使用springboot打包成zip部署,并实现优雅停机
众所周知springboot项目,使用springboot插件打包的话,会打包成一个包含依赖的可执行jar,非常方便。只要有java运行环境的电脑上,运行java -jar xxx.jar就可以直接运行项目。
但是这样的缺点也很明显,如果我要改个配置,要将jar包中的配置文件取出来,修改完再放回去。这样做在windows下还比较容易。如果在linux上面就很费劲了。
另外如果代码中需要读取一些文件(比如说一张图片),也被打进jar中,就没办法像在磁盘中时一句File file = new File(path)代码就可以读取了。(当然这个可以使用spring的ClassPathResource来解决)。
还有很多公司项目上线后,都是增量发布,这样如果只有一个jar 的话,增量发布也是很麻烦的事情。虽然我是很讨厌这种增量发布的方式,因为会造成线上生产环境和开发环境有很多不一致的地方,这样在找问题的时候会走很多弯路。很不幸我现在在的项目也是这样的情况,而且最近接的任务就是用springboot搭建一个定时任务服务,为了维护方便,最后决定将项目打包成zip进行部署。
网上找到了很多springboot打包成zip的文章,不过基本都是将依赖从springboot的jar中拿出来放到lib目录中,再将项目的jar包中META-INF中指定lib到classpath中。这样做还是会有上面的问题。
最后我决定自己通过maven-assembly-plugin来实现这个功能。
打包
首先maven-assembly-plugin是将项目打包的一个插件。可以通过指定配置文件来决定打包的具体要求。
我的想法是将class打包到classes中,配置文件打包到conf中,项目依赖打包到lib中,当然还有自己编写的启动脚本在bin目录中。
如图
maven的target/classes下就是项目编译好的代码和配置文件。原来的做法是在assembly.xml中配置筛选,将该目录下class文件打包进classes中,除class文件打包到conf中(bin目录文件打包进bin目录,项目依赖打包进lib目录)。结果发现conf目录下会有空文件夹(java包路径)。
pom.xml
<plugin> <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId> <configuration> <appendAssemblyId>false</appendAssemblyId> <descriptors> <descriptor>assembly/assembly.xml</descriptor> </descriptors> </configuration> <executions> <execution> <id>make-assembly</id> <phase>package</phase> <goals> <goal>single</goal> </goals> </execution> </executions> </plugin>
assembly.xml
<assembly xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/plugins/maven-assembly-plugin/assembly/1.1.2" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/plugins/maven-assembly-plugin/assembly/1.1.2 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/assembly-1.1.2.xsd"> <id>package</id> <formats> <format>zip</format> </formats> <includeBaseDirectory>true</includeBaseDirectory> <dependencySets> <dependencySet> <useProjectArtifact>true</useProjectArtifact> <outputDirectory>lib</outputDirectory> <excludes> <exclude> ${groupId}:${artifactId} </exclude> </excludes> </dependencySet> </dependencySets> <fileSets> <fileSet> <directory>bin</directory> <outputDirectory>/bin</outputDirectory> <fileMode>777</fileMode> </fileSet> <fileSet> <directory>${project.build.directory}/conf</directory> <outputDirectory>/conf</outputDirectory> <excludes> <exclude>**/*.class</exclude> <exclude>META-INF/*</exclude> </excludes> </fileSet> <fileSet> <directory>${project.build.directory}/classes</directory> <outputDirectory>/classes</outputDirectory> <includes> <include>**/*.class</include> <include>META-INF/*</include> </includes> </fileSet> </fileSets> </assembly>
其实这样是不影响项目运行的,但是我看着很难受,尝试了很多方法去修改配置来达到不打包空文件夹的效果。但是都没成功。
然后我换了个方式,通过maven-resources-plugin插件将配置文件在编译的时候就复制一份到target/conf目录下,打包的时候配置文件从conf目录中取。这样就可以避免打包空白文件夹到conf目录中的情况。
pom.xml
<build> <plugins> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId> <executions> <execution> <id>compile-resources</id> <goals> <goal>resources</goal> </goals> <configuration> <encoding>utf-8</encoding> <useDefaultDelimiters>true</useDefaultDelimiters> <resources> <resource> <directory>src/main/resources/</directory> <filtering>true</filtering> <includes><!--只对yml文件进行替换--> <include>*.yml</include> </includes> </resource> <resource> <directory>src/main/resources/</directory> <filtering>false</filtering> </resource> </resources> </configuration> </execution> <execution> <id>-resources</id> <goals> <goal>resources</goal> </goals> <configuration> <encoding>utf-8</encoding> <useDefaultDelimiters>true</useDefaultDelimiters> <resources> <resource> <directory>src/main/resources/</directory> <filtering>true</filtering> <includes><!--只对yml文件进行替换--> <include>*.yml</include> </includes> </resource> <resource> <directory>src/main/resources/</directory> <filtering>false</filtering> </resource> </resources> <outputDirectory>${project.build.directory}/conf</outputDirectory> </configuration> </execution> </executions> </plugin> <!-- springboot maven打包--> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId> <configuration> <appendAssemblyId>false</appendAssemblyId> <descriptors> <descriptor>assembly/assembly.xml</descriptor> </descriptors> </configuration> <executions> <execution> <id>make-assembly</id> <phase>package</phase> <goals> <goal>single</goal> </goals> </execution> </executions> </plugin> </plugins> </build>
assembly.xml
<assembly xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/plugins/maven-assembly-plugin/assembly/1.1.2" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/plugins/maven-assembly-plugin/assembly/1.1.2 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/assembly-1.1.2.xsd"> <id>package</id> <formats> <format>zip</format> <format>tar.gz</format> </formats> <includeBaseDirectory>true</includeBaseDirectory> <dependencySets> <dependencySet> <useProjectArtifact>true</useProjectArtifact> <outputDirectory>lib</outputDirectory> <excludes> <exclude> ${groupId}:${artifactId} </exclude> </excludes> </dependencySet> </dependencySets> <fileSets> <fileSet> <directory>bin</directory> <outputDirectory>/bin</outputDirectory> <fileMode>777</fileMode> </fileSet> <fileSet> <directory>${project.build.directory}/conf</directory> <outputDirectory>/conf</outputDirectory> </fileSet> <fileSet> <directory>${project.build.directory}/classes</directory> <outputDirectory>/classes</outputDirectory> <includes> <include>**/*.class</include> <include>META-INF/*</include> </includes> </fileSet> </fileSets> </assembly>
pom文件中resources插件配置了2个execution,一个是正常往classes中写配置文件的execution,一个是往conf写配置文件的execution。这样做的好处是不影响maven本身的打包逻辑。如果再配置一个springboot的打包插件,也可以正常打包,执行。
执行
原来打包成jar后,只要一句java -jar xxx.jar就可以启动项目。现在为多个文件夹的情况下,就要手动指定环境,通过java -classpath XXX xxx.xxx.MainClass来启动项目,所以写了启动脚本。
run.sh
#!/bin/bash #Java程序所在的目录(classes的上一级目录) APP_HOME=.. #需要启动的Java主程序(main方法类) APP_MAIN_CLASS="io.github.loanon.springboot.MainApplication" #拼凑完整的classpath参数,包括指定lib目录下所有的jar CLASSPATH="$APP_HOME/conf:$APP_HOME/lib/*:$APP_HOME/classes" s_pid=0 checkPid() { java_ps=`jps -l | grep $APP_MAIN_CLASS` if [ -n "$java_ps" ]; then s_pid=`echo $java_ps | awk '{print $1}'` else s_pid=0 fi } start() { checkPid if [ $s_pid -ne 0 ]; then echo "================================================================" echo "warn: $APP_MAIN_CLASS already started! (pid=$s_pid)" echo "================================================================" else echo -n "Starting $APP_MAIN_CLASS ..." nohup java -classpath $CLASSPATH $APP_MAIN_CLASS >./st.out 2>&1 & checkPid if [ $s_pid -ne 0 ]; then echo "(pid=$s_pid) [OK]" else echo "[Failed]" fi fi } echo "start project......" start run.cmd @echo off set APP_HOME=.. set CLASS_PATH=%APP_HOME%/lib/*;%APP_HOME%/classes;%APP_HOME%/conf; set APP_MAIN_CLASS=io.github.loanon.springboot.MainApplication java -classpath %CLASS_PATH% %APP_MAIN_CLASS%
这样就可以启动项目了。
停止
linux下停止tomcat一般怎么做?当然是通过运行shutdown.sh。这样做有什么好处呢?可以优雅停机。何为优雅停机?简单点说就是让代码把做了一半工作的做完,还没做的(新的任务,请求)就不要做了,然后停机。
因为做的是定时任务处理数据的功能。试想下如果一个任务做了一半,我给停了,这个任务处理的数据被我标记了在处理中,下次重启后,就不再处理,那么这些数据就一直不会再被处理。所以需要像tomcat一样能优雅停机。
网上查询springboot优雅停机相关资料。主要是使用spring-boot-starter-actuator,不过很多人说这个在1.X的springboot中可以用,springboot 2.X不能用,需要自己写相关代码来支持,亲测springboot 2.0.4.RELEASE可以用。pom文件中引入相关依赖。
pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>2.0.4.RELEASE</version> <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> </parent> <groupId>io.github.loanon</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-zip</artifactId> <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <properties> <java.version>1.8</java.version> <encoding>UTF-8</encoding> <maven.compiler.encoding>UTF-8</maven.compiler.encoding> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding> <maven.compiler.source>${java.version}</maven.compiler.source> <maven.compiler.target>${java.version}</maven.compiler.target> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-logging</artifactId> </dependency> <!-- springboot监控 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId> </dependency> <!--springboot自定义配置--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-autoconfigure-processor</artifactId> </dependency> <!--定时任务--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-quartz</artifactId> </dependency> <!--发送http请求 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId> <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId> <artifactId>httpmime</artifactId> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId> <executions> <execution> <id>compile-resources</id> <goals> <goal>resources</goal> </goals> <configuration> <encoding>utf-8</encoding> <useDefaultDelimiters>true</useDefaultDelimiters> <resources> <resource> <directory>src/main/resources/</directory> <filtering>true</filtering> <includes><!--只对yml文件进行替换--> <include>*.yml</include> </includes> </resource> <resource> <directory>src/main/resources/</directory> <filtering>false</filtering> </resource> </resources> </configuration> </execution> <execution> <id>-resources</id> <goals> <goal>resources</goal> </goals> <configuration> <encoding>utf-8</encoding> <useDefaultDelimiters>true</useDefaultDelimiters> <resources> <resource> <directory>src/main/resources/</directory> <filtering>true</filtering> <includes><!--只对yml文件进行替换--> <include>*.yml</include> </includes> </resource> <resource> <directory>src/main/resources/</directory> <filtering>false</filtering> </resource> </resources> <outputDirectory>${project.build.directory}/conf</outputDirectory> </configuration> </execution> </executions> </plugin> <!-- springboot maven打包--> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId> <configuration> <appendAssemblyId>false</appendAssemblyId> <descriptors> <descriptor>assembly/assembly.xml</descriptor> </descriptors> </configuration> <executions> <execution> <id>make-assembly</id> <phase>package</phase> <goals> <goal>single</goal> </goals> </execution> </executions> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>
在application.yml中配置一下
application.yml
management: #开启监控管理,优雅停机 server: ssl: enabled: false endpoints: web: exposure: include: "*" endpoint: health: show-details: always shutdown: enabled: true #启用shutdown端点
启动项目,可以通过POST方式访问/actuator/shutdown让项目停机。
实际线上可能没办法方便的发送POST请求,所以写个类处理下
Shutdown.java
package io.github.loanon.springboot; import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient; import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost; import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients; import java.io.IOException; /** * 应用关闭入口 * @author dingzg */ public class Shutdown { public static void main(String[] args) { String url = null; if (args.length > 0) { url = args[0]; } else { return; } HttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault(); HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url); try { httpClient.execute(httpPost); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
只要将启动脚本中的启动类改成Shutdown类,并指定请求的地址即可。
stop.sh
#!/bin/bash #Java程序所在的目录(classes的上一级目录) APP_HOME=.. #需要启动的Java主程序(main方法类) APP_MAIN_CLASS="io.github.loanon.springboot.MainApplication" SHUTDOWN_CLASS="io.github.loanon.springboot.Shutdown" #拼凑完整的classpath参数,包括指定lib目录下所有的jar CLASSPATH="$APP_HOME/conf:$APP_HOME/lib/*:$APP_HOME/classes" ARGS="http://127.0.0.1:8080/actuator/shutdown" s_pid=0 checkPid() { java_ps=`jps -l | grep $APP_MAIN_CLASS` if [ -n "$java_ps" ]; then s_pid=`echo $java_ps | awk '{print $1}'` else s_pid=0 fi } stop() { checkPid if [ $s_pid -ne 0 ]; then echo -n "Stopping $APP_MAIN_CLASS ...(pid=$s_pid) " nohup java -classpath $CLASSPATH $SHUTDOWN_CLASS $ARGS >./shutdown.out 2>&1 & if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then echo "[OK]" else echo "[Failed]" fi sleep 3 checkPid if [ $s_pid -ne 0 ]; then stop else echo "$APP_MAIN_CLASS Stopped" fi else echo "================================================================" echo "warn: $APP_MAIN_CLASS is not running" echo "================================================================" fi } echo "stop project......" stop stop.cmd @echo off set APP_HOME=.. set CLASS_PATH=%APP_HOME%/lib/*;%APP_HOME%/classes;%APP_HOME%/conf; set SHUTDOWN_CLASS=io.github.loanon.springboot.Shutdown set ARGS=http://127.0.0.1:8080/actuator/shutdown java -classpath %CLASS_PATH% %SHUTDOWN_CLASS% %ARGS%
这样就可以通过脚本来启停项目。
其他
关于停机这块还是有缺点,主要是安全性。如果不加校验都可以访问接口,别人也就可以随便让我们的项目停机,实际操作过程中我是通过将web地址绑定到127.0.0.1这个地址上,不允许远程访问。当然也可添加spring-security做严格的权限控制,主要项目中没有用到web功能,只是spring-quartz的定时任务功能,所以就将地址绑定到本地才能访问。而且项目本身也是在内网运行,基本可以保证安全。
以上为个人经验,希望能给大家一个参考,也希望大家多多支持我们。