python如何获取Prometheus监控数据
目录
- 获取Prometheus监控数据
- 获取Prometheus target数据
- 获取Prometheus 监控信息(cpu、mem、disks)
- 通过promsql读取prometheus内的数据
获取Prometheus监控数据
获取Prometheus target数据
调用http://<prometheus.address>/api/v1/targets并解析。
def getTargetsStatus(address): url = address + '/api/v1/targets' response = requests.request('GET', url) if response.status_code == 200: targets = response.json()['data']['activeTargets'] aliveNum, totalNum = 0, 0 downList = [] for target in targets: totalNum += 1 if target['health'] == 'up': aliveNum += 1 else: downList.append(target['labels']['instance']) print('-----------------------TargetsStatus--------------------------') print(str(aliveNum) + ' in ' + str(totalNum) + ' Targets are alive !!!') print('--------------------------------------------------------------') for down in downList: print('\033[31m\033[1m' + down + '\033[0m' + ' down !!!') print('-----------------------TargetsStatus--------------------------') else: print('\033[31m\033[1m' + 'Get targets status failed!' + '\033[0m')
获取Prometheus 监控信息(cpu、mem、disks)
调用http://<prometheus.address>/api/v1/query?query=<expr>并解析,其中expr为prometheus的查询语句。
### 定义cpu、mem、disks使用率的空字典 diskUsageDict = {} cpuUsageDict = {} memUsageDict = {} ### 定义采集时间间隔 s monitorInterval = 5 ### 定义超时告警时间 s diskAlertTime = 5 cpuAlertTime = 300 memAlertTime = 300 ### 定义告警阈值 % diskThreshold = 80 cpuThreshold = 60 memThreshold = 70 def queryUsage(address, expr): url = address + '/api/v1/query?query=' + expr try: return json.loads(requests.get(url=url).content.decode('utf8', 'ignore')) except Exception as e: print(e) return {} def orderUsageDict(usageDict, currentTime, monitorInterval): ''' :param usageDict: 资源使用率字典 :param usageDict: 资源使用率字典 :param currentTime: 当前获取监控数据的时间节点 :return: :description: 剔除字典中不满足连续超出阈值的数据 ''' for key in list(usageDict.keys()): if currentTime - usageDict[key][1] >= monitorInterval: usageDict.pop(key) def getCurrentUsageGreater(address, record, threshold, usageDict, monitorInterval): ''' :param address: Prometheus address :param record: Prometheus rules record :param threshold: 阈值 :param usageDict: 资源使用率字典 :param monitorInterval: 监控时间间隔 :return: :description: 获取资源使用率大于阈值的数据 ''' expr = record + '>=' + str(threshold) usage = queryUsage(address=address, expr=expr) currentTime = 0 if 'data' in usage and usage['data']['result']: for metric in usage['data']['result']: instance = metric['metric']['instance'] if record == 'node:fs_usage:ratio' or record == 'node:fs_root_usage:ratio': metricLabel = instance + ':' + metric['metric']['mountpoint'] else: metricLabel = instance utctime = metric['value'][0] value = metric['value'][1] describe = record.split(':')[1] if not metricLabel in usageDict.keys(): usageDict[metricLabel] = (utctime, utctime, describe, value) else: startTime = usageDict.get(metricLabel)[0] usageDict[metricLabel] = (startTime, utctime, describe, value) currentTime = utctime orderUsageDict(usageDict=usageDict, currentTime=currentTime, monitorInterval=monitorInterval) def printUsageDict(usageDict, alertTime): ''' :param usageDict: 资源使用率字典 :param alertTime: 监控告警时间 :return: :description: 打印出超过监控告警时间的数据 ''' for key, value in usageDict.items(): deltaT = value[1] - value[0] if deltaT >= alertTime: print(key + ' ----- ' + value[2] + '\033[31m\033[1m ' + str(value[3]) + '\033[0m ----- lasted for\033[31m\033[1m %.2f \033[0mseconds' % deltaT) def monitorUsageGreater(address): ''' :param address: Prometheus address :return: :description: 持续监控并输出数据 ''' while True: getCurrentUsageGreater(address, 'node:fs_usage:ratio', diskThreshold, diskUsageDict, monitorInterval) printUsageDict(diskUsageDict, alertTime=diskAlertTime) getCurrentUsageGreater(address, 'node:memory_usage:ratio', cpuThreshold, memUsageDict, monitorInterval) printUsageDict(memUsageDict, alertTime=memAlertTime) getCurrentUsageGreater(address, 'node:cpu_usage:ratio', memThreshold, cpuUsageDict, monitorInterval) printUsageDict(cpuUsageDict, alertTime=cpuAlertTime) time.sleep(monitorInterval)
其中有一些使用细节,比如统一资源标识符URI的构建,将HttpEntity用UTF-8编码方式转换为字符串再解析为JSON对象,我都写在注释里了。
String paramValue="http_requests_total"; //HTTP客户端连接工具 CloseableHttpClient httpClient=HttpClients.createDefault(); //参数里有特殊字符,不能直接写成String(会报Illegal Character错误),用URIBuilder构造。 URIBuilder uri=null; HttpGet get =null; try { //一对参数,使用addParameter(param: ,value:)这个方法添加参数。 //若多对参数,使用第二种方法(但其实在这里没有这种情况):uri.addParameters(List<NameValuePair>); //这里的ip,port换成你的Prometheus的ip+port。paramValue要自己定义,比如http_request_total uri=new URIBuilder("http://ip:port/api/v1/query"); uri.addParameter("query",paramValue); //uri此时是http://ip:port/api/v1/query?query=http_requests_total get=new HttpGet(uri.build()); } catch (URISyntaxException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } JSONObject jsonObject=null; CloseableHttpResponse response=null; try { // 执行请求并接收+转换 得到jsonObject就可以解析了。 response = httpClient.execute(get); String resStr= EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(),"UTF-8"); jsonObject=JSONObject.parseObject(resStr);
通过promsql读取prometheus内的数据
需求是python读取prometheus内的数据,做数据处理后入库到mysql。这里主要说一下,python如何使用官方api通过promsql查询prom内的数据。
官方提供的api为:
http://ip:port/api/v1/query?query=
样例如下:
html = urllib.request.urlopen('http://ip:port/api/v1/query?query=count(node_cpu_seconds_total{job="%s",mode="idle"})' %(s)) data = html.read().decode("utf-8") json = json.loads(data)
返回值为json类型,如下图:
具体的json各位自己分析,瞬时值为value,值内数据,第一位是时间戳,第二位为查询的结果值
区间向量返回值为values,也比较好理解。
还有个需求需要查询之前的数据,比如前一天,月初一周之类的,可以使用如下api:
http://ip:port/api/v1/query_range?query=avg(1-avg(rate(node_cpu_seconds_total{job="%s",mode="idle"}[5m]))by(instance))&start='+start+'&end='+end+'&step=15s
其中start为采集开始时间,end为采集结束时间,step为步长,即多久设个采集点。
start和end的格式如下:
2021-11-01T00:00:00Z
获取方式可以采取以下方式:
获取每月的第一周数据,所以从每月一号零点开始到八号的零点
now = datetime.datetime.now() start = datetime.datetime(now.year, now.month, 1) end = datetime.datetime(now.year, now.month, 8) # 格式转换:yyyy-mm-ddThh:MM:ssZ start_trans = "T".join(str(start).split(" "))+"Z" end_trans = "T".join(str(end).split(" "))+"Z"
获取前一周的时间
now_time = datetime.datetime.now() one_week_ago_time = now_time + datetime.timedelta(days=-7) # 精确到毫秒 now = now_time.strftime("%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%f") one_week_ago = one_week_ago_time.strftime("%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%f") n = now[0:len(now)-7]+"Z" one_week = one_week_ago[0:len(one_week_ago)-7]+"Z"
如果获取时间周期太长,返回数据太多会导致报错,这时候可调整step大小,或者将时间段分成几天获取。
主要还是了解两个api,其他的都是小问题
以上为个人经验,希望能给大家一个参考,也希望大家多多支持我们。
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