浅谈使用Java Web获取客户端真实IP的方法示例详解

Java-Web获取客户端真实IP：

发生的场景：服务器端接收客户端请求的时候，一般需要进行签名验证，客户端IP限定等情况，在进行客户端IP限定的时候，需要首先获取该真实的IP。

一般分为两种情况：

　　方式一、客户端未经过代理，直接访问服务器端(nginx,squid,haproxy)；

　　方式二、客户端通过多级代理，最终到达服务器端(nginx,squid,haproxy)；

客户端请求信息都包含在HttpServletRequest中，可以通过方法getRemoteAddr()获得该客户端IP。

　　方式一形式，可以直接获得该客户端真实IP。

　　方式二中通过代理的形式，此时经过多级反向的代理，通过方法getRemoteAddr()得不到客户端真实IP，可以通过x-forwarded-for获得转发后请求信息。当客户端请求被转发，IP将会追加在其后并以逗号隔开，例如：10.47.103.13,4.2.2.2,10.96.112.230。

请求中的参数：

　　request.getHeader("x-forwarded-for"):10.47.103.13,4.2.2.2,10.96.112.230

　　request.getHeader("X-Real-IP"):10.47.103.13

　　request.getRemoteAddr():10.96.112.230

客户端访问经过转发，IP将会追加在其后并以逗号隔开。最终准确的客户端信息为：

• x-forwarded-for 不为空，则为逗号前第一个IP ；
• X-Real-IP不为空，则为该IP；
• 否则为getRemoteAddr() ；

相关请求头的解释：

• X-Forwarded-For ：这是一个 Squid 开发的字段，只有在通过了HTTP代理或者负载均衡服务器时才会添加该项。　　　　

　　　　格式为X-Forwarded-For:client1,proxy1,proxy2，一般情况下，第一个ip为客户端真实ip，后面的为经过的代理服务器ip。现在大部分的代理都会加上这个请求头。

• Proxy-Client-IP/WL- Proxy-Client-IP ：这个一般是经过apache http服务器的请求才会有，用apache http做代理时一般会加上Proxy-Client-IP请求头，而WL-Proxy-Client-IP是他的weblogic插件加上的头。
• HTTP_CLIENT_IP ：有些代理服务器会加上此请求头。
• X-Real-IP ：nginx代理一般会加上此请求头。

/**
 * 获取用户真实IP地址，不使用request.getRemoteAddr()的原因是有可能用户使用了代理软件方式避免真实IP地址,
 * 可是，如果通过了多级反向代理的话，X-Forwarded-For的值并不止一个，而是一串IP值
 */
 private String getIpAddr(HttpServletRequest request) {
 String ip = request.getHeader("x-forwarded-for");
 System.out.println("x-forwarded-for ip: " + ip);
 if (ip != null && ip.length() != 0 && !"unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
  // 多次反向代理后会有多个ip值，第一个ip才是真实ip
  if( ip.indexOf(",")!=-1 ){
  ip = ip.split(",")[0];
  }
 }
 if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
  ip = request.getHeader("Proxy-Client-IP");
  System.out.println("Proxy-Client-IP ip: " + ip);
 }
 if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
  ip = request.getHeader("WL-Proxy-Client-IP");
  System.out.println("WL-Proxy-Client-IP ip: " + ip);
 }
 if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
  ip = request.getHeader("HTTP_CLIENT_IP");
  System.out.println("HTTP_CLIENT_IP ip: " + ip);
 }
 if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
  ip = request.getHeader("HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR");
  System.out.println("HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR ip: " + ip);
 }
 if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
  ip = request.getHeader("X-Real-IP");
  System.out.println("X-Real-IP ip: " + ip);
 }
 if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
  ip = request.getRemoteAddr();
  System.out.println("getRemoteAddr ip: " + ip);
 }
 System.out.println("获取客户端ip: " + ip);
 return ip;
 }

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

/**
* IP校验
*/
public class IPUtils {

 public static String getClientAddress(HttpServletRequest request) {
 if (request == null) {
  return "unknown";
 }
 String ip = request.getHeader("x-forwarded-for");
 if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
  ip = request.getHeader("Proxy-Client-IP");
 }
 if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
  ip = request.getHeader("X-Forwarded-For");
 }
 if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
  ip = request.getHeader("WL-Proxy-Client-IP");
 }
 if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
  ip = request.getHeader("X-Real-IP");
 }

 if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
  ip = request.getRemoteAddr();
 }
 return ip.equals("0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1") ? "127.0.0.1" : ip;
 }

}

public String getIpAddr(HttpServletRequest request){
 String ipAddress = request.getHeader("x-forwarded-for");
  if(ipAddress == null || ipAddress.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ipAddress)) {
  ipAddress = request.getHeader("Proxy-Client-IP");
  }
  if(ipAddress == null || ipAddress.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ipAddress)) {
  ipAddress = request.getHeader("WL-Proxy-Client-IP");
  }
  if(ipAddress == null || ipAddress.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ipAddress)) {
  ipAddress = request.getRemoteAddr();
  if(ipAddress.equals("127.0.0.1") || ipAddress.equals("0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1")){
   //根据网卡取本机配置的IP
   InetAddress inet=null;
   try {
   inet = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
   } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
   e.printStackTrace();
   }
   ipAddress= inet.getHostAddress();
  }
  }
  //对于通过多个代理的情况，第一个IP为客户端真实IP,多个IP按照','分割
  if(ipAddress!=null && ipAddress.length()>15){ //"***.***.***.***".length() = 15
  if(ipAddress.indexOf(",")>0){
   ipAddress = ipAddress.substring(0,ipAddress.indexOf(","));
  }
  }
  return ipAddress;
 }

太平洋网络IP地址查询Web接口：http://whois.pconline.com.cn/

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.DataOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;

/**
 * 根据IP地址获取详细的地域信息 第一个方法是传入ip获取真实地址 最后一个方法是获取访问者真实ip 即使通过Nginx多层代理也可以获取
 */
public class AddressUtils {

 public static String getAddresses(String content, String encodingString) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
 // 这里调用pconline的接口
 String urlStr = "http://ip.taobao.com/service/getIpInfo.php";
 // 从http://whois.pconline.com.cn取得IP所在的省市区信息
 String returnStr = getResult(urlStr, content, encodingString);
 if (returnStr != null) {
  // 处理返回的省市区信息
  System.out.println(returnStr);
  String[] temp = returnStr.split(",");
  if (temp.length < 3) {
  return "0";// 无效IP，局域网测试
  }
  String country = "";
  String area = "";
  String region = "";
  String city = "";
  String county = "";
  String isp = "";
  for (int i = 0; i < temp.length; i++) {
  switch (i) {
  case 1:
   country = (temp[i].split(":"))[2].replaceAll("\"", "");
   country = decodeUnicode(country);// 国家
   break;
//   case 3:
//   area = (temp[i].split(":"))[1].replaceAll("\"", "");
//   area =decodeUnicode(area);//地区
//   break;
  case 5:
   region = (temp[i].split(":"))[1].replaceAll("\"", "");
   region = decodeUnicode(region);// 省份
   break;
  case 7:
   city = (temp[i].split(":"))[1].replaceAll("\"", "");
   city = decodeUnicode(city);// 市区
   break;
  case 9:
   county = (temp[i].split(":"))[1].replaceAll("\"", "");
   county = decodeUnicode(county);// 地区
   break;
  case 11:
   isp = (temp[i].split(":"))[1].replaceAll("\"", "");
   isp = decodeUnicode(isp);// ISP公司
   break;
  }
  }
  System.out.println(country + area + "=" + region + "=" + city + "=" + county + "=" + isp);
  StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(country).append(region).append(city).append(county).append(" ")
   .append(isp);
  return sb.toString();
 }
 return null;
 }

 /**
 * @param urlStr 请求的地址
 * @param content 请求的参数 格式为：name=xxx&pwd=xxx
 * @param encoding 服务器端请求编码。如GBK,UTF-8等
 * @return
 */
 private static String getResult(String urlStr, String content, String encoding) {
 URL url = null;
 HttpURLConnection connection = null;
 try {
  url = new URL(urlStr);
  connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();// 新建连接实例
  connection.setConnectTimeout(3000);// 设置连接超时时间，单位毫秒
  connection.setReadTimeout(3000);// 设置读取数据超时时间，单位毫秒
  connection.setDoOutput(true);// 是否打开输出流 true|false
  connection.setDoInput(true);// 是否打开输入流true|false
  connection.setRequestMethod("POST");// 提交方法POST|GET
  connection.setUseCaches(false);// 是否缓存true|false
  connection.connect();// 打开连接端口
  DataOutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(connection.getOutputStream());// 打开输出流往对端服务器写数据
  out.writeBytes(content);// 写数据(提交表单)
  out.flush();// 刷新
  out.close();// 关闭输出流
  // 往对端写完数据对端服务器返回数据,以BufferedReader流来读取
  BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(connection.getInputStream(), encoding));
  StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();
  String line = "";
  while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
  buffer.append(line);
  }
  reader.close();
  return buffer.toString();
 } catch (IOException e) {
  e.printStackTrace();
 } finally {
  if (connection != null) {
  connection.disconnect();// 关闭连接
  }
 }
 return null;
 }

 /**
 * unicode 转换成 中文
 */
 public static String decodeUnicode(String theString) {
 char aChar;
 int len = theString.length();
 StringBuffer outBuffer = new StringBuffer(len);
 for (int x = 0; x < len;) {
  aChar = theString.charAt(x++);
  if (aChar == '\\') {
  aChar = theString.charAt(x++);
  if (aChar == 'u') {
   int value = 0;
   for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
   aChar = theString.charAt(x++);
   switch (aChar) {
   case '0':
   case '1':
   case '2':
   case '3':
   case '4':
   case '5':
   case '6':
   case '7':
   case '8':
   case '9':
    value = (value << 4) + aChar - '0';
    break;
   case 'a':
   case 'b':
   case 'c':
   case 'd':
   case 'e':
   case 'f':
    value = (value << 4) + 10 + aChar - 'a';
    break;
   case 'A':
   case 'B':
   case 'C':
   case 'D':
   case 'E':
   case 'F':
    value = (value << 4) + 10 + aChar - 'A';
    break;
   default:
    throw new IllegalArgumentException("Malformed encoding.");
   }
   }
   outBuffer.append((char) value);
  } else {
   if (aChar == 't') {
   aChar = '\t';
   } else if (aChar == 'r') {
   aChar = '\r';
   } else if (aChar == 'n') {
   aChar = '\n';
   } else if (aChar == 'f') {
   aChar = '\f';
   }
   outBuffer.append(aChar);
  }
  } else {
  outBuffer.append(aChar);
  }
 }
 return outBuffer.toString();
 }

 // 测试
 public static void main(String[] args) {
 AddressUtils addressUtils = new AddressUtils();

 /**
  * 测试IP：111.121.72.101 中国贵州省贵阳市 电信
  */
 String ip = "111.121.72.101";
 String address = "";
 try {
  address = addressUtils.getAddresses("ip=" + ip, "utf-8");
 } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
  e.printStackTrace();
 } catch (Exception e) {
  e.printStackTrace();
 }
 System.out.println(address);//中国贵州省贵阳市 电信
 }
}

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