Sql Server数据库常用Transact-SQL脚本(推荐)

Transact-SQL

Transact-SQL（又称 T-SQL），是在 Microsoft SQL Server 和 Sybase SQL Server 上的 ANSI SQL 实现，与 Oracle 的 PL/SQL 性质相近（不只是实现 ANSI SQL，也为自身数据库系统的特性提供实现支持），在 Microsoft SQL Server 和 Sybase Adaptive Server 中仍然被使用为核心的查询语言。

数据库

1、创建数据库

USE master ;
GO
CREATE DATABASE Sales
ON
( NAME = Sales_dat,
 FILENAME = 'C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL13.MSSQLSERVER\MSSQL\DATA\saledat.mdf',
 SIZE = 10,
 MAXSIZE = 50,
 FILEGROWTH = 5 )
LOG ON
( NAME = Sales_log,
 FILENAME = 'C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL13.MSSQLSERVER\MSSQL\DATA\salelog.ldf',
 SIZE = 5MB,
 MAXSIZE = 25MB,
 FILEGROWTH = 5MB ) ;
GO

2、查看数据库

SELECT name, database_id, create_date
FROM sys.databases ; 

3、删除数据库

DROP DATABASE Sales;

表

1、创建表

CREATE TABLE PurchaseOrderDetail
(
 ID uniqueidentifier NOT NULL
 ,LineNumber smallint NOT NULL
 ,ProductID int NULL
 ,UnitPrice money NULL
 ,OrderQty smallint NULL
 ,ReceivedQty float NULL
 ,RejectedQty float NULL
 ,DueDate datetime NULL
); 

2、删除表

DROP TABLE dbo.PurchaseOrderDetail; 

3、重命名表

EXEC sp_rename 'Sales.SalesTerritory', 'SalesTerr'; 

列

1、添加列

ALTER TABLE dbo.doc_exa ADD column_b VARCHAR(20) NULL, column_c INT NULL ;

2、删除列

ALTER TABLE dbo.doc_exb DROP COLUMN column_b; 

3、重命名列

EXEC sp_rename 'Sales.SalesTerritory.TerritoryID', 'TerrID', 'COLUMN'; 

约束

1、主键

--在现有表中创建主键
ALTER TABLE Production.TransactionHistoryArchive
 ADD CONSTRAINT PK_TransactionHistoryArchive_TransactionID PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED (TransactionID);

--在新表中创建主键
CREATE TABLE Production.TransactionHistoryArchive1
 (
  TransactionID int IDENTITY (1,1) NOT NULL
  , CONSTRAINT PK_TransactionHistoryArchive_TransactionID PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED (TransactionID)
 )
;

--查看主键
SELECT name
FROM sys.key_constraints
WHERE type = 'PK' AND OBJECT_NAME(parent_object_id) = N'TransactionHistoryArchive';
GO
--删除主键
ALTER TABLE Production.TransactionHistoryArchive
DROP CONSTRAINT PK_TransactionHistoryArchive_TransactionID;
GO 

视图

1、创建视图

CREATE VIEW V_EmployeeHireDate
AS
SELECT p.FirstName, p.LastName, e.HireDate
FROM HumanResources.Employee AS e JOIN Person.Person AS p
ON e.BusinessEntityID = p.BusinessEntityID ;
GO 

2、删除视图

DROP VIEW V_EmployeeHireDate; 

存储过程

1、创建存储过程

CREATE PROCEDURE P_UspGetEmployeesTest
 @LastName nvarchar(50),
 @FirstName nvarchar(50)
AS
 SELECT FirstName, LastName, Department
 FROM HumanResources.vEmployeeDepartmentHistory
 WHERE FirstName = @FirstName AND LastName = @LastName
 AND EndDate IS NULL;
GO 

2、删除存储过程

DROP PROCEDURE P_UspGetEmployeesTest; 

3、执行存储过程

EXEC P_UspGetEmployeesTest N'Ackerman', N'Pilar';
-- Or
EXEC P_UspGetEmployeesTest @LastName = N'Ackerman', @FirstName = N'Pilar';
GO
-- Or
EXECUTE P_UspGetEmployeesTest @FirstName = N'Pilar', @LastName = N'Ackerman';
GO 

4、重命名存储过程

EXEC sp_rename 'P_UspGetAllEmployeesTest', 'P_UspEveryEmployeeTest2'; 

5、带有输出参数的存储过程

CREATE PROCEDURE P_UspGetEmployeeSalesYTD
@SalesPerson nvarchar(50),
@SalesYTD money OUTPUT
AS
 SELECT @SalesYTD = SalesYTD
 FROM SalesPerson AS sp
 JOIN vEmployee AS e ON e.BusinessEntityID = sp.BusinessEntityID
 WHERE LastName = @SalesPerson;
RETURN
GO

--调用
DECLARE @SalesYTDBySalesPerson money;
EXECUTE P_UspGetEmployeeSalesYTD
 N'Blythe',
 @SalesYTD = @SalesYTDBySalesPerson OUTPUT;
GO 

数据类型

总结

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