selenium+java破解极验滑动验证码的示例代码

摘要

分析验证码素材图片混淆原理，并采用selenium模拟人拖动滑块过程，进而破解验证码。

人工验证的过程

1、打开威锋网注册页面

2、移动鼠标至小滑块，一张完整的图片会出现（如下图1）

3、点击鼠标左键，图片中间会出现一个缺块（如下图2）

4、移动小滑块正上方图案至缺块处

5、验证通过

selenium模拟验证的过程

1. 加载威锋网注册页面
2. 下载图片1和缺块图片2
3. 根据两张图片的差异计算平移的距离x
4. 模拟鼠标点击事件，点击小滑块向右移动x
5. 验证通过
6. 详细分析

1、打开chrome浏览器控制台，会发现图1所示的验证码图片并不是极验后台返回的原图。而是由多个div拼接而成（如下图3）

通过图片显示div的style属性可知，极验后台把图片进行切割加错位处理。把素材图片切割成10 * 58大小的52张小图，再进行错位处理。在网页上显示的时候，再通过css的background-position属性对图片进行还原。以上的图1和图2都是经过了这种处理。在这种情况下，使用selenium模拟验证是需要对下载的验证码图片进行还原。如上图3的第一个div.gt_cut_fullbg_slice标签，它的大小为10px * 58px，其中style属性为background-image: url("http://static.geetest.com/pictures/gt/969ffa43c/969ffa43c.webp"); background-position: -157px -58px;会把该属性对应url的图片进行一个平移操作，以左上角为参考，向左平移157px，向上平移58px，图片超出部分不会显示。所以上图1所示图片是由26 * 2个10px * 58px大小的div组成（如下图4）。每一个小方块的大小58 * 10

2、下载图片并还原，上一步骤分析了图片具体的混淆逻辑，具体还原图片的代码实现如下，主要逻辑是把原图裁剪为52张小图，然后拼接成一张完整的图。

/**
 *还原图片
 * @param type
 */
private static void restoreImage(String type) throws IOException {
  //把图片裁剪为2 * 26份
  for(int i = 0; i < 52; i++){
    cutPic(basePath + type +".jpg"
        ,basePath + "result/" + type + i + ".jpg", -moveArray[i][0], -moveArray[i][1], 10, 58);
  }
  //拼接图片
  String[] b = new String[26];
  for(int i = 0; i < 26; i++){
    b[i] = String.format(basePath + "result/" + type + "%d.jpg", i);
  }
  mergeImage(b, 1, basePath + "result/" + type + "result1.jpg");
  //拼接图片
  String[] c = new String[26];
  for(int i = 0; i < 26; i++){
    c[i] = String.format(basePath + "result/" + type + "%d.jpg", i + 26);
  }
  mergeImage(c, 1, basePath + "result/" + type + "result2.jpg");
  mergeImage(new String[]{basePath + "result/" + type + "result1.jpg",
      basePath + "result/" + type + "result2.jpg"}, 2, basePath + "result/" + type + "result3.jpg");
  //删除产生的中间图片
  for(int i = 0; i < 52; i++){
    new File(basePath + "result/" + type + i + ".jpg").deleteOnExit();
  }
  new File(basePath + "result/" + type + "result1.jpg").deleteOnExit();
  new File(basePath + "result/" + type + "result2.jpg").deleteOnExit();
}

还原过程需要注意的是，后台返回错位的图片是312 * 116大小的。而网页上图片div的大小是260 * 116。

3、计算平移距离，遍历图片的每一个像素点，当两张图的R、G、B之差的和大于255，说明该点的差异过大，很有可能就是需要平移到该位置的那个点，代码如下。

BufferedImage fullBI = ImageIO.read(new File(basePath + "result/" + FULL_IMAGE_NAME + "result3.jpg"));
  BufferedImage bgBI = ImageIO.read(new File(basePath + "result/" + BG_IMAGE_NAME + "result3.jpg"));
  for (int i = 0; i < bgBI.getWidth(); i++){
    for (int j = 0; j < bgBI.getHeight(); j++) {
      int[] fullRgb = new int[3];
      fullRgb[0] = (fullBI.getRGB(i, j) & 0xff0000) >> 16;
      fullRgb[1] = (fullBI.getRGB(i, j) & 0xff00) >> 8;
      fullRgb[2] = (fullBI.getRGB(i, j) & 0xff);

      int[] bgRgb = new int[3];
      bgRgb[0] = (bgBI.getRGB(i, j) & 0xff0000) >> 16;
      bgRgb[1] = (bgBI.getRGB(i, j) & 0xff00) >> 8;
      bgRgb[2] = (bgBI.getRGB(i, j) & 0xff);
      if(difference(fullRgb, bgRgb) > 255){
        return i;
      }
    }
  }

4、模拟鼠标移动事件，这一步骤是最关键的步骤，极验验证码后台正是通过移动滑块的轨迹来判断是否为机器所为。整个移动轨迹的过程越随机越好，我这里提供一种成功率较高的移动算法，代码如下。

  public static void move(WebDriver driver, WebElement element, int distance) throws InterruptedException {
    int xDis = distance + 11;
    System.out.println("应平移距离：" + xDis);
    int moveX = new Random().nextInt(8) - 5;
    int moveY = 1;
    Actions actions = new Actions(driver);
    new Actions(driver).clickAndHold(element).perform();
    Thread.sleep(200);
    printLocation(element);
    actions.moveToElement(element, moveX, moveY).perform();
    System.out.println(moveX + "--" + moveY);
    printLocation(element);
    for (int i = 0; i < 22; i++){
      int s = 10;
      if (i % 2 == 0){
        s = -10;
      }
      actions.moveToElement(element, s, 1).perform();
      printLocation(element);
      Thread.sleep(new Random().nextInt(100) + 150);
    }

    System.out.println(xDis + "--" + 1);
    actions.moveByOffset(xDis, 1).perform();
    printLocation(element);
    Thread.sleep(200);
    actions.release(element).perform();
  }

完整代码如下

package com.github.wycm;
import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
import org.jsoup.Jsoup;
import org.jsoup.nodes.Document;
import org.jsoup.nodes.Element;
import org.jsoup.select.Elements;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.Point;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedCondition;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait;
import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.imageio.ImageReadParam;
import javax.imageio.ImageReader;
import javax.imageio.stream.ImageInputStream;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Random;
import java.util.regex.Matcher;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;

public class GeettestCrawler {
  private static String basePath = "src/main/resources/";
  private static String FULL_IMAGE_NAME = "full-image";
  private static String BG_IMAGE_NAME = "bg-image";
  private static int[][] moveArray = new int[52][2];
  private static boolean moveArrayInit = false;
  private static String INDEX_URL = "https://passport.feng.com/?r=user/register";
  private static WebDriver driver;

  static {
    System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "D:/dev/selenium/chromedriver_V2.30/chromedriver_win32/chromedriver.exe");
    if (!System.getProperty("os.name").toLowerCase().contains("windows")){
      System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "/Users/wangyang/workspace/selenium/chromedriver_V2.30/chromedriver");
    }
    driver = new ChromeDriver();
  }

  public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++){
      try {
        invoke();
      } catch (IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
      } catch (InterruptedException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
      }
    }
    driver.quit();
  }
  private static void invoke() throws IOException, InterruptedException {
    //设置input参数
    driver.get(INDEX_URL);

    //通过[class=gt_slider_knob gt_show]
    By moveBtn = By.cssSelector(".gt_slider_knob.gt_show");
    waitForLoad(driver, moveBtn);
    WebElement moveElemet = driver.findElement(moveBtn);
    int i = 0;
    while (i++ < 15){
      int distance = getMoveDistance(driver);
      move(driver, moveElemet, distance - 6);
      By gtTypeBy = By.cssSelector(".gt_info_type");
      By gtInfoBy = By.cssSelector(".gt_info_content");
      waitForLoad(driver, gtTypeBy);
      waitForLoad(driver, gtInfoBy);
      String gtType = driver.findElement(gtTypeBy).getText();
      String gtInfo = driver.findElement(gtInfoBy).getText();
      System.out.println(gtType + "---" + gtInfo);
      /**
       * 再来一次：
       * 验证失败：
       */
      if(!gtType.equals("再来一次:") && !gtType.equals("验证失败:")){
        Thread.sleep(4000);
        System.out.println(driver);
        break;
      }
      Thread.sleep(4000);
    }
  }

  /**
   * 移动
   * @param driver
   * @param element
   * @param distance
   * @throws InterruptedException
   */
  public static void move(WebDriver driver, WebElement element, int distance) throws InterruptedException {
    int xDis = distance + 11;
    System.out.println("应平移距离：" + xDis);
    int moveX = new Random().nextInt(8) - 5;
    int moveY = 1;
    Actions actions = new Actions(driver);
    new Actions(driver).clickAndHold(element).perform();
    Thread.sleep(200);
    printLocation(element);
    actions.moveToElement(element, moveX, moveY).perform();
    System.out.println(moveX + "--" + moveY);
    printLocation(element);
    for (int i = 0; i < 22; i++){
      int s = 10;
      if (i % 2 == 0){
        s = -10;
      }
      actions.moveToElement(element, s, 1).perform();
//      printLocation(element);
      Thread.sleep(new Random().nextInt(100) + 150);
    }

    System.out.println(xDis + "--" + 1);
    actions.moveByOffset(xDis, 1).perform();
    printLocation(element);
    Thread.sleep(200);
    actions.release(element).perform();
  }
  private static void printLocation(WebElement element){
    Point point = element.getLocation();
    System.out.println(point.toString());
  }
  /**
   * 等待元素加载，10s超时
   * @param driver
   * @param by
   */
  public static void waitForLoad(final WebDriver driver, final By by){
    new WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(new ExpectedCondition<Boolean>() {
      public Boolean apply(WebDriver d) {
        WebElement element = driver.findElement(by);
        if (element != null){
          return true;
        }
        return false;
      }
    });
  }

  /**
   * 计算需要平移的距离
   * @param driver
   * @return
   * @throws IOException
   */
  public static int getMoveDistance(WebDriver driver) throws IOException {
    String pageSource = driver.getPageSource();
    String fullImageUrl = getFullImageUrl(pageSource);
    FileUtils.copyURLToFile(new URL(fullImageUrl), new File(basePath + FULL_IMAGE_NAME + ".jpg"));
    String getBgImageUrl = getBgImageUrl(pageSource);
    FileUtils.copyURLToFile(new URL(getBgImageUrl), new File(basePath + BG_IMAGE_NAME + ".jpg"));
    initMoveArray(driver);
    restoreImage(FULL_IMAGE_NAME);
    restoreImage(BG_IMAGE_NAME);
    BufferedImage fullBI = ImageIO.read(new File(basePath + "result/" + FULL_IMAGE_NAME + "result3.jpg"));
    BufferedImage bgBI = ImageIO.read(new File(basePath + "result/" + BG_IMAGE_NAME + "result3.jpg"));
    for (int i = 0; i < bgBI.getWidth(); i++){
      for (int j = 0; j < bgBI.getHeight(); j++) {
        int[] fullRgb = new int[3];
        fullRgb[0] = (fullBI.getRGB(i, j) & 0xff0000) >> 16;
        fullRgb[1] = (fullBI.getRGB(i, j) & 0xff00) >> 8;
        fullRgb[2] = (fullBI.getRGB(i, j) & 0xff);

        int[] bgRgb = new int[3];
        bgRgb[0] = (bgBI.getRGB(i, j) & 0xff0000) >> 16;
        bgRgb[1] = (bgBI.getRGB(i, j) & 0xff00) >> 8;
        bgRgb[2] = (bgBI.getRGB(i, j) & 0xff);
        if(difference(fullRgb, bgRgb) > 255){
          return i;
        }
      }
    }
    throw new RuntimeException("未找到需要平移的位置");
  }
  private static int difference(int[] a, int[] b){
    return Math.abs(a[0] - b[0]) + Math.abs(a[1] - b[1]) + Math.abs(a[2] - b[2]);
  }
  /**
   * 获取move数组
   * @param driver
   */
  private static void initMoveArray(WebDriver driver){
    if (moveArrayInit){
      return;
    }
    Document document = Jsoup.parse(driver.getPageSource());
    Elements elements = document.select("[class=gt_cut_bg gt_show]").first().children();
    int i = 0;
    for(Element element : elements){
      Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile(".*background-position: (.*?)px (.*?)px.*");
      Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(element.toString());
      if (matcher.find()){
        String width = matcher.group(1);
        String height = matcher.group(2);
        moveArray[i][0] = Integer.parseInt(width);
        moveArray[i++][1] = Integer.parseInt(height);
      } else {
        throw new RuntimeException("解析异常");
      }
    }
    moveArrayInit = true;
  }
  /**
   *还原图片
   * @param type
   */
  private static void restoreImage(String type) throws IOException {
    //把图片裁剪为2 * 26份
    for(int i = 0; i < 52; i++){
      cutPic(basePath + type +".jpg"
          ,basePath + "result/" + type + i + ".jpg", -moveArray[i][0], -moveArray[i][1], 10, 58);
    }
    //拼接图片
    String[] b = new String[26];
    for(int i = 0; i < 26; i++){
      b[i] = String.format(basePath + "result/" + type + "%d.jpg", i);
    }
    mergeImage(b, 1, basePath + "result/" + type + "result1.jpg");
    //拼接图片
    String[] c = new String[26];
    for(int i = 0; i < 26; i++){
      c[i] = String.format(basePath + "result/" + type + "%d.jpg", i + 26);
    }
    mergeImage(c, 1, basePath + "result/" + type + "result2.jpg");
    mergeImage(new String[]{basePath + "result/" + type + "result1.jpg",
        basePath + "result/" + type + "result2.jpg"}, 2, basePath + "result/" + type + "result3.jpg");
    //删除产生的中间图片
    for(int i = 0; i < 52; i++){
      new File(basePath + "result/" + type + i + ".jpg").deleteOnExit();
    }
    new File(basePath + "result/" + type + "result1.jpg").deleteOnExit();
    new File(basePath + "result/" + type + "result2.jpg").deleteOnExit();
  }
  /**
   * 获取原始图url
   * @param pageSource
   * @return
   */
  private static String getFullImageUrl(String pageSource){
    String url = null;
    Document document = Jsoup.parse(pageSource);
    String style = document.select("[class=gt_cut_fullbg_slice]").first().attr("style");
    Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile("url\\(\"(.*)\"\\)");
    Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(style);
    if (matcher.find()){
      url = matcher.group(1);
    }
    url = url.replace(".webp", ".jpg");
    System.out.println(url);
    return url;
  }
  /**
   * 获取带背景的url
   * @param pageSource
   * @return
   */
  private static String getBgImageUrl(String pageSource){
    String url = null;
    Document document = Jsoup.parse(pageSource);
    String style = document.select(".gt_cut_bg_slice").first().attr("style");
    Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile("url\\(\"(.*)\"\\)");
    Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(style);
    if (matcher.find()){
      url = matcher.group(1);
    }
    url = url.replace(".webp", ".jpg");
    System.out.println(url);
    return url;
  }
  public static boolean cutPic(String srcFile, String outFile, int x, int y,
                 int width, int height) {
    FileInputStream is = null;
    ImageInputStream iis = null;
    try {
      if (!new File(srcFile).exists()) {
        return false;
      }
      is = new FileInputStream(srcFile);
      String ext = srcFile.substring(srcFile.lastIndexOf(".") + 1);
      Iterator<ImageReader> it = ImageIO.getImageReadersByFormatName(ext);
      ImageReader reader = it.next();
      iis = ImageIO.createImageInputStream(is);
      reader.setInput(iis, true);
      ImageReadParam param = reader.getDefaultReadParam();
      Rectangle rect = new Rectangle(x, y, width, height);
      param.setSourceRegion(rect);
      BufferedImage bi = reader.read(0, param);
      File tempOutFile = new File(outFile);
      if (!tempOutFile.exists()) {
        tempOutFile.mkdirs();
      }
      ImageIO.write(bi, ext, new File(outFile));
      return true;
    } catch (Exception e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
      return false;
    } finally {
      try {
        if (is != null) {
          is.close();
        }
        if (iis != null) {
          iis.close();
        }
      } catch (IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
        return false;
      }
    }
  }
  /**
   * 图片拼接 （注意：必须两张图片长宽一致哦）
   * @param files 要拼接的文件列表
   * @param type 1横向拼接，2 纵向拼接
   * @param targetFile 输出文件
   */
  private static void mergeImage(String[] files, int type, String targetFile) {
    int length = files.length;
    File[] src = new File[length];
    BufferedImage[] images = new BufferedImage[length];
    int[][] ImageArrays = new int[length][];
    for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
      try {
        src[i] = new File(files[i]);
        images[i] = ImageIO.read(src[i]);
      } catch (Exception e) {
        throw new RuntimeException(e);
      }
      int width = images[i].getWidth();
      int height = images[i].getHeight();
      ImageArrays[i] = new int[width * height];
      ImageArrays[i] = images[i].getRGB(0, 0, width, height, ImageArrays[i], 0, width);
    }
    int newHeight = 0;
    int newWidth = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < images.length; i++) {
      // 横向
      if (type == 1) {
        newHeight = newHeight > images[i].getHeight() ? newHeight : images[i].getHeight();
        newWidth += images[i].getWidth();
      } else if (type == 2) {// 纵向
        newWidth = newWidth > images[i].getWidth() ? newWidth : images[i].getWidth();
        newHeight += images[i].getHeight();
      }
    }
    if (type == 1 && newWidth < 1) {
      return;
    }
    if (type == 2 && newHeight < 1) {
      return;
    }
    // 生成新图片
    try {
      BufferedImage ImageNew = new BufferedImage(newWidth, newHeight, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
      int height_i = 0;
      int width_i = 0;
      for (int i = 0; i < images.length; i++) {
        if (type == 1) {
          ImageNew.setRGB(width_i, 0, images[i].getWidth(), newHeight, ImageArrays[i], 0,
              images[i].getWidth());
          width_i += images[i].getWidth();
        } else if (type == 2) {
          ImageNew.setRGB(0, height_i, newWidth, images[i].getHeight(), ImageArrays[i], 0, newWidth);
          height_i += images[i].getHeight();
        }
      }
      //输出想要的图片
      ImageIO.write(ImageNew, targetFile.split("\\.")[1], new File(targetFile));

    } catch (Exception e) {
      throw new RuntimeException(e);
    }
  }
}

pom文件依赖如下

  <dependency>
   <groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
   <artifactId>selenium-server</artifactId>
   <version>3.0.1</version>
  </dependency>
  <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.jsoup/jsoup -->
  <dependency>
   <groupId>org.jsoup</groupId>
   <artifactId>jsoup</artifactId>
   <version>1.7.2</version>
  </dependency>

最后

完整代码已上传至github,地址:https://github.com/wycm/selenium-geetest-crack

附上一张滑动效果图

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