php中访问修饰符的知识点总结
为什么需要访问权限?
防止覆盖变量名称和函数名称
我们下来看一下public的使用,public是可以从任何地方访问的最广泛的访问限定符。
假设A先生开发overlapFuncBase,B先生继承overlapFuncBase创建了overlapFunc的例子。
<?php class overlapFuncBase { public $s = 1; } class overlapFunc extends overlapFuncBase { public $s = 2; } $obj_overlap = new overlapFunc(); var_dump($obj_overlap);
结果
object(overlapFunc)#1 (1) { ["s":"overlapFunc":public] => int(2) }
在B overlapFunc中,我可以使用由A先生创建的overlapFuncBase,但由于变量名$ s是相同的,覆盖了它。
所以这时就需要访问修饰符。
<?php class overlapFuncBase { private $s = 1; } class overlapFunc extends overlapFuncBase { private $s = 2; } $obj_overlap = new overlapFunc(); var_dump($obj_overlap)
结果
object(overlapFunc)#1 (2) { ["s":"overlapFunc":private] => int(2) ["s":"overlapFuncBase":private] => int(1) }
与第一个代码的不同之处在于我们在变量$ s之前将访问修饰符public更改为private。
private表示你只能在自己的类中访问。
因此,即使是A创建的每个类都有相同变量名,现在也可以获得不同的结果。
访问修饰符的类型
访问修饰符有private、protected和public
对应范围按以下顺序增加
private → protected → public
还有另一个名为static的特殊访问修饰符,如果你指定了类名,你可以在任何地方使用它。
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