Spring Boot详解各类请求和响应的处理方法
目录
- 1. HttpServletRequest与HttpServletResponse
- 2. GET类型的请求
- 2.1 /students?current=1&limit=20
- 2.2 /student/123
- 3. POST类型的请求
- 4. 响应HTML格式的数据
- 4.1 使用ModelAndView
- 4.2 使用Model
- 5. 响应JSON格式的数据
- 5.1 单组数据
- 5.2 多组数据
1. HttpServletRequest与HttpServletResponse
浏览器输入:http://localhost:8080/community/alpha/http?code=10
@RequestMapping("/http") public void http(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) { // 获取请求数据 System.out.println(request.getMethod()); System.out.println(request.getServletPath()); Enumeration<String> enumeration = request.getHeaderNames(); while (enumeration.hasMoreElements()) { String name = enumeration.nextElement(); String value = request.getHeader(name); System.out.println(name + ": " + value); } System.out.println(request.getParameter("code")); // 返回响应数据 response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8"); try { PrintWriter writer = response.getWriter(); writer.write("<h1>nowcoder</h1>"); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }
前端页面显示:nowcoder
同时,IDEA控制台输出:
GET
/alpha/http
host: localhost:8080
connection: keep-alive
sec-ch-ua: " Not;A Brand";v="99", "Google Chrome";v="97", "Chromium";v="97"
sec-ch-ua-mobile: ?0
sec-ch-ua-platform: "Windows"
upgrade-insecure-requests: 1
user-agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/97.0.4692.99 Safari/537.36
accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.9
sec-fetch-site: none
sec-fetch-mode: navigate
sec-fetch-user: ?1
sec-fetch-dest: document
accept-encoding: gzip, deflate, br
accept-language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.9
cookie: Idea-10659edd=72fa12c3-9b68-4da6-8b68-38a81c822aa0
10
2. GET类型的请求
在AlphaController
中增加方法,处理GET
类型的请求。
2.1 /students?current=1&limit=20
浏览器输入:http://localhost:8080/community/alpha/students?current=1&limit=100
@GetMapping("/students") @ResponseBody public String getStudents( @RequestParam(name = "current" ,required = false, defaultValue = "1") int current, @RequestParam(name = "limit" ,required = false, defaultValue = "10") int limit) { System.out.println(current); System.out.println(limit); return "some students"; }
前端页面显示:some students
同时,IDEA控制台输出:
1
100
2.2 /student/123
浏览器输入:http://localhost:8080/community/alpha/student/123
@GetMapping("/student/{id}") @ResponseBody public String getStudent(@PathVariable("id") int id) { System.out.println(id); return "one student"; }
前端页面显示:one students
同时,IDEA控制台输出:
123
3. POST类型的请求
在AlphaController
中增加方法,处理POST
类型的请求。
浏览器输入:http://localhost:8080/community/html/student.html
@PostMapping("/student") @ResponseBody public String saveStudent(String name, int age) { System.out.println(name); System.out.println(age); return "success"; }
resources/static/html/student.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>增加学生</title> </head> <body> <form method="post" action="/community/alpha/student"> <p> 姓名:<input type="text" name="name"> </p> <p> 年龄:<input type="text" name="age"> </p> <p> <input type="submit" value="保存"> </p> </form> </body> </html>
前端页面显示一个表单,包含两行:姓名、年龄,还有一个 “保存” 按钮。
输入 “Lebron”、38 后,点击 “保存” 后,显示 “success”。
4. 响应HTML格式的数据
在AlphaController
中增加方法,向浏览器响应HTML
格式的数据。
4.1 使用ModelAndView
浏览器输入:http://localhost:8080/community/alpha/teacher
@GetMapping("/teacher") public ModelAndView getTeacher() { ModelAndView mav = new ModelAndView(); mav.addObject("name", "Lebron"); mav.addObject("age", 38); mav.setViewName("/demo/view"); return mav; }
前端页面显示:
Lebron
38
4.2 使用Model
浏览器输入:http://localhost:8080/community/alpha/school
@GetMapping("/school") public String getSchool(Model model) { model.addAttribute("name", "xx大学"); model.addAttribute("age", 100); return "/demo/view"; }
resources/templates/demo/view.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Teacher</title> </head> <body> <p th:text="${name}"></p> <p th:text="${age}"></p> </body> </html>
前端页面显示:
xx大学
100
5. 响应JSON格式的数据
在AlphaController
中增加方法,向浏览器响应JSON
格式的数据。
5.1 单组数据
浏览器输入:http://localhost:8080/community/alpha/emp
@GetMapping("/emp") @ResponseBody public Map<String, Object> getEmp() { Map<String, Object> emp = new HashMap<>(); emp.put("name", "Kitty"); emp.put("age", 20); emp.put("salary", 12000.00); return emp; }
前端页面显示:
{"name":"Kitty","salary":12000.0,"age":20}
5.2 多组数据
浏览器输入:http://localhost:8080/community/alpha/emps
@GetMapping("/emps") @ResponseBody public List<Map<String, Object>> getEmps() { List<Map<String, Object>> list = new ArrayList<>(); Map<String, Object> emp = new HashMap<>(); emp.put("name", "Tom"); emp.put("age", 20); emp.put("salary", 12000.00); list.add(emp); emp = new HashMap<>(); emp.put("name", "Jerry"); emp.put("age", 18); emp.put("salary", 15000.00); list.add(emp); emp = new HashMap<>(); emp.put("name", "Leo"); emp.put("age", 25); emp.put("salary", 8000.00); list.add(emp); return list; }
前端页面显示:
[{"name":"Tom","salary":12000.0,"age":20},{"name":"Jerry","salary":15000.0,"age":18},{"name":"Leo","salary":8000.0,"age":25}]
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