + choice6[m][1])
  docx1.add_paragraph('\r')
  docx2.add_paragraph(str(n) + '、' + choice6[m][2])
  n += 1

 p4 = docx1.add_paragraph()
 p4.paragraph_format.space_before = Pt(12)
 docx2.add_paragraph('四、综合题')
 run = p4.add_run('四、综合题（共20分）')
 run.bold = True
 list4 = random.randint(0, len(choice7)-1)
 docx1.add_paragraph('1、' + choice7[list4][1])
 docx2.add_paragraph(choice7[list4][2])

 docx1.save(os.path.join(paper_path, '网络通信试题(%s).docx' % name))    #保存试题
 docx2.save(os.path.join(paper_path, '网络通信试题答案(%s).docx' % name))   #保存答案

def android_docx(choice1, choice2, choice4, choice5, choice6, choice8,paper_path,name):
 """生成智能终端方向的试题"""
 docx1 = Document()
 docx2 = Document()
 docx1.styles['Normal'].font.name = '宋体'          #选择字体
 docx1.styles['Normal']._element.rPr.rFonts.set(qn('w:eastAsia'), '宋体')   #默认字体
 docx1.styles['Normal'].font.size = Pt(11)          #默认字号大小
 docx1.styles['Normal'].paragraph_format.space_before = Pt(0)     #默认段前间距
 docx1.styles['Normal'].paragraph_format.space_after = Pt(0)      #默认段后间距
 docx1.styles['Normal'].paragraph_format.line_spacing_rule = WD_LINE_SPACING.ONE_POINT_FIVE #默认单倍行距
 sec = docx1.sections[0]               # sections对应文档中的“节”
 sec.left_margin = Inches(1)              # 设置左页面边距
 sec.right_margin = Inches(1)             #设置右页面边距
 sec.top_margin = Inches(0.5)             # 设置上页面边距
 sec.bottom_margin = Inches(0.5)             #设置下页面边距

 p=docx1.add_paragraph()               #添加段落
 run = p.add_run('软件测试(智能终端)方向试题(%s)' % name)        #使用add_run添加文字
 run.font.name = '微软雅黑'              #设置字体
 run._element.rPr.rFonts.set(qn('w:eastAsia'), '微软雅黑')       #设置字体
 run.font.size = Pt(18)               #字体大小设置
 p.paragraph_format.alignment = WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.CENTER      #段落文字居中设置
 docx1.add_paragraph('【说明】')             # 添加段落文字
 docx1.add_paragraph('1.笔试时间为60分钟。')
 docx1.add_paragraph('2.请将答案写在答题卡上,且不允许在试题卷上做任何涂写和标记。')
 q = docx2.add_paragraph()              # 添加段落
 run = q.add_run('软件测试(智能终端)方向试题答案(%s)' % name)       # 使用add_run添加文字
 run.font.name = '微软雅黑'              # 设置字体
 run._element.rPr.rFonts.set(qn('w:eastAsia'), '微软雅黑')       # 设置字体
 run.font.size = Pt(18)               # 字体大小设置
 q.paragraph_format.alignment = WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.CENTER      # 段落文字居中设置

 p1 = docx1.add_paragraph()
 p1.paragraph_format.space_before = Pt(12)          #设置段前间距
 docx2.add_paragraph('一、选择题')
 run = p1.add_run('一、选择题（每题3分共45分）')
 run.bold = True                 # 字体加粗
 list1=random.sample(range(0,len(choice1)-1),3)
 x=1
 for y in list1:
  docx1.add_paragraph(str(x)+'、'+choice1[y][1])
  docx1.add_paragraph(choice1[y][2])
  docx1.add_paragraph(choice1[y][3])
  docx1.add_paragraph(choice1[y][4])
  p11=docx1.add_paragraph(choice1[y][5])
  p11.paragraph_format.space_after = Pt(12)         #段后间距
  docx2.add_paragraph(str(x)+'、'+choice1[y][6])
  x+=1

 list2=random.sample(range(0,len(choice2)-1),7)
 x=1
 for y in list2:
  docx1.add_paragraph(str(x+3)+'、'+choice2[y][1])
  docx1.add_paragraph(choice2[y][2])
  docx1.add_paragraph(choice2[y][3])
  docx1.add_paragraph(choice2[y][4])
  p11=docx1.add_paragraph(choice2[y][5])
  p11.paragraph_format.space_after = Pt(12)
  docx2.add_paragraph(str(x+3)+'、'+choice2[y][6])
  x+=1

 list3=random.sample(range(0,len(choice4)-1),5)
 x=1
 for y in list3:
  docx1.add_paragraph(str(x+10)+'、'+choice4[y][1])
  docx1.add_paragraph(choice4[y][2])
  docx1.add_paragraph(choice4[y][3])
  docx1.add_paragraph(choice4[y][4])
  p11=docx1.add_paragraph(choice4[y][5])
  p11.paragraph_format.space_after = Pt(12)
  docx2.add_paragraph(str(x+10)+'、'+choice4[y][6])
  x+=1

 p2 = docx1.add_paragraph()
 p2.paragraph_format.space_before = Pt(12)
 docx2.add_paragraph('二、填空题')
 run = p2.add_run('二、填空题（每题3分，共15分）')
 run.bold = True
 list2 = random.sample(range(0, len(choice5)-1), 5)
 i = 1
 for j in list2:
  docx1.add_paragraph(str(i) + '、' + choice5[j][1])
  docx2.add_paragraph(str(i) + '、' + str(choice5[j][2]))
  i += 1

 p3 = docx1.add_paragraph()
 p3.paragraph_format.space_before = Pt(12)
 docx2.add_paragraph('三、简答题')
 run = p3.add_run('三、简答题（每题10分，共20分）')
 run.bold = True
 list3 = random.sample(range(0, len(choice6)-1), 2)
 n = 1
 for m in list3:
  docx1.add_paragraph(str(n) + '、' + choice6[m][1])
  docx1.add_paragraph('\r')
  docx2.add_paragraph(str(n) + '、' + choice6[m][2])
  n += 1

 p4 = docx1.add_paragraph()
 p4.paragraph_format.space_before = Pt(12)
 docx2.add_paragraph('四、综合题')
 run = p4.add_run('四、综合题（共20分）')
 run.bold = True
 list4 = random.randint(0, len(choice8)-1)
 docx1.add_paragraph('1、' + choice8[list4][1])
 docx2.add_paragraph(choice8[list4][2])

 docx1.save(os.path.join(paper_path, '智能终端试题(%s).docx' % name))
 docx2.save(os.path.join(paper_path, '智能终端试题答案(%s).docx' % name))

def main(ip,name,passwd,db_name):
 paper_path = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)), '试卷') #试卷存放路径
 if not os.path.exists(paper_path):
  os.mkdir(paper_path)              #创建试卷文件夹
 my = SunckSql(ip,name,passwd,db_name)           #连接数据库
 choice1 = my.get_all("select * from %s" % '计算机基础选择题')      #查询数据库中的试题
 choice2 = my.get_all("select * from %s" % '测试基础选择题')
 choice3 = my.get_all("select * from %s" % '网络通信选择题')
 choice4 = my.get_all("select * from %s" % '智能终端选择题')
 choice5 = my.get_all("select * from %s" % '填空题')
 choice6 = my.get_all("select * from %s" % '简答题')
 choice7 = my.get_all("select * from %s" % '网络通信综合题')
 choice8 = my.get_all("select * from %s" % '智能终端综合题')
 for i in range(1,4):               #同时生成3份试卷及答案
  router_docx(choice1, choice2, choice3, choice5, choice6, choice7, paper_path, i)
  android_docx(choice1, choice2, choice4, choice5, choice6, choice8, paper_path, i)

if __name__ == "__main__":
 main(ip='数据库ip地址', name='mysql账号', passwd='mysql密码', db_name='软件测试试题库')

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