c# socket心跳超时检测的思路(适用于超大量TCP连接情况下)
假设一种情景:
TCP服务器有1万个客户端连接,如果客户端5秒钟不发数据,则要断开。服务端如何检测客户端是否超时?这看起来是一个非常简单的问题,其实不然!
最简单的处理方法是:
启动一个线程,每隔一段时间,检查每个连接是否超时。每次处理需要1万次检查。计算量太大!检查的时间间隔不能太小,否则大大增加计算量;如果间隔时间太大,超时误差会增大。
本文提出一种新颖的处理方法,就是针对这个看似简单而不易解决的问题!(以下用socket表示一个客户端连接)
1 内存布局图
假设socket3有新的数据到达,需要更新socket3所在的时间轴,处理逻辑如下:
2 处理过程分析:
基本的处理思路就是增加时间轴概念。将socket按最后更新时间排序。因为时间是连续的,不可能将时间分割太细。首先将时间离散,比如属于同一秒内的更新,被认为是属于同一个时间点。离散的时间间隔称为时间刻度,该刻度值可以根据具体情况调整。刻度值越小,超时计算越精确;但是计算量增大。如果时间刻度为10毫秒,则一秒的时间长度被划分为100份。所以需要对更新时间做规整,代码如下:
DateTime CreateNow() { DateTime now = DateTime.Now; int m = 0; if(now.Millisecond != 0) { if(_minimumScaleOfMillisecond == 1000) { now = now.AddSeconds(1); //尾数加1,确保超时值大于 给定的值 } else { //如果now.Millisecond为16毫秒,精确度为10毫秒。则转换后为20毫秒 m = now.Millisecond - now.Millisecond % _minimumScaleOfMillisecond + _minimumScaleOfMillisecond; if(m>=1000) { m -= 1000; now = now.AddSeconds(1); } } } return new DateTime(now.Year, now.Month, now.Day, now.Hour, now.Minute, now.Second,m); }
属于同一个时间刻度的socket,被放入在一个哈希表中(见图中Group)。存放socket的类如下:
class SameTimeKeyGroup<T> { DateTime _timeStamp; public DateTime TimeStamp => _timeStamp; public SameTimeKeyGroup(DateTime time) { _timeStamp = time; } public HashSet<T> KeyGroup { get; set; } = new HashSet<T>(); public bool ContainKey(T key) { return KeyGroup.Contains(key); } internal void AddKey(T key) { KeyGroup.Add(key); } internal bool RemoveKey(T key) { return KeyGroup.Remove(key); } }
定义一个List表示时间轴:
List<SameTimeKeyGroup<T>> _listTimeScale = new List<SameTimeKeyGroup<T>>();
在_listTimeScale 前端的时间较旧,所以链表前端就是有可能超时的socket。
当有socket需要更新时,需要快速知道socket所在的group。这样才能将socket从旧的group移走,再添加到新的group中。需要新增一个链表:
Dictionary<T, SameTimeKeyGroup<T>> _socketToSameTimeKeyGroup = new Dictionary<T, SameTimeKeyGroup<T>>();
2.1 当socket有新的数据到达时,处理步骤:
- 查找socket的上一个群组。如果该群组对应的时刻和当前时刻相同(时间都已经离散,才有可能相同),无需更新时间轴。
- 从旧的群组删除,增加到新的群组。
public void UpdateTime(T key) { DateTime now = CreateNow(); //是否已存在,从上一个时间群组删除 if (_socketToSameTimeKeyGroup.ContainsKey(key)) { SameTimeKeyGroup<T> group = _socketToSameTimeKeyGroup[key]; if (group.ContainKey(key)) { if (group.TimeStamp == now) //同一时间更新,无需移动 { return; } else { group.RemoveKey(key); _socketToSameTimeKeyGroup.Remove(key); } } } //从超时组 删除 _timeoutSocketGroup.Remove(key); //加入到新组 SameTimeKeyGroup<T> groupFromScaleList = GetOrCreateSocketGroup(now, out bool newCreate); groupFromScaleList.AddKey(key); _socketToSameTimeKeyGroup.Add(key, groupFromScaleList); if (newCreate) { AdjustTimeout(); } }
2.2 获取超时的socket
时间轴从旧到新,对比群组的时间与超时时刻。就是链表_listTimeScale,从0开始查找。
/// <summary> ///timeLimit 值为超时时刻限制 ///比如DateTime.Now.AddMilliseconds(-1000);表示 返回一秒钟以前的数据 /// </summary> /// <param name="timeLimit">该时间以前的socket会被返回</param> /// <returns></returns> public List<T> GetTimeoutValue(DateTime timeLimit, bool remove = true) { if((DateTime.Now - timeLimit) > _maxSpan ) { Debug.Write("GetTimeoutSocket timeLimit 参数有误!"); } //从超时组 读取 List<T> result = new List<T>(); foreach(T key in _timeoutSocketGroup) { _timeoutSocketGroup.Add(key); } if(remove) { _timeoutSocketGroup.Clear(); } while (_listTimeScale.Count > 0) { //时间轴从旧到新,查找对比 SameTimeKeyGroup<T> group = _listTimeScale[0]; if(timeLimit >= group.TimeStamp) { foreach (T key in group.KeyGroup) { result.Add(key); if (remove) { _socketToSameTimeKeyGroup.Remove(key); } } if(remove) { _listTimeScale.RemoveAt(0); } } else { break; } } return result; }
3 使用举例
//创建变量。最大超时时间为600秒,时间刻度为1秒 TimeSpanManage<Socket> _deviceActiveManage = TimeSpanManage<Socket>.Create(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(600), 1000); //当有数据到达时,调用更新函数 _deviceActiveManage.UpdateTime(socket); //需要在线程或定时器中,每隔一段时间调用,找出超时的socket //找出超时时间超过600秒的socket。 foreach (Socket socket in _deviceActiveManage.GetTimeoutValue(DateTime.Now.AddSeconds(-600))) { socket.Close(); }
4 完整代码
/// <summary> /// 超时时间 时间间隔处理 /// </summary> class TimeSpanManage<T> { TimeSpan _maxSpan; int _minimumScaleOfMillisecond; int _scaleCount; List<SameTimeKeyGroup<T>> _listTimeScale = new List<SameTimeKeyGroup<T>>(); private TimeSpanManage() { } /// <summary> /// /// </summary> /// <param name="maxSpan">最大时间时间</param> /// <param name="minimumScaleOfMillisecond">最小刻度(毫秒)</param> /// <returns></returns> public static TimeSpanManage<T> Create(TimeSpan maxSpan, int minimumScaleOfMillisecond) { if (minimumScaleOfMillisecond <= 0) throw new Exception("minimumScaleOfMillisecond 小于0"); if (minimumScaleOfMillisecond > 1000) throw new Exception("minimumScaleOfMillisecond 不能大于1000"); if (maxSpan.TotalMilliseconds <= 0) throw new Exception("maxSpan.TotalMilliseconds 小于0"); TimeSpanManage<T> result = new TimeSpanManage<T>(); result._maxSpan = maxSpan; result._minimumScaleOfMillisecond = minimumScaleOfMillisecond; result._scaleCount = (int)(maxSpan.TotalMilliseconds / minimumScaleOfMillisecond); result._scaleCount++; return result; } Dictionary<T, SameTimeKeyGroup<T>> _socketToSameTimeKeyGroup = new Dictionary<T, SameTimeKeyGroup<T>>(); public void UpdateTime(T key) { DateTime now = CreateNow(); //是否已存在,从上一个时间群组删除 if (_socketToSameTimeKeyGroup.ContainsKey(key)) { SameTimeKeyGroup<T> group = _socketToSameTimeKeyGroup[key]; if (group.ContainKey(key)) { if (group.TimeStamp == now) //同一时间更新,无需移动 { return; } else { group.RemoveKey(key); _socketToSameTimeKeyGroup.Remove(key); } } } //从超时组 删除 _timeoutSocketGroup.Remove(key); //加入到新组 SameTimeKeyGroup<T> groupFromScaleList = GetOrCreateSocketGroup(now, out bool newCreate); groupFromScaleList.AddKey(key); _socketToSameTimeKeyGroup.Add(key, groupFromScaleList); if (newCreate) { AdjustTimeout(); } } public bool RemoveSocket(T key) { bool result = false; if (_socketToSameTimeKeyGroup.ContainsKey(key)) { SameTimeKeyGroup<T> group = _socketToSameTimeKeyGroup[key]; result = group.RemoveKey(key); _socketToSameTimeKeyGroup.Remove(key); } //从超时组 删除 bool result2 = _timeoutSocketGroup.Remove(key); return result || result2; } /// <summary> ///timeLimit 值为超时时刻限制 ///比如DateTime.Now.AddMilliseconds(-1000);表示 返回一秒钟以前的数据 /// </summary> /// <param name="timeLimit">该时间以前的socket会被返回</param> /// <returns></returns> public List<T> GetTimeoutValue(DateTime timeLimit, bool remove = true) { if((DateTime.Now - timeLimit) > _maxSpan ) { Debug.Write("GetTimeoutSocket timeLimit 参数有误!"); } //从超时组 读取 List<T> result = new List<T>(); foreach(T key in _timeoutSocketGroup) { _timeoutSocketGroup.Add(key); } if(remove) { _timeoutSocketGroup.Clear(); } while (_listTimeScale.Count > 0) { //时间轴从旧到新,查找对比 SameTimeKeyGroup<T> group = _listTimeScale[0]; if(timeLimit >= group.TimeStamp) { foreach (T key in group.KeyGroup) { result.Add(key); if (remove) { _socketToSameTimeKeyGroup.Remove(key); } } if(remove) { _listTimeScale.RemoveAt(0); } } else { break; } } return result; } HashSet<T> _timeoutSocketGroup = new HashSet<T>(); private void AdjustTimeout() { while (_listTimeScale.Count > _scaleCount) { SameTimeKeyGroup<T> group = _listTimeScale[0]; foreach (T key in group.KeyGroup) { _timeoutSocketGroup.Add(key); } _listTimeScale.RemoveAt(0); } } private SameTimeKeyGroup<T> GetOrCreateSocketGroup(DateTime now, out bool newCreate) { if (_listTimeScale.Count == 0) { newCreate = true; SameTimeKeyGroup<T> result = new SameTimeKeyGroup<T>(now); _listTimeScale.Add(result); return result; } else { SameTimeKeyGroup<T> lastGroup = _listTimeScale[_listTimeScale.Count - 1]; if (lastGroup.TimeStamp == now) { newCreate = false; return lastGroup; } newCreate = true; SameTimeKeyGroup<T> result = new SameTimeKeyGroup<T>(now); _listTimeScale.Add(result); return result; } } DateTime CreateNow() { DateTime now = DateTime.Now; int m = 0; if(now.Millisecond != 0) { if(_minimumScaleOfMillisecond == 1000) { now = now.AddSeconds(1); //尾数加1,确保超时值大于 给定的值 } else { //如果now.Millisecond为16毫秒,精确度为10毫秒。则转换后为20毫秒 m = now.Millisecond - now.Millisecond % _minimumScaleOfMillisecond + _minimumScaleOfMillisecond; if(m>=1000) { m -= 1000; now = now.AddSeconds(1); } } } return new DateTime(now.Year, now.Month, now.Day, now.Hour, now.Minute, now.Second,m); } } class SameTimeKeyGroup<T> { DateTime _timeStamp; public DateTime TimeStamp => _timeStamp; public SameTimeKeyGroup(DateTime time) { _timeStamp = time; } public HashSet<T> KeyGroup { get; set; } = new HashSet<T>(); public bool ContainKey(T key) { return KeyGroup.Contains(key); } internal void AddKey(T key) { KeyGroup.Add(key); } internal bool RemoveKey(T key) { return KeyGroup.Remove(key); } }
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